COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN – CALAMBA

EE124 / EE124L
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
4EE

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK

NAME DIAZ, JOHN BINZENN B.

DATE PERFORMED JANUARY 30, 2009

DATE SUBMITTED FEBRUARY 6, 2009

ENGR. REYNALDO B. NATIVIDAD

I. Objectives:

• To study the different methods of connecting three single-phase transformers to

form a three phase transformer bank that can be used for three phase voltage
transformation.

II. Theory:

Three-phase transformation of voltages is accomplished by using two or three

single phase transformers or by using a single three phase transformer designed for this
purposed. Such a connection of three single phase transformers is called a three phase
transformer bank.

Compared to a transformer bank, a single three-phase transformer requires

smaller space, weight, and cost for a given output. However, when a fault occurs in one
phase of the 3Φ transformer, the whole 3Φ transformer is taken out of service. Thus, the
reliability of service is affected. Using a single 3Φ transformer means greater cost
because a unit must be on standby.

Three single-phase transformers are therefore used to avoid the disadvantages in

the use of a single 3Φ transformer. In connecting three single-phase transformers for
three-phase operation, the polarity of the transformers should be taken into consideration.
Furthermore, their impedance and voltage characteristics must be similar for satisfactory
operation.

The four most common three-phase connection of three 1Φ transformers to form a

3Φ transformer bank are:
1. wye to wye
2. wye to delta
3. delta to delta
4. delta to wye
Figure A. Wye to Wye Connection of Three 1Φ Transformers

Figure B. Wye to Delta Connection of Three 1Φ Transformers

Figure C. Delta to Delta Connection of Three 1Φ Transformers

Figure D. Delta to Wye Connection of Three 1Φ Transformers

The ratio in which the voltage is transformed depends on two factors:
1. the ratio of transformation of each single-phase transformer; and
2. the manner of connection.

If the connection of the primaries is the same as the connection of the secondaries,
as in the wye to wye and delta to delta connections, the voltage transformed is dependent
only on the transformation ratio of the transformers. For example, if in Fig. A there are
100 volts between line terminals on the high-tension side, each transformer has a primary
voltage of 10/√3 =57.7 volts. If the transformation ratio of each 1Φ transformer is 10,
then the voltage in the secondary winding of each 1Φ transformer is 5.77 volts, resulting
in 5.77 x √3 = 10 volts between the low tension lines. In Fig. C, if the 100 volts exist in
the high tension lines, the primary voltage is also 10 volts. For a transformation ratio of
10, the secondary winding voltage is 10 volts and this is also the voltage in the low
tension lines.

In Fig, B, with 100 volts between high tension lines, each primary winding has
57.7 volts and 5.77 volts exist in each secondary winding. The voltage in the low tension
lines is also 5.77 volts. This will make the transformation n ratio of the entire 3Φ system
1.732 times the ratio of transformation of each 1Φ transformer.

Open Delta or V-Connection

Open Delta or V-Connection gives a balanced 3Φ voltage, but only two 1Φ

transformers are used. If this connection is obtained from an existing delta to delta
connection and for the same transformer load, the current in each transformer will
increase from the previous current to the line current existing before the delta to delta
connection is opened. The secondary current in the open delta is equal to 1.732 times the
secondary current in the complete delta to delta connection. If the transformers were fully
loaded in the complete delta to delta connection, the load must be reduced by a factor of
1/1.732 or 0.578 in the open delta; otherwise, the transformers would overload. This
connection is used when one transformer of the delta to delta connection is damaged or
when supplying a small amount of 3Φ power.

Figure E. Open Delta Connection of Two 1Φ Transformers

Scott or T-Connection

Scott or T-Connection is similar to the open delta connection in that only two 1Φ
transformers are needed. One transformer must have a mid-tap point, while the other
transformer must have a 0.866 tap. The transformer with the mid tap point called the
main transformer is connected across two lines, while the second transformer called the
teaser transformer is connected to the mid-tap point of the first transformer and the third
line. Identical transformers are generally used for this connection and the transformers
may be interchanged if both have mid-taps and 0.866 taps.

Electric utility companies utilize the “main” transformer for supplying single
phase loads, while a smaller transformer is used as ‘teaser” transformer for supplying
customers requiring a three phase supply. The Scott connection may also be used to
transform 3Φ voltage to 2Φ voltage. If the 3Φ voltage is applied to the side of the
windings with the taps, the other windings will be a source of 2Φ voltages.

Figure F. Scott Connection of Two 1Φ Transformers

III. Instruments and Apparatus

• Three 1Φ transformers(must be similar)

• AC Voltmeter(Digital)
• Connecting Wires

IV. Procedure

Caution: High voltages are present in this laboratory experiment! Do not make
any connections with the power on. The power should be turned off after completing each
individual measurement.
With due regard to the polarity marks of the transformers, do the following
connections:

Run I. Wye to Wye Connection

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. G.

2. Turn on the power breaker and the power supply module.
3. Measure the line and phase voltages on both sides of the 3Φ transformer bank and
record them in Table A.
4. Turn off the switch of the power supply module.
5. Using the measured line and phase voltages on the primary side of the transformer
bank, calculate the expected values of the line and phase voltages on the
secondary side of the transformer bank. Record the calculated values in Table A.
6. Compute for the percent difference between the measured and computed values of
the line and phase voltages on the secondary side of the 3Φ transformer bank.
Record them in Table A.
Run II. Wye to Delta

7. Without changing the connection of the primaries of the three 1Φ-transformers in

Run I, with reference to Fig.H, reconnect their secondaries in delta.
8. Turn on the switch of the power supply module.
9. Measure the line and phase voltages on both sides of the 3Φ transformer bank and
record them in Table B.
10. Turn off the switch of the power supply module.
11. Using the measured line and phase voltages on the primary side of the transformer
bank, calculate the expected values of the line and phase voltages on the
secondary side of the transformer bank. Record the calculated values in Table B.
12. Compute for the percent difference between the measured and computed values of
the line and phase voltages on the secondary side of the 3Φ transformer bank.
Record them in Table B.

Run III. Delta to Delta

13. Without changing the connection of the secondaries of the three 1Φ-transformers
in Run II, with reference to Fig. I, reconnect their primaries of the three 1Φ-
transformers in delta.
14. Turn on the switch of the power supply module.
15. Measure the line and phase voltages on both sides of the 3Φ transformer bank and
record them in Table C.
16. Turn off the switch of the power supply module.
17. Using the measured line and phase voltages on the primary side of the transformer
bank, calculate the expected values of the line and phase voltages on the
secondary side of the transformer bank. Record the calculated values in Table C.
18. Compute for the percent difference between the measured and computed values of
the line and phase voltages on the secondary side of the 3Φ transformer bank.
Record them in Table C.
RUN IV. Delta To Wye Connection

19. Without changing the connection of the primaries of the three 1Φ-transformers in
Run III, with reference to Fig. J as shown below, reconnect their secondaries of
the three 1Φ-transformers in wye.
20. Turn on the switch of the power supply module.
21. Measure the line and phase voltages on both sides of the 3Φ transformer bank and
record them in Table D.
22. Turn off the switch of the power supply module.
23. Using the measured line and phase voltages on the primary side of the transformer
bank, calculate the expected values of the line and phase voltages on the
secondary side of the transformer bank. Record the calculated values in Table D.
24. Compute for the percent difference between the measured and computed values of
the line and phase voltages on the secondary side of the 3Φ transformer bank.
Record them in Table D.

RUN V. Open Delta Connectin (V-V Connection)

25. Referring to Fig. K as shown on the opposite, connect the primaries and
secondaries of the two 1Φ transformers to form an open delta connection.
26. Turn on the switch of the power supply module.
27. Measure the line and phase voltages on both sides of the 3Φ transformer bank and
record them in Table E.
28. Turn off the switch of the power supply module.
 V. Data and Result:

Table A. Y to Y Connection
Primary Secondary Secondary % DIFF
Measured value Measured value Computed value
VAB VAN Vab Van Vab Van Vab Van
105V 0V 45V 0V 110V 63.51V 59.09% 100%
VBC VBN Vbc Vbn Vbc Vbn Vbc Vbn
225V 105 100V 45V 110V 63.51V 59.09% 100%
VCA VCN Vca Vcn Vca Vcn Vca Vcn
125V 125V 55V 55V 110V 63.51V 59.09% 100%

Table B. Y to Delta Connection

Primary Secondary Secondary % DIFF
Measured value Measured value Computed value
VAB VAN Vab Vab Vab
112.5V 0V 50V 110V 54.55%
VBC VBN Vbc Vbc Vbc
227V 115V 50V 110V 54.55%
VCA VCN Vca Vca Vca
115V 110V 50V 110V 54.55%

Table C. Delta to Delta Connection

Primary Secondary Secondary % DIFF
Measured value Measured value Computed value
 VAB Vab Vab Vab
100V 55V 110V 50%
VBC Vbc Vbc Vbc
225V 45V 110V 59.09%
VCA Vca Vca Vca
130V 100V 110V 10%

Table D. Delta to Y Connection

Primary Secondary Secondary % DIFF
Measured value Measured value Computed value
VAB Vab Van Vab Van Vab Van
100V 145V 45V 110V 63.51V 24.14% 29.15%
VBC Vbc Vbn Vbc Vbn Vbc Vbn
225V 155V 100V 110V 63.51V 29.03% 9.09%
VCA Vca Vcn Vca Vcn Vca Vcn
125V 15V 55V 110V 63.51V 86.36% 50%

Table E. Open Delta (V-V) Connection

Primary Secondary
Measured value Measured value
VAB Vab
0V 0V
VBC Vbc
226V 100V
VCA Vca
226V 100V

VI. Observations:
The Experiment makes me aware that if a wrong connection was made during
the experiment there is a tendency that an accident will occurs. Being alert and
preventive must be considered in performing this experiment. There is a large voltage
that can be harmful to us so horse playing must be avoided. Also we don’t get any
 credible result that will make our data close to the original values maybe the
transformers capability downgrade that’s why we get a high percent difference.

VII. Conclusions:
The experiment performed acknowledges me to determine the different
methods of connecting three phase transformers to form a 3Φ transformer bank. It
also makes me knowledgeable of designing a circuit connection using transformer.
This experiment also broadens my understanding for three phase voltage
transformation.

VIII. Questions:

1. Compare the result of the delta-delta and open-delta connection. Is there a

difference between the line and phase voltage of the two systems?
2. Is the VA rating of the delta-delta configuration the same as the VA rating of the
open-delta configuration? Explain.
3. If the current rating of each winding is increased, could the open-delta
configuration work as well as the delta-delta configuration? Explain.
4. If each transformer has a capacity of 60KVA, what total power can be obtained in
each of the five types of configuration; i.e., for:
a) Wye-wye
b) Wye-delta
c) Delta-delta
d) Delta-wye
e) Open-delta

IX. Answers:

1.
Table C. Delta to Delta Connection
 Primary Secondary
Measured value Measured value
VAB Vab
100V 55V
VBC Vbc
225V 45V
VCA Vca
130V 100V

Table E. Open Delta (V-V) Connection

Primary Secondary
Measured value Measured value
VAB Vab
0V 0V
VBC Vbc
226V 100V
VCA Vca
226V 100V

Yes, there is a difference between line and phase voltage of the two systems. Some data
get the same result their secondary Vca is the same but the majority of the line and phase
voltage that we get doesn’t match to one another.

2. No, the VA rating of an open delta connection is only 58% of the rating in a delta to
delta connected transformer because open delta used as substitution to some
circumstances that interferes such as damaging one of the transformers of delta to delta
when supplying 3Φ power.
3. No, if the current rating of each winding is increased, the secondary current in the open
delta is equal to 1.732 times the secondary current in the complete delta to delta
connection. If the transformer were fully loaded in the complete delta to delta connection,
the load must be reduced by a factor of 1/1.732 or 0.578 in the open delta configuration.

4.