Factors Influencing Nutritional Requirements[edit source | editbeta] Differing conditions and objectives suggest the need for athletes

to ensure that their sports nutritional approach is appropriate for their situation. Factors that may affect an athlete's nutritional needs include type of activity (aerobic vs. anaerobic), gender, weight, height, body mass index, workout or activity stage (pre-workout, intra-workout, recovery), and time of day (e.g. some nutrients are utilized by the body more effectively during sleep than while awake). Most culprits that get in the way of performance are fatigue, injury and soreness.
INTRODUCTION

Nutrition is a critical part of an athletes life. The choices you make every day about what and how much to eat are amplified when those choices directly impact sport performance, training, and recovery.Food is not only a means for energy, but it also provides the body with vital nutrients to carry out specific and important tasks, such as temperature regulation and bone maintenance. Nutrition is a key factor in creating a healthy and strong body; there are six essential nutrient categories to keep in mind when preparing a balanced diet Klean Multivitamin This is the starting line. Vitamins and minerals play a vital role for those of us who compete from metabolizing fats and carbs, to providing fuel during training and races, to utilizing protein to restore muscle afterward.Containing a fruit and vegetable blend, Klean Multivitamin is specially formulated for the unique needs of athletes. Unlike many multivitamins that have too much magnesium and calcium, Klean gives your body the optimum balance of ingredients to stay healthy throughout your training. Bottom line? Optimal health and performance start here. ______________________________________________________________________________ Ingredient Functions: Vitamin D3 1000 IU - Hormone regulation and immune support. Methylated B vitamins - Ensure utilization by the body for energy and methylation. Carotenoids - Lutein, Lycopene, Zeaxanthin, Astaxanthin- important antioxidants for vision, prostate, inflammatory and immune support. Fruit and spinach extracts - Provide powerful antioxidant support for reducing free radical damage. Pterostilbene - Methylated Resveratrol for antioxidant activity and cardiovascular health.

FAST FULE During your workout, Fast Fuel's proprietary Explosive Speed & Power Matrix fuels your muscle fibers with the optimal ratio of pharmaceutical grade Branch Chain Amino Acids and Creatine Monohydrate that maximize lean muscle growth. The Max Velocity Optimizer continues to feed and repair broken down muscle with Carosyn Beta Alanine, a patented and clinically tested form of the amino acid, and pharmaceutical grade Glutamine, allowing you to train harder for longer. In addition, Fast Fuel's sodium buffer solution minimizes the release of lactic acid into your muscles, reducing muscle fatigue and soreness and supporting the recovery process.

Tested for Banned Substances: This product is screened for cross contamination and banned substances. This ensures product safety and compliance with the standards and protocols of all high school, collegiate and professional athletic leagues and association.

Contains Agmatine Sulfate, Arginie AKG and Arginie HCL.* The only concentrated pre-workout supplement with a full BCAA profile, Beta Alanine and Glutamine.* Intense Energy and Focus with no crash.* Great taste and solubility.*

ASTRAGIN: A patented, clinically-studied ginseng extract, Astragin may help support the absorption of many nutrients.*

BETA ALANINE (AS CARNOSYN): MusclePharm Assault is loaded with 2 grams per serving of Beta-Alanine, helping delay muscular fatigue and allow you to smash through your training plateau. Studies have shown that athletes who consumed Beta-Alanine significantly improved their exercise performance and power output over the placebo group. Researchers found that Beta-Alanine also increased Carnosine's ability to buffer lactic acid. Furthermore, a 10-week study on the effects of Beta-Alanine was conducted on football players. The results of this study showed that the group of players who supplemented with beta-alanine plus creatine gained more muscle and lost more fat than the creatine or placebo group alone. BCAAS: The BCAA in the formula is a patent-pending 3:1:2 ratio, higher in leucine and valine than isoleucine. The addition of these amino acids promotes recovery and supports lean muscle mass.* NO 1,3-DIMETHYLAMINE: Athletes need a complete formula, not a stimulant-which now happens to be banned. That is why MusclePharm does not use, and has never used, 1,3-Dimethylamine in any of its products. Anabolic PEAK - Weight Gainer Every athlete trains to create bigger muscles capable of working at a greater level of power. To produce real results, intense training requires sustenance that replenishes the key nutrients you use up, including fats, water, electrolytes, and most importantly carbohydrates and amino acids. If you don't replace each of these nutrients adequately, your body can actually start breaking down muscle tissue, preventing your results from truly pushing through the boundary towards extraordinary. Advanced Muscle Building Weight Gainer!* 50G of Premium Protein Including Whey Hydrolysates, Isolates, Sustained Release Casein + 1,250 Calories! ADVANCED INSTANT ACTING MUSCLE BUILDING WEIGHT GAINER*

1,250 Muscle Building Calories Nutrient Dense Enhanced Calorie Content Loaded With Anabolic Optimizers* 50G of Protein Including Rapid Releasing Whey Hydrolysates, Isolates & Sustained Release Casein* Loaded With Glutamine, BCAAs (High Leucine), Creatine & Waxy Maize

RESULTS THAT CAN MAKE YOU FAMOUS

Increase Lean Body Mass* Increase Strength* Recover Faster* Build Muscle* UNDENIABLE RESULTS 100,000 Athletes from every major port 125 NFL Draft Picks Olympic Medalists MMA Champions Inner Armour supplements helped our athletes turn their muscles into massive record -smashing machines. The 2009 NFL Combine Class of Athletes were by far the biggest, fastest and strongest group I have ever seen.

CYTOMAX Cytomax is our most scientifically advanced complex carbohydrate, electrolyte performance energy drink. Ensures proper hydration, steady energy and reduced fatigue during exercise.* Benefits of using Cytomax:

Cytomax's patented alpha L-Polylactate buffers lactic acid production in your muscles, reducing the "burn" during intense training and minimizing post-exercise muscle soreness.*Beats The Burn*: Complex carbs stabilize blood sugar during exercise - no sugar crash*Steady Energy*: Antioxidants reduce exercise-induced free radical effects to muscle cells*Cell Protection: Oxygen Delivery*:Succinates enhance oxygen delivery exercise, reducing perceived exertion and minimizing muscle damage* Cellular Balance*:Electrolytes ensure cellular nutrient balance is restored quickly after exercise* Low Osmoality*:Ensures fluid reaches your muscles quickly - as fast as water!* Natural Herbal "Lift": (in Tangy Orange, Go Grape and Peachy Keen flavors only) Reduces your perceived effort so you can push harder

Best ways to use Cytomax:

Mix 1-1 1/2 scoops of Cytomax per 16 ounces of water to ensure a proper carbohydrate solution. Drink about 15 minutes before training and consistently during your workout. To ensure proper hydration, drink 32 ounces per hour of exercise.Before/During: After: Drink a post-workout bottle for recovery and rehydration.*

CATEGORIES OF NUTRITIONS A number of factors can make an understanding of livestock nutrition very confusing.

Many (most) feedstuffs or ingredients in a ration contain more than one of the six basic nutrients. For instance, a kernel of corn contains all six basic nutrients: o Water -- 13-15% when dried for storage 20-35% field moisture at harvest or if stored as high moisture corn

o o o

Protein -- 7-9% crude protein is a typical value

Carbohydrate -- mainly in starch portion of the kernel Fat -- mainly in the oil portion

o o
1. Water

Vitamins Minerals

The Most Critical Nutrient! o Functions in transport, chemical reactions, temperature maintenance, lubrication, etc. Water deprivation ---> dehydration ---> electrolyte imbalance ---> death Requirements vary from one species to another. For example, the desert rat requires very little, while the dairy cow may require 25-29 gallons/day. Management problems leading to lack of water o bad taste (high sulfur content) o dont know how to use or cannot find waterer o stray voltage at water source

2. Carbohydrates (CHO)

Functions energy source building block for other nutrients dietary excess stored as fat Two main components of carbohydrates o Crude fiber (cellulose mainly) o Nitrogen-free extract (soluable sugars, starches) Differences between monogastric, hindgut fermenter and ruminant o Ruminants and hindgut fermenters have microorganisms in the rumen or hindgut that can break down crude fiber (cellulose) into useable products; monogastrics cannot utilize most crude fiber. o All livestock are capable of breaking down the soluable sugars and starches. Management Problems o poor quality feedstuffs o improper ration balancing

o o o

3. Fats (lipids)

Functions

Sources

Energy (stored at higher conc./g than CHO) Source of heat, insulation, body protection (cushioning) Essential fatty acids (immune function, CLA-anticancer link?) Oils (soybean oil, corn oil, fish oil) By product fats (lard or tallow from livestock rendering) provides cheap energy source reduces dust in feed manufacturing and animal feeding increases feed palatability

o o

4. Proteins

Most expensive ingredient in ration, need decreases as animal matures Source of Essential Amino Acids (number, type and level of amino acids required varies with animal species) o Functions -- basic structural unit, needed in metabolism, hormone, antibody and DNA production When fed in exess, converted to energy, fat Monogastric vs. ruminant o True protein is composed of amino acids o Crude protein contains both true protein and other nitrogenous products (non-protein nitrogen)

Non-protein nitrogen can be converted by rumen bacteria to true protein (cheaper source of protein for the ruminant animal)

5. Minerals

Two classes o Major minerals -- Ca, P, Na, Cl, Mg, K, S o Minor (Trace minerals) -- Co, Cu, F, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn The need for supplementation of minor minerals such as Se and F varies with the region Functions -- skeleton, protein synthesis, oxygen transport, fluid and acid-base balance in body, enzyme reactions Mineral/mineral and vitamin/mineral interactions o Ca - Vitamin D o P - Vitamin D o Co - Vitamin B12 o Se - Vitamin E Both deficiencies and excesses can lead to disease

6. Vitamins

Two classes

o o

Water soluble -- B & C Fat soluble -- A, D, E, K

Functions -- most vitamins have multiple functions in body involving metabolism, enzyme reactions, etc. Requirements increase with age Both deficiencies and excesses lead to disease Water Water is the most important nutrient for human beings; without it, the body cannot survive. While water does not produce energy, it provides essential hydration. Staying hydrated is vital since the human body is made up of 70 percent water; cells in the body are fluid-filled, and these cells needs hydration to carry out individual tasks such as temperature regulation, and transporting nutrition and oxygen. Sweat, urination and bowel movements all excrete water from the body, and that fluid has to be replaced to keep it hydrated. Most health care providers recommend drinking eight glasses of water a day to replenish lost fluids. Sponsored Links 4 Signs of a Heart Attack These 4 Things Happen Right Before A Heart Attack. Learn More. Newsmax.com Carbohydrates When people think of nutrition, they usually think of energy for the body. Carbohydrates, the body's primary source of energy, provide the necessary power to keep important organs such as the heart and brain running smoothly. There are two classes of carbohydrates -- simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are sugars such as table sugar and corn syrup. Complex carbohydrates are whole grains, rice, pasta and potatoes. Complex carbohydrates provide long-term energy, as opposed to simple carbohydrates, which tend to burn off quickly. Protein Proteins are the building blocks of life. Proteins make up every tissue and structure in the body. They are important for muscle repair and growth, providing energy and heat and transporting nutrients into the blood stream. Protein can be found in a variety of sources, but most notably in meat. Fish, poultry, eggs, beans and nuts are also excellent sources of protein. Fats This essential nutrient has gotten a bad reputation from the media and the fad diet crowd, but contrary to popular belief, it is an important element in a well-balanced diet. Fats are not only used for energy, but for temperature regulation. Fats should be consumed in moderation, since eating too much of them can lead to fat storage in the body. Fat can be saturated or unsaturated. Saturated fats are animal fats such a meat, butter and lard, and have been linked to certain types of cancers and heart disease. Unsaturated fats are in vegetable oils, and are healthier than saturated fats. Omega-3 fatty acids, in cold-water fish such as salmon, are considered not only healthy, but beneficial. Vitamins Vitamins can be taken as supplements, but if you maintain a balanced and healthy diet, supplements are rarely needed; vitamins are in most unprocessed foods. Vitamins are important for building the immune system, combating infections

and regulating body functions. All fruits, vegetables and whole grains are full of vitamins such as vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin K -- all important for maintaining body functions. Minerals Minerals help the body work properly by helping build tissues and regulate bodily fluids. Many minerals are important in the human body, but a few of the most important are calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and iron. These are in meats, whole grains and MIKL

Lunch requirments Fruits Vegetables Grains milk Meat/Meat Alternate

Breakfast
Meal Components Grains Milk fruit