STUDY QUESTIONS Directions: Each of the questions, statements, or items or incomplete statements in this section can be correctly answered

or completed by one of the suggested answers or phrases. Choose the best answer. 1. Which type of cell contains double-stranded DNA? (A) Human cells (B) Bacteria cells (C) HIV cells (D) Viruses View Answer 1. The answer is A [see VII.A]. Human cells contain double-stranded DNA, whereas lower organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses) do not. 2. Which enzyme is used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to form DNA in the host cell? (A) Restrictive endonuclease (B) DNA-directed polymerase (C) Reverse transcriptase (D) Both A and B (E) None of the above View Answer 2. The answer is C [see II.V]. Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that a virus uses to assemble its DNA from RNA. Unlike higher organisms, viral particles have genetic material in the RNA and need a host cell for reproduction. 3. Gammaglobulin is considered to be (A) DNA. (B) RNA. (C) a protein. (D) None of the above View Answer 3. The answer is C [see III.C; Table 11-2]. Gammaglobulin is a subclass of immunoglobulin protein involved in immunity and allergic response. 4. Glycoprotein is considered to be a protein linked to (A) a carbohydrate. (B) a hormone. (C) a lipid. (D) DNA. (E) None of the above View Answer 4. The answer is A [see III.B; VI]. Glycoprotein consists of a carbohydrate linked to a protein. 5. An enzyme that cleaves DNA at a specific site is called a (A) restriction endonuclease. (B) restrictive ribonuclease.

(C) trypsin. (D) None of the above View Answer 5. The answer is A [see II.T]. A restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that specifically cleaves DNA molecules. Ribonuclease will cleave RNA only, and trypsin is a digestive enzyme found in the gastrointestinal tract. 6. An example of a cytokine is (A) interleukin. (B) insulin. (C) gonadotropin. (D) thyroxine. (E) None of the above View Answer 6. The answer is A [see II.O;, X.C]. Interleukin is a messenger substance synthesized by the cell (cytokine) to communicate and trigger cellular response. 7. A common storage condition for most biotechnology products after reconstitution is (A) at room temperature. (B) in a cool place. (C) in a warm place. (D) no excessive heat. (E) in a freezer. View Answer 7. The answer is B [see I]. Most biologic compounds are heat labile and must be stored at low temperature. 8. What drug is used to prevent embolism in the lung and during myocardial infarction? (A) Alteplase (B) Human growth hormone (C) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (D) Epogen (EPO) (E) None of the above View Answer 8. The answer is A [see X.A; Table 11-1]. Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent formerly known as tissue-plasminogen activator. 9. What base is found in DNA? (A) Cytosine (B) Adenine (C) Guanine (D) Thymine (E) All of the above View Answer 9. The answer is E [see VII.B]. All DNA molecules consist of nucleotides, which consist of deoxyribose, phosphate, and one of the following nitrogen-containing bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. P.248

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS 1. The answer is A [see VII.A]. Human cells contain double-stranded DNA, whereas lower organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses) do not. 2. The answer is C [see II.V]. Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that a virus uses to assemble its DNA from RNA. Unlike higher organisms, viral particles have genetic material in the RNA and need a host cell for reproduction. 3. The answer is C [see III.C; Table 11-2]. Gammaglobulin is a subclass of immunoglobulin protein involved in immunity and allergic response. 4. The answer is A [see III.B; VI]. Glycoprotein consists of a carbohydrate linked to a protein. 5. The answer is A [see II.T]. A restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that specifically cleaves DNA molecules. Ribonuclease will cleave RNA only, and trypsin is a digestive enzyme found in the gastrointestinal tract. 6. The answer is A [see II.O;, X.C]. Interleukin is a messenger substance synthesized by the cell (cytokine) to communicate and trigger cellular response. 7. The answer is B [see I]. Most biologic compounds are heat labile and must be stored at low temperature. 8. The answer is A [see X.A; Table 11-1]. Alteplase is a thrombolytic agent formerly known as tissue-plasminogen activator. 9. The answer is E [see VII.B]. All DNA molecules consist of nucleotides, which consist of deoxyribose, phosphate, and one of the following nitrogen-containing bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.