Final Chapter 2 Ethics and Public Speaking Notes: PS = power thus, carries ethics 5 basic guidelines for ethical

cal PS 1. Make sure goals are ethically sound 2. Be fully prepared for speech 3. Be honest 4. Avoid name-calling & mean abusive things 5. Put all ethical principle every time Ethical errors/lapses plagiarism Global plagiarism= lifting a speech entirely from 1 source Patchwork plagiarism = stitching a speech from few sources Incremental plagiarism = When you don't give credit for specific quotes/ paraphrases Ethical obligations as listener 1. listen courteously and attentively 2. avoid prejudging the speaker 3. support free & open expression of ideas Terms: ethics branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs ethical decisions sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines name-calling The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups Bill of Rights the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution plagiarism Presenting someone else's work as your own global plagiarism Stealing a speech all from 1 source and saying it's your own patchwork plagiarism Stealing ideas/language from 2-3 sources and sayin it's yours incremental plagiarism Stealing little work by not citing quote source or paraphrase paraphrase Restate or summarize author's ideas into your own words Chapter 3 Listening Don't listen to hard Errors in listening jump to conclusions prejudge a speaker without hearing the msg judge people by appearance/ speaking manner To become a better listener 1. Take listening seriously and commit to it 2. Work on being an active listener 3. Resist distractions Try not to be diverted by appearance/delivery Suspend judgment until you hear the entire msg Focus on listening by paying attention to main points; evidence; techniques

 Develop note-taking skills Terms hearing The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain listening Paying close attention to & making sense of what we hear appreciative listening Listening for pleasure or enjoyment empathic listening Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker comprehensive listening listening to understand the speaker's msg critical listening listening to evaluate a msg to either accept or reject it spare brain time - difference b/t rate of which most people talk (120-150 words per min) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400-800 per min) active listening Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand their POV key-word outline An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form Chapter 12 Using Language (Chapter 11 in my book) Speaker duties: use language accurately, clearly, vividly, and appropriately Words: Denotative and Connotative Denotative = meaning is precise, literal, and objective Connotative = meaning is more variable, figurative, and subjective includes feelings, associations, and emotions that a word touches off in different people Choose words that are precise and accurate; known to average person; concrete words; no verbal clutter. Use imagery = using language vividly to bring speech to life developed by concrete language, simile, and metaphor exploiting rhythm of language with... parallelism repetition alliteration antithesis Adapt to particular occasion, audience, and topic at hand develop your own style instead of copying someone don't use HE or MAN anymore, it's sexist denotative meaning connotative meaning thesaurus concrete words abstract words clutter imagery simile clich metaphor

Terms

rhythm parallelism repetition alliteration antithesis inclusive language generic he