Vector Group of Transformer

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP
http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/understanding-vector-group-trans...
Electrical Engineering Power Substations (Protection) Relays Industry Automation
Energy and Automation SE Cashier Techniques ABB Drives Guides Danfoss Heating
Alternative Energy Research EE papers HVAC Guides Electrical Software Electrical Software Excel Spreadsheets Design Documentation ePlusMenuCAD 10 HVAC Spreadsheets Online Calculators Video Lectures Electrical Engineering PLC Programming Electrical Testing Contact Get In Touch! Advertisement Join Login Register Need registration help? Sitemap
Home / Technical Articles / Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1)
Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1)

Posted Jun 3 2012 by jiguparmar in Energy and Power, Transformers with 11 Comments
2 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
MCG Surge Protection www.mcgsurge.com AC, Data Line, DC and Power Line Surge Protection - Made in the USA
Understanding Vector Group of Transformer
Introduction
Three phase transformer consists of three sets of primary windings, one for each phase, and three sets of secondary windings wound on the same iron core. Separate single-phase transformers can be used and externally interconnected to yield the same results as a 3-phase unit. The primary windings are connected in one of several ways. The two most common configurations are the delta, in which the polarity end of one winding is connected to the non-polarity end of the next, and the star, in which all three non-polarities (or polarity) ends are connected together. The secondary windings are connected similarly. This means that a 3-phase transformer can have its primary and secondary windings connected the same (delta-delta or star-star), or differently (delta-star or star-delta). Its important to remember that the secondary voltage waveforms are in phase with the primary waveforms when the primary and secondary windings are connected the same way. This condition is called no phase shift. But when the primary and secondary windings are connected differently, the secondary voltage waveforms
3 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Transformer Winding
www.udeyraj.com Resistance tester. Automatic - 10 / 20 / 40 Amps
solar charge controller

www.epsolarpv.com Global supplier of solar charge controller from China, order now!
will differ from the corresponding primary voltage waveforms by 30 electrical degrees. This is called a 30 degree phase shift. When two transformers are connected in parallel, their phase shifts must be identical; if not, a short circuit will occur when the transformers are energized.
Easy way to learn PLC

festo-didactic.com/Easy-Port-USB
Basic Idea of Winding
An ac voltage applied to a coil will induce a voltage in a second coil where the two are linked by a magnetic EasyPort and free EasyVeep With any path. The phase relationship of the two voltages 24V PLC depends upon which ways round the coils are connected. The voltages will either be in-phase or displaced by 180 degree. When 3 coils are used in a 3 phase transformer winding a number of options exist. The coil voltages can be in phase or displaced as above with the coils connected in star or delta and, in the case of a star winding, have the star point (neutral) brought out to an external terminal or not.
Six Ways to wire Star Winding:
4 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Six Ways to wire Star Winding
Six Ways to wire Delta Winding:
5 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Six Ways to wire Delta Winding
Polarity
An AC voltage applied to a coil will induce a voltage in a second coil where the two are linked by a magnetic path. The phase relationship of the two voltages depends upon which way round the coils are connected. The voltages will either be in-phase or displaced by 180 deg. When 3 coils are used in a 3 phase transformer winding a number of options exist. The coil voltages can be in phase or displaced as above with the coils connected in star or delta and, in the case of a star winding, have the star point (neutral) brought out to an external terminal or not.
6 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Additive and substractive polarity of transformer
When Pair of Coil of Transformer have same direction than voltage induced in both coil are in same direction from one end to other end. When two coil have opposite winding direction than Voltage induced in both coil are in opposite direction.
Winding connection designations

First Symbol: for High Voltage: Always capital letters. D=Delta, S=Star, Z=Interconnected star, N=Neutral Second Symbol: for Low voltage: Always Small letters. d=Delta, s=Star, z=Interconnected star, n=Neutral. Third Symbol: Phase displacement expressed as the clock hour number (1,6,11) Example Dyn11 Transformer has a delta connected primary winding (D) a star connected secondary (y) with the star point brought out (n) and a phase shift of 30 deg leading (11). The point of confusion is occurring in notation in a step-up transformer. As the IEC60076-1 standard has stated, the notation is HV-LV in sequence. For example, a step-up transformer with a delta-connected primary, and star-connected secondary, is not written as dY11, but Yd11. The 11 indicates the LV winding leads the HV by 30 degrees. Transformers built to ANSI standards usually do not have the vector group shown on their nameplate and
7 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
instead a vector diagram is given to show the relationship between the primary and other windings.
Vector Group of Transformer

The three phase transformer windings can be connected several ways. Based on the windings connection, the vector group of the transformer is determined. The transformer vector group is indicated on the Name Plate of transformer by the manufacturer. The vector group indicates the phase difference between the primary and secondary sides, introduced due to that particular configuration of transformer windings connection. The Determination of vector group of transformers is very important before connecting two or more transformers in parallel. If two transformers of different vector groups are connected in parallel then phase difference exist between the secondary of the transformers and large circulating current flows between the two transformers which is very detrimental.
Phase Displacement between HV and LV Windings

The vector for the high voltage winding is taken as the reference vector. Displacement of the vectors of other windings from the reference vector, with anticlockwise rotation, is represented by the use of clock hour figure. IS: 2026 (Part 1V)-1977 gives 26 sets of connections star-star, star-delta, and star zigzag, delta-delta, delta star, delta-zigzag, zigzag star, zigzag-delta. Displacement of the low voltage winding vector varies from zero to -330 in steps of -30, depending on the method of connections. Hardly any power system adopts such a large variety of connections. Some of the commonly used connections with phase displacement of 0, -300, -180 and -330 (clock-hour setting 0, 1, 6 and 11). Symbol for the high voltage winding comes first, followed by the symbols of windings in diminishing sequence of voltage. For example a 220/66/11 kV Transformer connected star, star and delta and vectors of 66 and 11 kV windings having phase displacement of 0 and -330 with the reference (220 kV) vector will be represented As Yy0 Yd11. The digits (0, 1, 11 etc) relate to the phase displacement between the HV and LV windings using a clock face notation. The phasor representing the HV winding is taken as reference and set at 12 oclock. Phase rotation is always anti-clockwise. (International adopted). Use the hour indicator as the indicating phase displacement angle. Because there are 12 hours on a clock, and a circle consists out of 360, each hour represents 30.Thus 1 = 30, 2 = 60, 3 = 90, 6 = 180 and 12 = 0 or 360. The minute hand is set on 12 oclock and replaces the line to neutral voltage (sometimes imaginary) of the HV winding. This position is always the reference point. Example
8 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Digit 0 =0 that the LV phasor is in phase with the HV phasor Digit 1 =30 lagging (LV lags HV with 30) because rotation is anti-clockwise. Digit 11 = 330 lagging or 30 leading (LV leads HV with 30) Digit 5 = 150 lagging (LV lags HV with 150) Digit 6 = 180 lagging (LV lags HV with 180) When transformers are operated in parallel it is important that any phase shift is the same through each. Paralleling typically occurs when transformers are located at one site and connected to a common bus bar (banked) or located at different sites with the secondary terminals connected via distribution or transmission circuits consisting of cables and overhead lines. Phase Shift (Deg) 0 30 lag 60 lag 120 lag 150 lag 180 lag 150 lead 120 lead 60 lead 30 lead Connection Dd0 Dy1 Dd2 Dd4 Dy5 Dd6 Dy7 Dd8 Dd10 Dy11
Yy0 Yd1
Yd5 Yy6 Yd7
Yd11
Dz0 Yz1 Dz2 Dz4 Yz5 Dz6 Yz7 Dz8 Dz10 Yz11
The phase-bushings on a three phase transformer are marked either ABC, UVW or 123 (HV-side capital, LV-side small letters). Two winding, three phase transformers can be divided into four main categories Group Oclock TC Group I 0 oclock, 0 delta/delta, star/star Group II 6 oclock, 180 delta/delta, star/star Group III 1 oclock, -30 star/delta, delta/star Group IV 11 oclock, +30 star/delta, delta/star Minus indicates LV lagging HV, plus indicates LV leading HV
Clock Notation 0 (Phase Shift 0)
9 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Clock Notation 0 (Phase Shift 0)
Clock Notation 1 (Phase Shift -30)
10 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Clock Notation 4 (Phase Displacement -120)
11 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Clock Notation 6 (Phase Shift +180)
12 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
To be continued
Transformer
EEP recommends
13 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
An Overview of IEC 60076-10 Determination Of Sound Levels Of Power Transformers August 14, 2013
How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line June 10, 2013
Glossary of Power Transformer Terms June 5, 2013
Transformer temperature, oil level and pressure gauges June 3, 2013
TAGS delta, phase, phase displacement, star, transformer, transformers, vector group, voltage, winding FILLED UNDER CATEGORY Energy and Power Transformers
14 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
jiguparmar - ignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat University. He has more than 12 years experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution-Electrical Theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Projects (Planning-Designing-coordination-Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Assistant Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror", "Electrical India", "Lighting India", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS,NEC,IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics. Become EEP's Contributor and introduce yourself to 70k+ of our readers all across the web. RSS Feed for Comments
11 Comments
1.
rkkatrix Jul 25, 2013 simple and excellent great work jignesh !!!! Log in to Reply
Older CommentsLeave a Comment You must be logged in to post a comment. Login
RSS Feed for Comments
Subscribe to EE Downloads
Subscribe to FREE Download Updates:
15 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Download Free PC Software mobogenie.com/download-pc-software Download Free PC Manager Software. Easy File Transfer. Download Now ! Hammond Transformers www.tubesandmore.com Antique Electronic Supply Free shipping on orders over $99.00 5 Signs of Alzheimer's www.newsmax.com Doctor: 5 Warning Signs You're About to Get Alzheimer's Disease 10 Amp Solar Charger genasun.com 50% more power. Extra reliability. Made in the USA. 10A 140W Charger
Latest Technical Articles
Hey Tesla, get married, be happy and sleep onights! - AMERICAN ELECTRICIAN, July 1, 1896 August 24, 2013
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1) August 23, 2013
Drive Design in Electric Vehicles August 21, 2013
Engineering Trainings
16 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM
Advertisement Top EEPs Technical Writers Science at Glance

Our mission is to be the leading provider of scientific information in the field of power and engineering in general. We publish, we share and we spread the knowledge. You're welcome to read, write and contribute to EEP in any way!
Energy Efficency
We see the results of power usage all around us. Every day, the generation and usage of energy produces more pollution than any other single industry. It's our time to use energy on smart and more efficent way. EEP is on your side!
Electrical Software
Electrical design without appropriate software and tools is impossible to imagine. This section covers professional engineering software for design, MV and LV network and photometric calculations, voltage drop and short circuit calculations etc. 2013 EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy
Uninterruptible Power Supply Types
Powered by CsanyiGroup
Uninterruptible Power Supply In the electrical system environment, power disturbances will occur. These can be... Close Top
17 of 17
8/24/2013 6:08 PM

Vector Group of Transformer

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Vector Group of Transformer

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP

Electrical Engineering Power Substations (Protection) Relays Industry Automation

Home / Technical Articles / Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1)

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1)

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP

solar charge controller

Easy way to learn PLC

Basic Idea of Winding

Six Ways to wire Star Winding:

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP

Six Ways to wire Star Winding

Six Ways to wire Delta Winding:

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP

Six Ways to wire Delta Winding

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP

Additive and substractive polarity of transformer

Winding connection designations

Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (part 1) | EEP