Heart Failure Educational Tool

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?
COMMON CAUSES
PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
LEARNING ABOUT HEART FAILURE (HF)

Heart failure is a common and potentially life-threatening condition, affecting more than 20 million people worldwide however few people fully understand heart failure
Select from options A to D below
Where the heart cannot pump enough blood around the body
Where the hearts electrical system beats irregularly
Where blocked or clogged arteries limit flow of blood to the heart
Where the heart is starved of blood and oxygen, usually by a clot
Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, Seventeenth Edition pages 1442 - 1455. Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace . 2009;11:v1-v9. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Where the heart cannot pump enough blood around the body This is known as heart failure
Correct
A
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Where the hearts electrical system beats irregularly This is known as arrhythmia
Incorrect
B
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Plaque
Where blocked or clogged arteries limit flow of blood to the heart This is known as atherosclerosis
Incorrect
C
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Where the heart is starved of blood and oxygen, usually by a clot This is known as a heart attack
Incorrect
D
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

In most cases, heart failure does not have a single cause there are a number of conditions that may damage your heart and that could lead you to be diagnosed with heart failure
Select the silhouettes below
BHF website http://bit.ly/g1fOpW Accessed August 2013. AHA website http://bit.ly/d54MDM Accessed August 2013
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Excess alcohol
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Damaged heart valves
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

High blood pressure
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Arrhythmia/ irregular heartbeat
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Atherosclerosis/blocked or clogged arteries
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Inflammation of the heart muscle
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Heart attack
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Weak heart muscle
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
WHAT IS THE LIFE TIME RISK OF HEART FAILURE (HF)?

A B C
1 in 500 people 1 in 50 people 1 in 5 people

FIND OUT MORE
For people aged 40 and older, the lifetime risk of developing heart failure is 1 in 5
Heart failure is a major and growing public health problem select the silhouettes below
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

A B C

FIND OUT MORE
0.2%
Incorrect
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

A B C

FIND OUT MORE
2%
Incorrect
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

A B C

FIND OUT MORE
20%
For aged 7080, the older, lifetime For people people aged 40 and risk of developing failure the lifetime risk ofheart developing is up to 1 in 5 in Europe
Correct
heart failure is 1 in 5
Dickstein et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008. European Heart Journal . 2008;29:2388442
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

A B C

FIND OUT MORE
More than 20 million people suffer from heart failure worldwide and this number is increasing
Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace. 2009;11:v1-v9. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73
20
million
worldwide
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

A B C

FIND OUT MORE
8,000,000
new cases by
2030
By 2030, over eight million people in the United States (1 in every 33) will have heart failure
Heidenreich et al. Forecasting the Impact of Heart Failure in the United States. Circulation: Heart Failure . 2013;6:606-619
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

A B C

FIND OUT MORE
An aging population and an increase in the number of people surviving heart attacks both contribute to the rise in heart failure
Schocken et al. AHA Scientific Statement: Prevention of Heart Failure. Circulation . 2008;117:2544-2565. Mosterd A, Hoes, A. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart . 2007;93:1137-1146
c a t re a ta s ck ed su he rv ar iv t al
po
pu Ag la in tio g n
In
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
ACUTE HEART FAILURE (AHF) EPISODES A DOWNWARD SPIRAL

Heart failure is often fatal when patients have one or repeated AHFepisodes
SELECT NUMBERS TO VIEW
It felt like I was drowning
1
DOWNWARD SPIRAL
Every episode results in worsening health and damage to vital organs, such as the heart and kidneys, which decreases the chance of the patient surviving another episode
Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace . 2009;11:v1-v9. Irish Heart Foundation. Living well with heart failure patient booklet http://bit.ly/11FDqR6 Accessed August 2013. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73. Gheorghiade M et al. Rehospitalization for heart failure: problems and perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2013;61(4):391-403
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

SYMPTOMS
As an AHF episode approaches, patients experience:
Breathlessness 2 Incapacitation 3 Fluid build-up 4 Weight gain

1
1
DOWNWARD SPIRAL
Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace . 2009;11:v1-v9. Irish Heart Foundation. Living well with heart failure patient booklet http://bit.ly/11FDqR6 Accessed August 2013. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73. Gheorghiade M et al. Rehospitalization for heart failure: problems and perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2013;61(4):391-403. Mosterd A, Hoes, A. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart . 2007;93:1137-1146
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

SYMPTOMS

1
Patients rushed to the emergency room for urgent treatment
1
DOWNWARD SPIRAL
Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace . 2009;11:v1-v9. Irish Heart Foundation. Living well with heart failure patient booklet http://bit.ly/11FDqR6 Accessed August 2013. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73. Gheorghiade M et al. Rehospitalization for heart failure: problems and perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2013;61(4):391-403. Mosterd A, Hoes, A. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart . 2007;93:1137-1146. Felker et al. Clinical trial of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes. Circulation: Heart Failure . 2010;3:314-325
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

SYMPTOMS

1
1
DOWNWARD SPIRAL
3
of patients do not survive the initial episode
34%
Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace . 2009;11:v1-v9. Irish Heart Foundation. Living well with heart failure patient booklet http://bit.ly/11FDqR6 Accessed August 2013. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73. Gheorghiade M et al. Rehospitalization for heart failure: problems and perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2013;61(4):391-403. Mosterd A, Hoes, A. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart . 2007;93:1137-1146. Felker et al. Clinical trial of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes. Circulation: Heart Failure . 2010;3:314-325. Weintraub et al. Acute heart failure syndromes. Circulation . 2010;122:1975-1996
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

SYMPTOMS

1
1
DOWNWARD SPIRAL
of patients die within 1 year after experiencing an AHF episode
2030%
3
of patients do not survive the initial episode
34%
Zannad F. et al. Heart failure burden and therapy. Europace . 2009;11:v1-v9. Irish Heart Foundation. Living well with heart failure patient booklet http://bit.ly/11FDqR6 Accessed August 2013. Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73. Gheorghiade M et al. Rehospitalization for heart failure: problems and perspectives. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2013;61(4):391-403. Mosterd A, Hoes, A. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart . 2007;93:1137-1146. Felker et al. Clinical trial of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes. Circulation: Heart Failure . 2010;3:314-325. Weintraub et al. Acute heart failure syndromes. Circulation . 2010;122:1975-1996. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, Seventeenth Edition pages 1442 - 1455. National heart failure audit: April 2010 March 2011, NICOR and The British Society for Heart Failure, commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP). OConnor M et al. Causes of death and rehospitalization in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. American Heart Journal . 2010;159(5): 842-849. Hunt S et al. Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005. Circulation . 2009;119:e391-e479
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
Patients with acute heart failure may suffer an increasing number of episodes as their condition deteriorates, leading to frequent hospitalization, a downward spiral in health, and a high rate of mortality
FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE
MORTALITY
Progressive decline in the function of the heart

20 to 30% of patients die within 1 year after experiencing an AHF episode and 3-4% do not survive the initial episode
Acute episode
Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, Seventeenth Edition pages 1442 - 1455. National heart failure audit: April 2010 March 2011, NICOR and The British Society for Heart Failure, commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP). OConnor M et al. Causes of death and rehospitalization in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. American Heart Journal . 2010;159(5): 842-849. Hunt S et al. Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005. Circulation . 2009;119:e391-e479. Weintraub et al. Acute heart failure syndromes. Circulation . 2010;122:1975-1996. Alla et al. Epidemiology of acute heart failure syndromes. Heart Fail Rev . 2007;12:915. Cleland et al. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. European Heart Journal . 2003;24:442636. Gheorghiade et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. American Journal of Cardiology . 2005;96:11G17G
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
MILLIONS OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE (AHF) EPISODES HAPPEN EVERY YEAR
Each year around acute heart failure (AHF) episodes happen in the US and EU alone; this is expected to increase further as the population ages.
3.5 million
If everyone in the world with heart failure gathered in one country, it would be about the population of Australia
Lined up end to end, the number of ambulances for every AHF patient taken to the hospital in a single year would stretch nearly 21,000 km almost as long as the Great Wall of China
21,000 km
Gheorghiade M, Pang P. Acute heart failure syndromes. Journal of the American College of Cardiology . 2009;53(7):557-73
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
HEART FAILURE REPRESENTS A MAJOR AND GROWING HEALTH ECONOMIC BURDEN

Acute heart failure is the most common cause of hospitalization in patients over 65 years
What percentage of all healthcare expenditure in developed countries is thought to be spent on heart failure?
What is the estimated global cost of heart failure per year?
What percentage of the cost of heart failure is due to pharmacological treatment?
Answer
Answer
Answer
Lloyd-Jones et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2010;121:e46-215. Neumann et al. Heart failure: the commonest reason for hospitalization in Germany medical and economic perspectives. Dtsch Arztebl Int . 2009;106:26975. Berry et al. Economics of chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure . 2001;3:283-291. Stewart et al. The current cost of heart failure to the National Health Service in the UK. European Journal of Heart Failure . 2002;4:361-371. Forman et al. Influence of age on the management of heart failure. American Heart Journal . 2009;157:1010-1017. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2009 http://1.usa.gov/s083eF Accessed August 2013
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Answer
Answer
Answer
and growing
45 billion
Over
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Answer
Answer
Answer
of total healthcare budget in many countries is spent on the management of heart failure
~ 2%
Lloyd-Jones et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2010;121:e46-215. Neumann et al. Heart failure: the commonest reason for hospitalization in Germany medical and economic perspectives. Dtsch Arztebl Int . 2009;106:26975. Berry et al. Economics of chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure . 2001;3:283-291. Stewart et al. The current cost of heart failure to the National Health Service in the UK. European Journal of Heart Failure . 2002;4:361-371. Forman et al. Influence of age on the management of heart failure. American Heart Journal . 2009;157:1010-1017. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2009 http://1.usa.gov/s083eF Accessed August 2013. Dickstein et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008. European Heart Journal . 2008;29;23882442
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Answer
Answer
Answer
<10%
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
MYTH OR FACT
Cancer
deaths
Heart failure
deaths
Acute heart failure patients have a better prognosis than cancer patients
The signs and symptoms of heart failure are easy to recognise
Heart failure affects mostly men
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
MYTH OR FACT
Heart failure
deaths
Cancer
deaths
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth
Acute heart failure causes more deaths than some advanced cancers, including breast and bowel cancer
Stewart et al. More malignant than cancer? Five-year survival following a first admission for heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure . 2001;3:315-322
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
MYTH OR FACT
Cancer
deaths
Heart failure
deaths
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth
Despite the incidence, only 3% of the general public in Europe can identify the signs and symptoms of heart failure
Remme et al. Public awareness of heart failure in Europe: first results from SHAPE. European Heart Journal . 2005;26:2413-2421
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
MYTH OR FACT
Cancer
deaths
Heart failure
deaths
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth or Fact ?
Myth
There is a widespread misconception that heart failure is a man's disease. But heart failure is also a devastating health problem for women
Cleveland clinic: Heart Failure & women http://bit.ly/qw4pEv Accessed August 2013
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
NO TREATMENT BREAKTHROUGHS IN 20 YEARS

Despite significant progress in treating other heart conditions, there have been no major developments in treatment for patients with acute heart failure for two decades Commonly used medicines for AHF treat only immediate symptoms and have not been proven to have an impact on longer-term outcomes
DISCOVER CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TREATMENT OPTIONS
TREATMENT GOALS CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS
Option
Option
Option
Cowie M et al. Acute heart failure a call to action. British Journal of Cardiology . 2013;20(suppl 2):S1-S11. Hunt S et al. Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. Circulation . 2009;119:e391-e479. McMurray et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. European Heart Journal . 2012;33:1787-1847. Gheorghiade et al. Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: Current State and Framework for Future Research. Circulation . 2005;112:3958-3968
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

IMMEDIATE: Option Treat symptoms Help patients breathe Reduce fluid build-up Diuretics Vasodilators Oxygen therapy Inotropes
Option
Option
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Option
Limit cardiac and renal damage
Option
Option
No therapies currently available
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED

Option
Option
LONG TERM: Option Improve survival and organ protection
No therapies currently available
COMMON CAUSES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MORTALITY RATES
ANNUAL STATISTICS
COST
MYTH OR FACT
TREATMENT
URGENT NEED
MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE

There is an urgent need for new treatments to help relieve symptoms and increase patients life expectancy by protecting vital organs against life-threatening damage during an AHF episode
NEW TREATMENTS
RELIEVE SYMPTOMS
PROTECT ORGANS
INCREASE LIFE EXPECTANCY

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WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

LEARNING ABOUT HEART FAILURE (HF)

Where the hearts electrical system beats irregularly

Where blocked or clogged arteries limit flow of blood to the heart

Where the heart is starved of blood and oxygen, usually by a clot

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

LEARNING ABOUT HEART FAILURE (HF)

Where the hearts electrical system beats irregularly

Where blocked or clogged arteries limit flow of blood to the heart

Where the heart is starved of blood and oxygen, usually by a clot

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

LEARNING ABOUT HEART FAILURE (HF)

Where blocked or clogged arteries limit flow of blood to the heart

Where the heart is starved of blood and oxygen, usually by a clot

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

LEARNING ABOUT HEART FAILURE (HF)

Where the hearts electrical system beats irregularly

Where the heart is starved of blood and oxygen, usually by a clot

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

LEARNING ABOUT HEART FAILURE (HF)

Where the hearts electrical system beats irregularly

Where blocked or clogged arteries limit flow of blood to the heart

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

Damaged heart valves

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

High blood pressure

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

Arrhythmia/ irregular heartbeat

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

COMMON CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE (HF)

Atherosclerosis/blocked or clogged arteries

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS