PREMIUM Disruptive Tech For An Advanced Smart Grid May 2013 Smart Grid Insights Zpryme Research

SMART GRID INSIGHTS
MAY 2013
SMARTGRIDRESEARCH.ORG INTELLIGENT RESEARCH FOR AN INTELLIGENT MARKETTM
STANDARD PREMIUM
INTELLIGENCE BY ZPRYME | ZPRYME.COM 2013 ZPRYME RESEARCH & CONSULTING, LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ADVANCED SMART GRID
Table of Contents
Executive Summary .........................................................................2 Methodology .................................................................................. 2 Key Takeaways by the Numbers .................................................. 2 Estimated Global Market Value For Top 10 Disruptive Technologies by 2020..................................................................... 4 Recommendations and Opportunities ...........................................5 Nano Generation (nanogrids) .........................................................6 Key Players ....................................................................................... 6 Key Projects ..................................................................................... 6 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 7 Dynamic Energy Management .......................................................7 Key Players ....................................................................................... 8 Key Projects ..................................................................................... 8 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 8 Transactive Energy ......................................................................... 8 Key Projects ..................................................................................... 9 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 9 Grid Automation and Switching ......................................................9 Key Players ....................................................................................... 9 Major Projects.................................................................................. 9 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities ................................................ 9 Advanced Data Communications................................................10 Key Players ..................................................................................... 10 Major Projects................................................................................ 10 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 10 Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Super Grids ............................10 Key Players ..................................................................................... 10 Major Projects................................................................................ 11 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 11 Wireless Electricity (power)............................................................11 Key Players ..................................................................................... 11 Key Projects ................................................................................... 11 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 11
Battery Powered Homes ................................................................ 12 Key Players ..................................................................................... 12 Key Projects ................................................................................... 12 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 12 Ultra-fast EV Charging.................................................................... 13 Key Players ..................................................................................... 13 Key Projects ................................................................................... 13 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 13 Utility-Telco-cable-internet integration ........................................ 13 Key Players ..................................................................................... 13 Key Projects ................................................................................... 13 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 13 Digital Power Conversion .............................................................. 14 Key Players ..................................................................................... 14 Key Projects ................................................................................... 14 Application to Smart Grid/Utilities .............................................. 14 Disruptive Technology to Watch ................................................... 15 Drones ............................................................................................ 15 Augmented Reality ...................................................................... 15 Robotics ......................................................................................... 15 Artificial Intelligence ..................................................................... 16 3D Printing ...................................................................................... 16 Wearable Tech ............................................................................. 16 RFIDs................................................................................................ 16 LTE Advanced Beyond LTE ....................................................... 17 Gamification ................................................................................. 17 3D Holographic Projection/Computing .................................... 17 Lasers .............................................................................................. 18 Nanotechnology .......................................................................... 18 Superconductivity ........................................................................ 19 Quantum Computing .................................................................. 19 Zprymes Market Outlook .............................................................. 20
1 [PREMIUM] ZPRYME SMART GRID INSIGHTS Copyright 2013 Zpryme Research & Consulting, LLC All rights reserved.
Disruptive Technologies for the Advanced Smart Grid | May 2013 www.zpryme.com | www.smartgridresearch.org
Executive Summary
Led by major smart grid deployments currently taking place across the world, the grid will be primed for the deployment of disruptive technologies by 2020. Most of the technologies in this report are at the very early stages of development with respect to their adoption among utilities. However, some of them have the potential to revolutionize the entire electric industry as we know it today. To get there, billions of private, public, and corporate R&D dollars will be needed to decouple the centralized electric grids that exist today. In addition, a coordinated vision and coalition of likeminded entrepreneurs, engineers, scientists, governments and consumers will also be needed. The goal of this report, developed by Zprymes Smart Grid Insights Research Team and Smart Grid Advisory Board, is to provide insight into the emerging technologies that need to be further developed in order to build a more sustainable, agile, and eco-friendly grid. This report is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the technologies mentioned in this report. Methodology Zpryme utilized secondary research sources; other syndicated research reports, government smart grid plans and projects to assess the projected market value in 2020 for each of the top 10 ranked disruptive technologies. An online survey of 232 utility and smart grid professionals was conducted to identify which technologies were most likely to have the biggest impact on utilities and the electric grid. The survey was conducted in May of 2013.
Additionally, several of the key themes and technologies in this report were adapted from the book, The Advanced Smart Grid, authored by Andres Carvallo and John Cooper. 1 Key Takeaways by the Numbers Seventy-two percent of smart grid and utility executives identified nano-generation/nanogrids as the top disruptive technology to impact utilities and electrical systems in the next 10 years. Advanced grid automation and switching, advanced data communications, dynamic energy management, and ultra-high voltage transmission (Super Grids) were ranked second through fifth, respectively. Wireless electricity, ultra-fast EV charging, battery powered homes, utility-telco-cable-internet integration, and digital power conversion were ranked sixth through tenth, respectively. By 2020, the aggregate annual market value of the top 10 disruptive technologies is estimated to reach $60.7 billion. The technologies with the most potential, in terms of market value, are ultra-high voltage transmission (Super Grids), advanced grid automation and switching, advanced data communications, and dynamic energy management.
http://www.theadvancedsmartgrid.com/
Disruptive Technologies With the Most Potential to Impact Utilities/Electric Grid in Next 10 Years % of Respondents Who Selected Technology (they could choose up to 5 technologies)
figure 1, (source: Zpryme survey of 232 utility and smart grid professionals
Nano-generation/Nanogrids Grid Automation and Switching Advanced Data Communications Dynamic Energy Management Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Wireless Electricity (power) Ultra-Fast EV Charging Battery Powered Homes Utility-Telco-Cable-Internet Integration Digital Power Conversion
13% 12% 10% 9% 9% 7% 7% 6% 6% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 0%
72% 68% 43%
35%
24% 22% 19% 19% 18%
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence Superconductivity LTE Advanced Beyond LTE Nanotechnology Augmented Reality Gamification Drones Lasers Wearable Tech Quantum Computing
RFIDs
3D Printing
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Estimated Global Market Value For Top 10 Disruptive Technologies by 2020 For Smart Grid or Utility Related Applications
figure 2, (source: Zpryme estimate) Technology Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Super Grids Grid Automation and Switching Digital Power Conversion Advanced Data Communications (transmission to meter and DER) Dynamic Energy Management Wireless Electricity (power) Nano-Generation/Nano-Grids (Island power) Battery Powered Homes Utility-Telco-Cable-Internet Integration Ultra-Fast EV Charging Application to Smart Grid/Utilities Super Grids will enable full capture of remote renewable generation capacity, driving attainment of RPS and more efficient utility-scale solar and wind farms. They will also enable power to be delivered in remote or rural areas. Advanced Grid Automation and Switching will increase the overall reliability of the grid by reducing system down time and preventing outages using real-time diagnostic measures. Mass use of equipment that utilizes digital power conversion can advance efficiency gains which can significantly reduce overall energy demand and costs. Advanced Data Communications will allow grid operators and utilities to optimize millions of grid connected devices, across the electric grid. Such optimization will yield energy savings, reduce operating costs, and improve the overall efficiency of the grid. Dynamic Energy Management will enable the full realization of the value of demand side resources. Like the internet, wireless electricity holds the potential to revolutionize the entire electric industry. This will begin with small wireless power networks that power a small group of devices or vehicles, but eventually expand to power larger networks of devices. Tailored generation located next to the load it serves will reduce grid congestion and avoid grid expansion. When a large percentage of load can be scheduled (e.g., deferred), the entire grid business model will shift. Further, battery powered homes lessen residential dependency on the grid, especially in remote/rural areas, creating a big opportunity for storage and PV vendors. Smart Convergence of multiple infrastructures and services will enable economies of scale and Smart Cities. Smart grid will need scale and this type of consolidation is inevitable. Fast Charging will spur adoption of EV, increasing penetration, and will also enable EV to be used as a grid storage asset Cumulative Total (Market Value) Estimated Market Value by 2020 $20.0 billion $12.5 billion $10.0 billion $5.0 billion $4.0 billion $3.0 billion $2.2 billion $1.5 billion $1.5 billion $1.0 billion $60.7 billion
Recommendations and Opportunities

Recommendations 1. Vendors should identify areas where they can either develop disruptive technology for the smart grid or provide complimentary services to support the deployment of disruptive technology. As noted in figure 1, communications and networking will play a key role in connecting these technologies across a wide array of architectures, business models, platforms and user environments. 2. Utilities, vendors, universities, and governments should start to demonstrate or model the potential grid impacts some of these technologies could have upon their users and electric grids. 3. Policy makers across the world should begin to discuss regulatory environments and incentives that can help advance innovation and adoption of disruptive technology. 4. Vendors, entrepreneurs, and venture capitalists should set up open access collaboration projects where lessons learned can be shared across stakeholders without the fear of having intellectual property being stolen or copied.
Opportunities 1. Communications, analytics, software, and advanced simulation systems will be needed to accurately model and predict the impacts of such technologies on electrical systems, consumers, and communities. 2. The development and deployment of disruptive technologies will increase the ability of utilities and end users to deploy renewable generation systems (distributed and grid-connected). This will further drive down costs, making such systems more affordable to small businesses and residential customers. 3. The distributed power systems of the future, especially nanogrids, will require implementation expertise and an ecosystem of interoperable products, services, and software to ensure mass deployment. 4. Data storage will be another key opportunity as disruptive technology enables millions if not billions of end-points to deliver data, in real-time, to multiple stakeholders across disparate regions and communities. 5. Network security will also become increasingly important as grid assets become interconnected with communities, consumers, and buildings.
Nano Generation (nanogrids)

A nanogrid is a single voltage, reliability, price, and administrative domain, and can contain implementation details within it to enable interoperability with other grids. A key feature of nanogrids is their ability to be interconnected with each other, as well as implemented within microgrids, as well as, through the meter, connected to the macrogrid. Doing this requires interface standards that can be reliably implemented. Nanogrids are already common today, in the form of USB powered devices off a PC, Power over Ethernet distribution systems, and the electricity systems in cars and other vehicles. A nanogrid is a single domain for voltage, reliability, and administration. It must have at least one load (sink of power, which could be storage) and at least one gateway to the outside. Electricity storage may or may not be present. Electricity sources are not part of the nanogrid, but often a source will be connected only to a single nanogrid. Interfaces to other power entities are through gateways. Nanogrids implement power distribution only, not any functional aspects of devices. Components of a nanogrid are a controller, loads, storage (optional), and gateways. Key Players Altairnano Inc Optra Inc Frostdale Co., Ltd.
Key Projects Researchers from the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) are developing technology for nanogrids to manage the power for smart buildings. Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of South Florida are proposing the use of nanogrids. G24 Innovations (G24i) has signed a strategic development agreement with Texas Instruments to create a joint technology platform by combining G24i's solar cell technology with TI's nano-powered converter. Fifteen British businesses and seven universities are to share 5 million of government funding to enable them to research the use of novel nanoscale technologies to develop the next generation of solar energy harvesting. Nanogeneration - Devices such as Sony's Spin 'N' Snap camera and Push POWER Play device are also being developed. Renewable Energy Nanogrid with Electric Vehicle Energy Storage: This project is based on the idea that, as solar panels and wind energy become more common, individual houses can both produce and consume renewable energy. The homes can also become power brokers, storing energy in battery arrays or electric vehicles and then selling power back to the grid when it is needed. This single home
set-up is known as a nanogrida tiny version of the massive power grid structures that are so prevalent today. CPES Renewable Energy and Nanogrids (REN): The CPES mini-consortium program provides a unique forum for creating synergy among industries and defining new research directions to meet future industry needs. The formation of the mini-consortium allows CPES to pool resources and focus on developing pre-competitive technologies to address common challenges, and sharing the research results among mini-consortium members.
applied in developed countries as well, linking rooftop solar panels on a home through gateways to home appliances.3 Other potential applications include: Bring individual devices into grid context Improve the energy efficiency and operation ratio of cogeneration systems. If it uses a DC system instead of a general AC system, it can reduce energy loss of inverter because each generator does not need an inverter. Better integrate with mobile devices and buildings Coordinate only with immediately adjacent (directly attached) grids / devices No multi-hop routing of power Continue to provide a power supply when blackout occurs in the bulk power system.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities With wind, solar and other clean energy sources gaining popularity worldwide, engineers are seeking ways to make renewable energy systems more affordable and to integrate them with existing AC power grids. Much research focuses on distributed power systems and the concept of microgrids, in which multiple electrical generation sources, energy storage, and loads connect as a single point on the grid. Researchers from the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) are tackling the issue from what they call a nanogrid perspective. Less extensive than a microgrid, a nanogrid can be as small as the energy management system for an entire building. A nanogrid includes the generating source, in-house distribution, and energy storage functions and can be extended to multiple buildings2. Nanogrids could use all direct current power and thus eliminate the need for energy wasting conversions. The concept could be
2
Dynamic Energy Management

Dynamic Energy Management is an innovative approach to managing load at the demand-side. It incorporates the conventional energy use management principles represented in demand-side management, demand response, and distributed energy resource programs and merges them in an integrated framework that simultaneously addresses permanent energy savings, permanent demand reductions, and temporary peak load reductions. This is accomplished through a system comprising smart end-use devices and distributed energy resources with highly advanced controls and communications capabilities that enable dynamic management of the system as a whole. Dynamic Energy
http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4236507/Engineers-propose-nanogrids--smarterswitches
3
http://www.ece.vt.edu/news/ar11/nanogrids.php
Management is not simply a repackaging of energy efficiency, demand response, and distributed generation practices. It is a framework that brings together these three practices in a manner that yields a higher and more sustainable magnitude of improved efficiency, both at the customer site and for the utility grid in general4. Key Players Constellation- An Exelon Company Meniscus Uponor
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities Buildings can be equipped with smart energy efficient end-use devices, an energy management system, automated controls with data management capabilities, and distributed energy resources such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and other onsite generation and storage systems. Thus, energy efficient devices, controls, and demand response strategies are coupled with onsite energy sources to serve as an additional energy resource for the utility. Not only do all of these elements contribute to the utilitys supply-side by reducing building demand, the distributed energy resources can also feed excess power back to the grid5. Transactive Energy Transactive Energy is a business process for energy transactions. A Transaction is an exchange among parties of a product for a price. Transactive Energy is most useful in decentralized competitive electric energy markets, but it has applications in centralized dispatch, vertically integrated electric utilities, and microgrids.6 Transactive energy involves advanced techniques for managing the generation, consumption or flow of electric power within an electric power system through the use of economic or market based constructs while considering grid reliability constraints. The term "transactive" refers to making energy decisions based on economic value.7
Key Projects Low Energy COnsumption NETworks: The ECONET project aims at studying and exploiting dynamic adaptive technologies (based on standby and performance scaling capabilities) for wired network devices that allow saving energy when a device (or part of it) is not used. o o o o Duration: October 2010 September 2013 Funding scheme: IP Total Cost: 10.1 million EC Contribution: 6.1 million
Integrating Active, Flexible and Responsive Tertiary Prosumers into a Smart Distribution Grid.
http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdf
http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdf http://temix.net/images/Transactive_Energy_TeMIX_Abstract_-_Cazalet.pdf 7 http://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspx

5 6
Key Projects Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project: The project will validate new smart grid technologies and business models, provide two-way communication between distributed generation, storage, and demand assets and the existing grid infrastructure, quantify smart grid costs and benefits, and advance standards for interoperability. The cost of the project is estimated at approximately $178 million USD cost. 8 PowerMatching City II, Hoogkerk, Netherlands: In the PowerMatching City II pilot in Hoogkerk, the Netherlands, advanced smart grid technology is being tested and developed. This technology optimizes the energy use of consumers by automatically shifting local energy production of micro CHPs as well as energy demand of various devices like electric vehicles, washing machines and heat pumps.
Grid Automation and Switching

Grid automation and switching creates a transmission and distribution substation infrastructure and establishes priorities for management and operations. The technology allows for the more efficient fault isolation, diagnosis, and repairs. It is also an enabling technology for many other capabilities, including distributed intelligence and security. It also creates a single IP network from multiple control and monitoring systems. It allows the utility to incorporate self-healing capacities into the grid and to control many aspects of the substations from a central control and command center. Key Players Cisco Systems Siemens ComEd
Major Projects USA: CenterPoint Energy China: SGCC- multiple projects for overall automation Brazil and Latin America - ECLAC USA: Minnesota Power
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities Transactive energy distributes decision-making throughout the system. Devices can be programmed with the "price" they will respond to at different times and conditions. Then they can respond on their own when they see a value signal that matches. When done properly, distributed values incorporate prices and constraints across the system to achieve reliable results. No need for centralized intervention.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities There are several advantages of implementing smart grid substation automation and switching programs. First, reliability is increased as faults can be isolated and corrected immediately. In addition, employee costs are
http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/smart_grid/docs/PNW-SGDPflier.pdf
reduced as much of the maintenance and repairs can be performed remotely. Grid Automation also enables selfhealing and artificial intelligence. Because automation and switching also establish priorities, the most important parts of the smart grid can be a focal point, while others that are not as important to grid function, can be less of a priority. This creates a framework that will insure consistent power and reliability, which benefits all of the users of the energy system.
Switzerland: Basil, Switzerland with Ubitronix System Solutions and Echelon
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities The one piece of the energy grid that makes a smart grid possible is the data that is transmitted from the different devices to the energy system itself. Allowing the utility to control each individual device from a centralized location, identify any inefficiencies, and control a range of devices located next to sensors is a very important piece of the smart grid itself. Without the advanced data communications system, the smart grid would remain limited and individual employees would have to be disbursed to multiple locations to handle problems. In addition, advanced data communications technology enables other systems, such as geographic information systems, self-healing capabilities, and distributed generation.
Advanced Data Communications

Advanced data communications connects all devices in the transmission system, to the meter, to distributed energy resource (DER), to all grid sensors and the utility itself into one unified digital communication network. The rapidly growing field allows the utility to control all sensors and points of contact from the command and control center, as well as receive information from every device to insure the highest level of efficiencies, identify points of inefficiencies and take steps to correct any potential problems. Key Players Siemens Cisco Systems Alcatel-Lucent Itron
Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Super Grids

Ultra high voltage transmission lines take the energy generated at transmission facilities, at distributed locations, and other generation sites and transfers the typical A/C power into D/C power to move it long distances cross country without significant loss. Ultra-high voltage transmission lines can transmit up to 7 GW of energy. Key Players Siemens ABB Alstom
Major Projects China: Southern Power Grid Austria: Vienna, Austria with Kapsch and Echelon
Major Projects China: Yunnan-Guangdong UHF DC Project India: North-East Region to Agra Brazil: Belo Monte Dam USA: Prairie Wind Transmission
WiTricity Corp Fulton Innovation Powercast Corporation QUALCOMM Incorporated
Key Projects Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have made major advances in wireless power transfer for mass transit systems. The system, called On-line Electric Vehicles (OLEV), is already being tested around Korea. Qualcomm is currently marketing their HALO Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging systems. The system has the potential to revolutionize the EV and EV charging landscape. 9
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities The Super Grid and Ultra-High Voltage Transmission lines make it possible to connect disparate systems across a nation together without tremendous loss. China has made great progress in utilizing the UHV/Supergrid system to connect all utilities in the nation. Other BRICS nations will also benefit and will be able to connect areas that have never had consistent energy before. In developed nations and continents, the result will be more consistent service and higher quality energy.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities
Wireless Electricity (power)

Wireless power or wireless energy transmission is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without man-made conductors. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. Key Players ABB Bombardier Inc. CE4A Consumer Electronics for Automotive ConvenientPower HK Limited Dell
Wireless power technology holds the promise of eliminating the messy tangles of power cords and allowing almost any device to begin charging without first plugging in. The technology is enabling plug-free and, in many cases, contactless charging for a wide range of devices and machinery from military and medical devices to electric vehicles (EVs) to unmanned aircraft. Originating with simple inductive charging mechanisms that require a direct point of contact between charger (transmitter) and device (receiver), these systems have evolved to the point of providing an intelligence that will see devices becoming connected to the wider power infrastructure.
http://www.qualcommhalo.com/
Battery Powered Homes

Homegrown renewable energy has a problem; sources such as wind and solar are inconsistent since the sun doesn't shine all the time, and the wind doesn't always blow. To tackle this, researchers have been looking for a small, safe and compact in-home battery capable of storing excess power for use during the renewable doldrums. Moreover, battery capacity is a primary concern in home power systems. The storage battery bank must have enough storage capacity to meet power needs between charging cycles. Making sure the battery storage capacity is about double the power that would be used in a normal use day is a good minimum. Home power (deep cycle) batteries are generally measured in "amp-hour" capacity. One amp-hour is equal to one amp of current drawn for one hour of time. Amp-hour capacity is generally given as the "20 hour rate" of the battery. Key Players Toshiba (eneGoon and other battery systems) Panasonic Ceramatec, Inc. SolarCity
A startup called Seeo, backed by Vinod Khosla and Google.org, has created a safer lithium ion battery thats being trialled with a solar panel system developed by SunEdison. S&C Electric, based out of Chicago, launched a pilot project in 2012 to store solar energy using lithium-ion batteries. The projects is valued at 200,000. In 2010, PowerHub Systems' Community Energy Storage (CES) technology was selected to provide renewable energy storage for a Department of Energy funded pilot program with the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). SMUD was awarded $4.3 million from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct the two-year pilot project.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities Local storage of energy at home takes a lot of the pressure off power companies to continue to produce all the power required. Instead the current energy grid would eventually become the backup power source rather than the primary one. In the long run that saves a lot of money for governments who would need to invest very heavily to keep pushing up energy production as populations grow. The other benefit of local battery storage is that individual households can choose the level of green energy investment they make. As is usually the case it all comes down to cost and solar energy especially is still too expensive for a lot of people to consider. However,
Key Projects Tesla and SolarCity have submitted at least 70 applications for projects to attempt to receive rebates from the California Public Utility Commissions Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP), which provides incentives for distributed energy generation.
according to industry experts, if a cheap battery solution exists then the price of the other required components will come down too.
Utility-Telco-cable-internet integration
Integration of all utility services, including utility, telecommunications, cable, and internet services, through one provider. For the utility, this allows the integration of different types of communication abilities, creating a customized energy platform. Because all assets are consolidated, the firm is able to create new efficiencies based on the strengths of each individual division and streamline operations. Key Players Nine Star Connect Nushagek Cooperative Arrowhead Electric Cooperative
Ultra-fast EV Charging
The Ultra-fast EV charging technology reduces the typical 8 hour charging time of EV vehicles connected to a home's energy system to as little as 30 minutes currently, with goals of completely charging a car in 5 minutes. Key Players Hydro-Quebec Proterra GE
Key Projects Gateshead College Honolulu, Hawaii Ko Olina Resort O'hau Hawaii Hungary
Key Projects MLMW Smart Grid Demonstration TM Forum
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities One of the main obstacles into widespread EV deployment has been the extensive charging times needed to fully charge the vehicle. Ultra-high EV charging technology will speed the integration of EVs, and create new opportunities in the smart grid, even in other areas where EV can assist in supporting the grid, such as energy storage, load shifting, and providing emergency cycling support.
Application to Smart Grid/Utilities The integration of utility, telecommunications, cable and internet into one provider will provide consolidation of services for consumers. Since the smart grid utilizes these services (wireless communication, cable based communication, and IP based communication) it will expand its communication choices. The collaboration of assets and resources will result in a more robust firm and will build on the strengths of the industries.
Digital Power Conversion

Digital power conversion is a power system that is controlled by digital circuits, in much the same way as would be with analog circuits, to monitor, supervise, communicate and control looping. A fully digitally controlled power system includes both digital control and digital power management. Control loops provide the mechanism by which to regulate the output of the power supply, usually through pulse width modulation of a power switch. Power management techniques provide the ability to monitor temperature, provide overcurrent protection, and supply sequencing. Key Players Texas Instruments Incorporated Infineon Technologies AG Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Microchip Technology Inc. Cirasys Microchip Intersil Maxim Integrated Analog Devices Linear Technology Envitech Others include Accent, NXP, Cirrus Logic
captures the braking energy of its trains on the Market-Frankford Line and will integrate that power into the regional electric grid. Application to Smart Grid/Utilities Digital power supplies are more efficient over a wider range of loads. This increase in efficiency reduces system cost and complexity. The reduction in discreet components not only reduces cost but also reduces environmental impact at the end-of-life cycle of the product by reducing waste. Increased system efficiency lowers system energy loss which is converted into heat. This translates into smaller heat sinks and fans. Higher system efficiency reduces operational costs of the end product and its applications. For example, server farms with high efficiency digital power supplies require less cooling and lower operational costs.
Key Projects The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) in 2012 unveiled its recycled energy and optimization project. The pilot project
Disruptive Technology to Watch

Drones Unmanned Aircraft Systems come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and serve diverse purposes. They may have a wingspan as large as a Boeing 737 or smaller than a radiocontrolled model airplane. UAS operations always have a pilot in command who is flying the aircraft. Can be used effectively to assess storm damage on utility distribution systems and help utilities shorten their outage response times. Technologies like ""Gorgon Stare"" (Gorgon Stare is a video capture technology developed by the United States military) could be used to manage the physical security of critical infrastructure such as power plants and transformers without the need for deployment of physical smart grid assets "on site". Augmented Reality Augmented reality (AR) is a live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. Augmentation is conventionally in real-time and in semantic context with environmental elements, such as sports scores on TV during a match. With the help of advanced AR technology (e.g. adding computer vision and object recognition) the information about the surrounding real world of the user becomes interactive and digitally manipulative. Artificial information about the environment and its objects can be overlaid on the real world.
A Field Force Data Visualization application for mobile devices allows utility field technicians to use augmented reality to detect information on power systems they are viewing through their tablet or smart phone. The app combines the functionality of geospatial information systems, outage management systems, work management systems, and asset management. Robotics Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior, and/or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics. In the future, robotics may be used to make smart meters, inspect and assess street light efficiency, patrol energized transmission lines, and spot broken strands. Further, robots could install compression splices where needed, replacing the costly three-person team of a high wire lineman, a helicopter pilot, and a ground coordinator. Other applications might include underwater robots to swage tubes and splice cables.
Artificial Intelligence The term "Artificial Intelligence" is used to describe research into human-made systems that possess some of the essential properties of life. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines or software, and is also a branch of computer science that studies and develops intelligent machines and software. Major AI researchers and textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents", where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. AI techniques play an important role in system modeling, control, fault analysis and operation scheduling of power and energy systems. These techniques comprise areas such as artificial neural network, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimizations, fuzzy logic, and various hybrid systems. 3D Printing Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes. 3D printing is considered distinct from traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling (subtractive processes). The Department of Energy estimated that 3-D printing can reduce energy costs by 50 percent and cut material costs by 90 percent. According to Skip Laitner, an economist
who focuses on energy efficiency, "This has the potential to revolutionize the way we make everything -- and the implications for energy use are large." Indeed, that shift in from traditional manufacturing could also have a positive impact on emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Wearable Tech Wearable technology, tech togs, or fashion electronics are clothing and accessories incorporating computer and advanced electronic technologies. The designs often incorporate practical functions and features, but may also have a purely critical or aesthetic agenda. For utilities, the applications of wearble technology such as Google Glass could extend from field workers to executive management. For example, a field worker could use the technology to diagnose, repair, and test advanced substation equipment without the need to bring in or wait on third party engineers to address major equipment issues. Or, executives could use such technology to conduct high-level meetings while they travel, whether they are at the beach, an airport, or in a cab. RFIDs Certain smart grid system applications can be supported by radio frequency identification devices (RFID) tags. RFID tags are already in use in most retail purchases to track the identification, location, and product specifics, such as price, date of purchase, etc. In an RFID system, an object is equipped with a tag which contains a digital memory chip that is given a unique electronic code. The RFID
reader can read and write data to the RFID tag by emitting a signal to activate the RFID tag. There is no global body governing the use of frequencies for RFID. Low frequency systems (30 kHz 500 kHz) have short transmission ranges, less than 6 feet. High frequency systems (850 MHz-950 MHz and 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz) have longer transmission ranges, more than 90 feet. In the smart grid environment, RFID can be used to track smart meters for asset management, as well as track distributed energy resources' or appliances' identifiable information. For example, to track battery charging information, i.e. amount of life remaining, date, time, location of last recharge, etc; and to track PHEV charging information, i.e. location the PHEV was recharged as well as how long it was connected to the power source. LTE Advanced Beyond LTE "LTE Advanced is a mobile communication standard. It is standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a major enhancement of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. The technology received its first commercial implementation in October 2012 by Russian network Yota. The LTE Advanced is targeted to fulfill or even surpass all the requirements of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced), which is an official definition of 4G made by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2008. These requirements include peak data rates, peak spectral efficiency, cell spectral efficiency, and scalable bandwidth. The key features of the LTE Advanced differentiated from the LTE include support for wider bandwidth, improved uplink performance, better energy efficiency, advanced multi-
antenna technology, advanced management, and self-organizing network.
interference
A massive growth of Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, devices and traffic is expected to support smart grid, transport, logistics, ehealth, energy, safety applications etc. Therefore, the LTE radio interface shall be prepared to efficiently support the massive transfer of small, infrequent packets using very low cost, low complexity and low power devices. Furthermore, smart meters, gather utility usage information from electrical appliances and send the information to the M2M server at the utility provider for analysis by communicating directly through LTE-Advanced. Gamification The application of game and game design elements, such as goals, achievements, and statuses, to non-game situations, such as businesses or to the smart grid. The largest benefit to utilities will be found in consumer engagement. Gamification will encourage conservation efforts, through giving incentives in settings such as social media. Few projects have evaluated the potential of gamification to the smart grid market, but the ones completed have reduced consumption over 30%. As more results like this are observed, gamification is likely to take off in the smart grid marketplace. 3D Holographic Projection/Computing Technology that enables three-dimensional images using lasers, diffraction, light intensity recording, suitable
illumination, and interference. The image changes position and illumination as if the actual object were present. Recent improvements have enabled 3D holographic data storage. There are a few different potential applications of 3-d holograms in smart grid tech. The first advancements are in data storage and security. Holographic technology can increase security protocols and offer a more compact way to store information. In addition, as GE's holographic demonstration proves, customer engagement and education can also be improved, as can modeling to show problem areas and potentials, especially with proper planning and cameras added to key locations. This can enable remote diagnosis of problems. Lasers Light Amplification by the Simulated Emission of Radiationcreates a focused beam of light. Lasers can either be focused on key areas of the smart grid that need monitoring (ex: temperature sensors) or transmitted along fiber optic lines. There are many potential applications for lasers in the Smart Grid. Lasers provide the ability to create precision equipment. In addition, lasers enable fiber optic communication. Lasers also provide an additional layer of security, safeguarding confidential and privileged information. As the lasers become more specialized throughout the market, new solutions for incorporating them into the Smart Grid will be seen.
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.10 Listed below are just four potential applications that nanotechnology is already being harnessed to build a cleaner and more energy efficient electric grid. Prototype solar panels incorporating nanotechnology are more efficient than standard designs in converting sunlight to electricity, promising inexpensive solar power in the future. Nanostructured solar cells already are cheaper to manufacture and easier to install, since they can use print-like manufacturing processes and can be made in flexible rolls rather than discrete panels. Newer research suggests that future solar converters might even be paintable. Researchers are developing wires containing carbon nanotubes that have much lower resistance than the high-tension wires currently used in the grid and thus reduce transmission power loss. Energy efficiency products are increasing in number and kinds of application. In addition to those noted above, they include more efficient lighting systems for vastly reduced energy consumption for
10
http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition
illumination; lighter and stronger vehicle chassis materials for the transportation sector; lower energy consumption in advanced electronics; low-friction nano-engineered lubricants for all kinds of higherefficiency machine gears, pumps, and fans; lightresponsive smart coatings for glass to complement alternative heating/cooling schemes; and high-lightintensity, fast-recharging lanterns for emergency crews.11 Superconductivity Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with practically zero resistance. This produces interesting and potentially useful effects. For a material to behave as a superconductor, low temperatures are required.12 Superconductors have been employed in, or proposed for use in, an enormous variety of applications. Examples include high-speed magneticlevitation trains, magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) equipment, ultra-high-speed computer chips, highcapacity digital memory chips, alternative energy storage systems, radio-frequency ( RF ) filters, radio-frequency amplifiers, sensitive visible-light and infrared detectors, miniaturized wireless transmitting antennas, systems to detect submarines and underwater mines, and gyroscopes for earth-orbiting satellites.13 High-temperature superconductors offer many advantages over conventional copper wires. They can carry five to twenty times more current in the same unit area while reducing the amount of energy lost as heat by
http://www.nano.gov/you/nanotechnology-benefits http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/superconductivity 13 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/superconductivity
11 12
75-97%, even after accounting for all the nitrogen-cooling paraphernalia. In the long term many in the industry are looking to the renewable-energy sector as a source of demand for superconducting wires. Most wind and solar power will be generated in remote places far from where it is consumed. As these sources of power spread, which they are likely to given global commitments to cutting carbon emissions, electricity losses will need to be minimized as they are carried over vast distances. Quantum Computing Quantum computing is the area of study focused on developing computer technology based on the principles of quantum theory, which explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum (atomic and subatomic) level. Development of a quantum computer, if practical, would mark a leap forward in computing capability far greater than that from the abacus to a modern day supercomputer, with performance gains in the billion-fold realm and beyond. The quantum computer, following the laws of quantum physics, would gain enormous processing power through the ability to be in multiple states, and to perform tasks using all possible permutations simultaneously.14 In turn, such processing power could potentially be used to dynamically optimize millions of grid connected devices, in real-time, to reduce peak demand and ensure the successful integration of significant quantities of renewable energy sources.
14
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/quantum-computing
Zprymes Market Outlook

The disruptive technologies mentioned in this report are all at different stages of development with respect to their adoption among utilities. However, some of them, especially those that ranked among the top 10 by executives, have the potential to dynamically change the entire electric industry as we know it today. Between 2013 and 2020, the smart grid and utility landscape will see significant changes, but most importantly, by 2020, the industry will be primed to deploy many of the technologies mentioned in this report. Many players will enter and exit the market by 2020, but the free market will eventually yield cutting edge solutions and technology that is best fit to advance our electrical systems and society beyond 2020. In conclusion, billions of private investment, government investment, and corporate R&D dollars will be needed to decouple the centralized electric grids that exist today. In addition, a coordinated vision and coalition of likeminded entrepreneurs, engineers, scientists, governments and consumers must also take the lead in building a more sustainable, agile, and eco-friendly grid. Companies and stakeholders who can seize and prepare for this moment today will be able to yield the spoils of the grid of the future.
About Zpryme Smart Grid Insights:

Zpryme-powered Smart Grid Insights Publication, Practice and Advisory Board help organizations understand their business environment, engage consumers, inspire innovation, and take action. Zpryme Smart Grid Insights represents an evolution beyond traditional market research and consulting: combining sound fundamentals, innovative tools and methodologies, industry experience, and creative marketing savvy to supercharge clients success. At Zpryme, we dont produce tables and charts; we deliver opportunity-focused, actionable insight that is both engaging and easy-to-digest. For more information regarding our custom research, visit: www.zpryme.com. Zpryme Smart Grid Insights Contact: smart.grid@zpryme.com | +1 888.ZPRYME.1 (+1 888.977.9631) www.smartgridresearch.org (Zpryme Smart Grid Insights)
Zpryme Credits:
Managing Editor Jon Arnold* Sr. Research Analysts Paula Smith Megan Dean Research Lead Stefan Trifonov
*Jon Arnold is also a member of Zprymes Smart Grid Advisory Board.
Disclaimer:
These materials and the information contained herein are provided by Zpryme Research & Consulting, LLC and are intended to provide general information on a particular subject or subjects and is not an exhaustive treatment of such subject(s). Accordingly, the information in these materials is not intended to constitute accounting, tax, legal, investment, consulting or other professional advice or services. The information is not intended to be relied upon as the sole basis for any decision which may affect you or your business. Before making any decision or taking any action that might affect your personal finances or business, you should consult a qualified professional adviser. These materials and the information contained herein is provided as is, and Zpryme Research & Consulting, LLC makes no express or implied representations or warranties regarding these materials and the information herein. Without limiting the foregoing, Zpryme Research & Consulting, LLC does not warrant that the materials or information contained herein will be error-free or will meet any particular criteria of performance or quality. Zpryme Research & Consulting, LLC expressly disclaims all implied warranties, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, title, fitness for a particular purpose, noninfringement, compatibility, security, and accuracy. Prediction of future events is inherently subject to both known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to vary materially. Your use of these and the information contained herein is at your own risk and you assume full responsibility and risk of loss resulting from the use thereof. Zpryme Research & Consulting, LLC will not be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential, or punitive damages or any other damages whatsoever, whether in an action of contract, statute, tort (including, without limitation, negligence), or otherwise, relating to the use of these materials and the information contained herein.
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SMART GRID INSIGHTS

DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ADVANCED SMART GRID

72% 68% 43%

Recommendations and Opportunities

Nano Generation (nanogrids)

Dynamic Energy Management

http://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2008/data/papers/10_559.pdf http://temix.net/images/Transactive_Energy_TeMIX_Abstract_-_Cazalet.pdf 7 http://www.gridwiseac.org/about/transactive_energy.aspx

Grid Automation and Switching

Switzerland: Basil, Switzerland with Ubitronix System Solutions and Echelon

Advanced Data Communications

Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Super Grids

WiTricity Corp Fulton Innovation Powercast Corporation QUALCOMM Incorporated

Application to Smart Grid/Utilities

Wireless Electricity (power)

Battery Powered Homes

Key Projects MLMW Smart Grid Demonstration TM Forum

Digital Power Conversion

Disruptive Technology to Watch

antenna technology, advanced management, and self-organizing network.

Zprymes Market Outlook

About Zpryme Smart Grid Insights:

*Jon Arnold is also a member of Zprymes Smart Grid Advisory Board.

SMART GRID INSIGHTS

INTELLIGENT RESEARCH FOR AN INTELLIGENT MARKET

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