CERTIFICATION IN ENGLISH COURSE

ENGLISH PRACTICE / UNIT 3

PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT FUTURE TENSE ADJECTIVES.

1.- PRESENT PERFECT: We form the present perfect with the auxiliary verb HAVE or HAS and the
past participle of the main verb.
We use the present perfect:
-Actions which started in the past and still continue in the present.
Example: They have lived in this house since 2008.
(They moved to this house in 2008 and they still live there)
-Experiences.
Example: I have tried skating. Its amazing.
(We just mention the activity.)
-Actions which have recently finished and their results are visible in the present.
Example: He has won the race.
(We know it because we can see him wearing a gold medal)
-Actions which happened at an unspecific time in the past. The exact time is not mentioned
because it is not important.
Example: He has bought a new guitar.
(When did he buy it? We dont mention the exact time because it is not important. What
is important is that he has a new guitar)
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
ALREADY: AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.
You dont have to go to the post office. I have already sent the letters.
YET:
INTERROGATIVE OR NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
Have you finished my homework yet?
I havent called Katty yet.
JUST:
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES. To show that an action finished a few minutes earlier.
Mum has just cooked.
EVER:
AFFIRMATIVE OR INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES.
This is the best comedy I have ever seen.
Have you ever traveled abroad?
NEVER:
NEGATIVE MEANING.
She has never tried sushi.
FOR:
PERIOD OF TIME
Jack has known Penny for ten years.
SINCE:
POINT OF TIME
We havent seen Jeremy since Saturday.

1.1 Write the past simple and past participle of these verbs.
Eat
Choose
Try
Know
Travel
Dance
Think
Hide
Take
Break
Need
Go
Do
Stop
Arrive
Visit
Fly
Ride
Use
Feel

Sing
Play
Swim
Tell
Wash
Grow
Win
Write
Throw
Fry
Build
Keep
Send
Prefer
Bring
Catch
Play
Live
Send
Fall

1.2 John is in London at the moment. Write what he has or hasnt done. Use already or yet.

Visit Big Ben

(yes)
Buy postcards for his family
(yes)
Take a walk to Buckingham Palace (no)
Take lots of photos
(no)
Go shopping
(yes)
Have fish and chips
(yes)
Go on a boat ride on the Thames
(no)

1.- __________________________________________________
2.- __________________________________________________
3.- __________________________________________________
4.- __________________________________________________
5.- __________________________________________________
6.- __________________________________________________
7.- __________________________________________________
1.3 Complete the following questions using the verbs from the list in PRESENT PERFECT. Answer
on your own.
drive take tell dive run be
1.- A: __________________________________ a lie?
B:
2.- A: __________________________________ a racing car?
B:
3.- A: __________________________________ from a waterfall?
B:
4.- A: __________________________________ to Cusco?
B:
5.- A: __________________________________ a marathon?
B:
6.- A: __________________________________ pictures underwater? B:

_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

1.4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the PRESENT PERFECT.
1.2.3.4.5.6.-

A: _________________________________(you/see) my dads stamp collection?

B: No. He ___________________________(not/show) it to me yet.
A: Why is he so happy?
B: He ______________________________ (just/pass) all his exams.
A: Do you like that perfume?
B: I dont know. I _____________________________ (never/smell) it before.
A: ___________________________________ (you/seen) Tina?
B: No, I _________________________________ (not/speak) to her recently.
A: How is Bill?
B: I am not sure. He _____________________________ (not/be) to school this week.
A: Can I borrow this book?
B: I am sorry. I ________________________________ (not/finish) it yet.

1.5 Make sentences using the words below. Use FOR or SINCE.
1.- Mary/be/a doctor/20 years
2.- Joe/play/the guitar/1999
3.- Chris/be/ill/a week
4.- Jenny/not take/a holiday/years
5.- We/not visit/our relatives/ages
6.- Sam/not be/to school/last Monday
7.- They/be/friends/years
8.- Lucy/not speak/to James/last year

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

1.6 Fill in with JUST, ALREADY, YET, FOR, SINCE, EVER, NEVER.
1.- George has ________________ seen a 3D film before.
2.- I have _________________ gotten back from an amazing holiday.
3.- A: Do you want to the cinema to see the new James Bond film, Frank?
B: I have ______________ seen it.
4.- Amy has done her homework, but she hasnt tidied her room _______________.
5.- I havent seen Mary _______________ her birthday party.
6.- Have you ____________seen an elephant before?
7.- Dan has lived abroad ____________________ seven years.

2.- PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE.

PRESENT PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE

Actions happened at an unstated time in the past.

Kelly has bought a new laptop.
(When? We dont know)
Actions which started in the past and still continue.
We have been friends for ten years.
(We were friends ten years ago and we are still friends)
Time expressions used in PRESENT PERFECT:
for, since, yet, already, ever, never, just.

Actions that happened at a stated time in the past.

Kelly bought a new laptop for her last birthday.
(When? Her last birthday)
Actions which started and finished in the past.
Julia worked as a primary teacher for eight years.
(Julia doesnt work as a primary teacher now)
Time expressions used in PAST SIMPLE:
ago, yesterday, last week, last year, last Friday, etc.

2.1 Match Column A to Column B.

A
1.- They went on safari
2.- We havent seen
3.- The Brown visited
4.- I finished my homework
5.- Ann hasnt traveled abroad

B
(
(
(
(
(

)
)
)
)
)

a.- the ruins in Rome last month

b.- half an hour ago.
c.- in Africa last year.
d.- since she was ten years old.
e.- Sarah for two weeks.

2.2 Put the verbs into the PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE.
1.- Mr. Jackson ________________________(climb) Mount Everest last year.
2.- Anna _____________________________ (not go) skiing for months.
3.- __________________________________ (you/ever/drive) a racing car?
4.- Last week, Marcela ____________________(fall) off her horse and ____________________(break)
her leg.
5.- Celia _______________________ (begin) playing tennis two years ago.
6.- I ___________________________ (not do) my Geography homework yet.
7.- Jim ________________________ (never/win) a competition.
2.3 Use the PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE to form sentences with the following words.
1.- Emma/not fly/to Kenya/last year
2.- you/see/a lot of films/yesterday?
3.- the film/just/finish
4.- we/fly/to Saudi Arabia/ten years ago
5.- they/never/be to Australia
6.- I/not go to bed/late/yesterday
7.- you/ever/ride/in a hot air balloon?

_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

2.4 Circle the correct form of the verb.

1.- Jenny has come/came back from her trip two hours ago.
2.- When we were on holiday we have walked/walked for two hours every day.
3.- Michael left/has left the airport three hours ago.
4.- Alex didnt make/hasnt made any plans for the weekend yet.
5.- John has heard/heard that joke before.
6.- They moved/has moved to Lima two years ago.

2.5 Complete the exchanges with the verbs in PRESENT PERFECT or PAST SIMPLE.
1.- A: ____________________________________ (Laura/ever/run) a marathon before?
B: Yes, she ________________________ (run) one two years ago.
2.- A: I ___________________________________ (not eat) pizza for ages!
B: Really? We ___________________________ (eat) one last night.
3.- A: Rachel _______________________________ (go) on holiday twice this year.
B: She is lucky. I _____________________________ (not/have) a holiday since 2011.
4.- A: Oh, no! Michael __________________________(break) Mums new vase.
B: She only ________________________ (buy) it yesterday.
5.- A: __________________________________ (you/see) Ann at the party last Saturday?
B: No, she _____________________ (not be) there. She _________________(be) ill since last week.
2.6 Choose the correct item.
1.- Have you ever ____________ a tiger.
A. see
B. saw
C. seen
2.- She _____________ for this company for years.
A. has worked
B. works
C. is working
3.- They ______ up since 3 am so they are very tired.
A. have been
B. were
C. are
4.- I ____________ in Spain when I was a student.
A. have lived
B. lived
C. live
5.- Which film __________ yesterday?
A. have you seen
B. did you see
C. are you seeing
6.- We ________ Sean at the weekend.
A. meet
B. have met
C. met
7.- Linda _____________ her dinner yet.
A. didnt finish
B. isnt finishing
C. hasnt finished
8.- Paul and Liz ___________ last year.
A. have got married
B. got married
C. marry
9.- Miriam __________ her leg in football practice yesterday
A. broke
B. has broken
C. breaks
10.- __________ the shopping yet?
A. Have you done
B. Did you do
C. Are you doing

3.- FUTURE FORMS.

3.1 WILL + GOING TO
WILL

GOING TO

For on-the-spot decisions

I will have a salad.
(I have decide to have a salad just now)

For future plans and intentions

I am going to Colombia next August.
(Thats what I intend to do, but I dont know for sure if it will
actually happen)

For future predictions based on what we believe

or imagine will happen.
I think our friends will love the present.
(I think or hope so, but I dont know for sure)

For future predictions based on what we see or know (I

have evidence)
She is going to have a baby soon
(I see a pregnant woman around the street)

For promises, hopes, and offers

I hope I will pass my final exams.
With certain expressions: I am sure, I am afraid
I am sure I will get the job.

3.2 Answer the questions about your plans and predictions. Use WILL or GOING TO.
PLANS
What are you going to do..
this evening?

PREDICTIONS
In five years time
will you have a part-time job?

on Friday night?

will you live in another city?

tomorrow morning?

will you have a new car?

next Saturday?

will you go on a skiing trip?

3.3 Fill in the correct form of BE GOING TO or WILL for the verbs in brackets.
1.- A: Do you have any plans for this evening?
B: Yes, ______________________________________(meet) my friends.
2.- A: Look at that boy riding his bike!
B: Oh no! He __________________________________ (fall)
3.- A: Its really hot in here, dont you think?
B: Yes. I _____________________________________(open) a window.
4.- A: I cant hear a thing!
B: I _________________________________________ (turn up) the volume.
5.- A: I am so worried about my exams!
B: I think you _________________________________ (do) just fine!
6.- A: I am thirsty.
B: I ________________________________________ (get) you a glass of water.
7.- A: Look at the clouds.
B: It ______________________________________ (rain)
8.- A: Do you think it ____________________________(snow)
B: I dont think so.
9.- A: I think Ian ________________________________ (win) the competition.
B: Yes. He is ready for this competition.
10.- A: Look! He ______________________________ (fall) off his chair.
11.- A: Is Dan coming to the mall?
B: No, he _________________________________(have) dinner with his family.
12.- A: Your skirt is dirty.
B: Oh, no. I ______________________________ (wash) it later.
13.- A: There is no milk left.
B: I ___________________________________ (go) and buy some.
14.- A: Why arent the students here?
B: They ______________________________ (attend) a presentation in 5 minutes.
15.- A: I cant iron the clothes. I am really late.
B: Dont worry. I ____________________________ (iron) them.
16.- A: Our class is planting trees in the park today.
B: Oh. That sounds great. I ________________________ (come) and help you!
17.- A: My sister __________________________________ (have) a baby.
B: That a good news!
18.- A: Are you busy on Saturday morning?
B: Yes, I _____________________________________ (cut) the grass.
19.- A: The sky is very dark.
B: It ________________________________________ (rain)
20.- A: People ____________________________________(live) a lot longer in the future.
B: Do you think so?

4.- ADJECTIVES.
COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

We use the comparative to compare TWO people,

animals, things, etc. We can use THAN with the
comparative.
Benjamin is older than Adam.

We use the superlative to compare one person,

animal, thing, etc. with more than one person,
animal, thing, etc. in the same group. We use THE in
the superlative.
Jack is the oldest in the group.

4.1 Write the comparative and superlative form of the adjectives.

ADJECTIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Small
Fat
Little
Polite
Late
Far
New
Dangerous
Bad
Modern
Famous
Noisy
Crowded
Quiet
Expensive
Good
Relaxing
Comfortable
Dry
Big
Hot
Strong
4.2 Complete the sentences. Use the COMPARATIVE.
1.- Mount Everest is ___________________________(tall) than Mont Blanc.
2.- Seville is much ____________________________(sunny) than Bilbao.
3.- A train is _________________________________(comfortable) than a motorbike.
4.- A desert is _________________________________ (hot) than a forest.
5.- A stream is ________________________________ (small) than a river.
6.- A helicopter is _______________________________ (fast) than a ship.
7.- The Nile is ____________________________________ (long) than the Amazon.
4.3 Complete the sentences. Use the SUPERLATIVE.
1.- The River Nile is ___________________________ (long) in the world.
2.- Angel Falls is ______________________________ (high( waterfall in the world.
3.- Planes are _______________________________ (expensive) way to travel.
4.- Summer is ______________________________ (hot) season of all.
5.- The Pacific is _________________________________ (large) ocean in the world.
6.- My mother is ________________________________ (good) mum in the world.
7.- The English test was ____________________________ (easy) of all.

4.4 Fill in the gaps with the COMPARATIVE or SUPERLATIVE form of the adjectives in brackets,
adding any necessary words.
1.- Sarah thinks tennis is _______________________________ (boring) sport of all.
2.- The blue jacket is ___________________________________ (cheap) than the green one.
3.- Caroline is a ______________________________________ (good) swimmer than Chris.
4.- Michael is _______________________________________ (intelligent) students in my class.
5.- I believe documentaries are _____________________________ (interesting) the news.
6.- Lionel Messi is ___________________________________ (talented) football player in the world.
7.- Neptune is _______________________________________ (cold) planet in our solar system.
8.- This novel is _____________________________________ (interesting) the one I read last month.
9.- A cheetah runs __________________________________ (fast) a lion.
10.- A: Are you crying?
B: Yes, I think this is _________________________ (sad) film ever made.
11.- A: Do you like my new dress?
B: Yes, its __________________________________ (beautiful) the red one.
12.- A: Is Dave ______________________________________ (intelligent) Simon.
B: No. Simon is _____________________________________ (clever) person in the government.
13.- A: Why do you go shopping on Tuesdays?
B: Because its _____________________________________ (quiet) day of the week.
4.5 Write the opposites.
easier
quieter
dirtier
uglier
heavier
nearer
warmer

happier
faster
more expensive
safer
younger
more economical
higher

4.6 Complete the sentences with an opposite adjective in its comparative or superlative form.
1.- A: Robert is the oldest in the family.
B: No. He is ______________________________.
2.- A: Andrew is more polite than his brother.
B: No, he isnt. Hes _______________________________.
3.- A: I am the tallest in the class.
B: No, you arent. You are ________________________________.
4.- A: My homework was better than yours.
B: No, it wasnt. It was ________________________________.
5.- A: The weather today is colder than yesterday.
B: No, it isnt. Its _______________________________
6.- A: She bought the cheapest watch in the shop.
B: No, she didnt She bought ______________________________.
7.- A: This is the easiest exercise in the book.
B: No, it isnt. It ________________________________________.
8.- A: Lima is quieter than Cajamarca.
B: No, it isnt. It _________________________________________.
9.- A: Janet arrived later than John.
B: No, she didnt. She arrived ___________________________________.
10.- A: Jack is meaner than Alan.
B: No, he isnt. He ____________________________________________.