CHEMISTRY 103 WORKSHEET #5 Chapter 4 (Part II) http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Prepared by Dr.

. Tony Jacob REDOX Assigning Oxidation Numbers 1. Elements = 0; 2. In a compound: Always: Group 1A = +1, Group 2A = +2, F = -1 Usually: H = +1, O = -2 3. Sum Rule: Sum of all the oxidation numbers = total charge on the compound Redox reaction occurs when oxidation numbers change in a reaction (combustion rxns are redox rxns) If rxn is an acid/base, precipitation, or gas-forming (from CO3-2 + acid, H+) its not a redox reaction
oxidation 0 reduction + oxidation number numberline

Oxidized = reducing agent; reduced = oxidizing agent (reactants only; no products) LEO (lose e- oxidized) the lion goes GER (gain e- reduction) TYPES OF REACTIONS Acid/Base (A/B): acid(aq) + base(aq) salt(aq) + H2O(l) Precipitation (ppt): MA(aq) + NB(aq) MB(aq) + NA(s) (2 aqueous solutions form a solid) Gas forming: [HCO3-(aq) or CO3-2(aq)] + H+(aq) H2CO3(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) Combustion: CxHy(Oz) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g) Redox: change in oxidation number MOLARITY Solute: The chemical that is dissolved into the solvent; Solvent: The liquid that the solute is dissolved into Solution: Solvent + Solute moles moles Molarity Calculations (1 chem; 1 conc): M = L moles = M x L L= M Dilution (1 chem; 2 conc): M1V1 = M2V2 (1 = initial, 2 = final; V2 = total volume = V1 + water added) Stoichiometry (2 chemicals): Neutralize, titrated, completely reacts both reactants run out
molarity A atoms or molecules A
1 mol = 6.022 x 10 23

molarity B atoms or molecules B

1 mol = 6.022 x 10 23

M = mol A/L

M = mol B/L

moles A
molar mass

Reaction or Formula

moles B
molar mass

grams A

grams B

1. Use the following balanced reaction to answer next 3 parts. 8S2- + 16NO3- + 32H+ 16NO2 + S8 + 16H2O I. What chemical species is oxidized? a. S-2 b. NO3e. H+

c. NO2

d. S8

II. What chemical species is the oxidizing agent? a. S-2 b. NO3c. NO2 III. How many electrons were transferred in the reaction? a. 1 b. 2 c. 8 2. Which of the following reactions are redox reactions?

d. S8 d. 16

e. H+

e. 32

I. 4Na(s) + O2(g) 2Na2O(aq) II. 2Bi(OH)3(s) + 3Sn(OH)3-(aq) + 3OH-(aq) 3Sn(OH)62-(aq) + 2Bi(s) III. Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + 2NaCl(aq) IV. H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) 2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq) a. III b. IV c. I and II d. I, II, III e. I, II, III, IV

3. What is the oxidation number of sulfur in aluminum thiosulfate, Al2(S2O3)3? a. -2 b. 0 c. +2 d. +4 4. What volume of 0.20M Na2CO3 solution contains 53g of Na2CO3? a. 2.5 L b. 0.40 L c. 0.50 L d. 1.6 L

e. +6

e. 2.0 L

5. You are asked to prepare 2.50L of a 0.15M NaCl solution from a 5.0M NaCl stock solution. What volume in ml of the 5.0M NaCl stock solution is needed? a. 75 ml b. 750 ml c. 300 ml d. 30 ml e. 500 ml

6. What is the concentration of a H3PO4 solution if 55.7ml of a 0.120M Ba(OH)2 solution was required to just neutralize 75.5ml of the H3PO4 solution? a. 0.00446M b. 0.00668M c. 0.0590M d. 0.0885M e. 0.120M

7. If 2.50g of Pb(NO3)2 is dissolved into water, how many milliliters of a 0.500M NaCl solution would be needed to completely react with the Pb(NO3)2? Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) a. 30.2 b. 15.1 c. 33.1 d. 10.0 e. 7.55

ANSWERS 1. I. a {S-2: S = -2; S8: S = 0; -2 0 oxidized} II. b III. d 2. c 3. c

{NO3-: N = +5; NO2: N = +4; +5 +4 reduced = oxidizing agent} {S: each S goes from -2 0 and loses 2e-; 2e-/S x 8S = 16e-; or using N: each N goes from +5 +4 and gains 1e-;

4. a 5. a {M1V1 = M2V2; V1 = M2V2/M1 = [(0.15 M)(2.5L)]/[5.0M] = 0.075 L x (1000ml/1L) = 75 ml} 6. c {Molarity A Molarity B; 0.0557L x 0.12M = 0.006684mol Ba(OH)2 x 2mol H3PO4/3mol Ba(OH)2 =

1e-/N x 16N = 16e-} {Redox rxn has a change in ox num: Rxn I. Na: 0 +1, O: 0 -2; Rxn II. Bi: +3 0, Sn: +2 +4} {Al has a charge of +3; so S2O3 has a charge of 2 S2O3-2; assign O = -2 and from sum rule S = +2; -2 = 3(O) + 2(S) = 3(-2) + 2(S); solve for S +2} {53g Na2CO3 x (1mol Na2CO3/106g Na2CO3) = 0.5mol Na2CO3; M = mol/L L = mol/M = 0.5mol/0.20M = 2.5L}

7.

0.004456mol H3PO4; [H3PO4] = mol/L = 0.004456mol/0.0755L = 0.05902M; ratio of Ba(OH)2 to H3PO4 either from looking at chemicals and comparing H+ to OH-, or by writing the reaction: 2H3PO4 + 3Ba(OH)2 Ba3(PO4)2 + 6H2O} a {Grams A Molarity B; 2.5g Pb(NO3)2 x (1mol Pb(NO3)2/331.2g Pb(NO3)2) x (2mol NaCl/1mol Pb(NO3)2) = 0.0151mol NaCl; M = mol/L solve for L; L = mol/M = 0.0151mol NaCl/0.500M NaCl = 0.0302L = 30.2mL}