DETERMINATION OF LATERAL FORCES

1. Seismic Zone Factor (Z) Estimate of the applicable site dependent effective peak ground acceleration expressed as a function of the gravity constant.

2.

Ground Response Coefficients Ca & Cv

Parameters which reflect the potential amplification of the ground vibration caused by different soil types.

3.

Soil Profile Types, SA to SF

4. Near Source Factors , Na & Nv

5.

Response Modification Factor, R A measure of the ability of the structural system to absorb energy and sustain cyclic inelastic deformations without collapse.

6.

Importance Factors, I Importance of the structural element based on its occupancy

7.

Seismic Dead Load, W The total dead load of the structure and that part of the service load which may be expected to be attached to the building, which consists of: Twenty five percent of the floor live load for storage and warehouse occupancies. A minimum allowance of 0.50 kN/m 2 for movable partitions.

 The total weight of permanent equipment and fittings. Roof and floor live loads, except as noted above, are not included in the value of W as they are considered negligible by comparison with the dead loads. In designing floor members for gravity loads, the loading intensity for movable partition is 1.0 kN/m2. This value allows for local concentration of the partition, while the overall average value of 0.50 kN/m2 is adopted for seismic loads. For permanent walls which are constructed of heavier materials, the actual weight of the walls shall be used.

8.

Fundamental Period, T The fundamental period of vibration of each structure, which is the time required for one cycle of free vibration. The value may vary from 0.1 seconds for a single storey building to several seconds for a multi-storey building.

Ct (hn)3/4

Where: hn = height in meter of the roof above the base, not including the height of penthouse parapets. Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames. = 0.0731 for reinforced concrete momentresisting frames (the structure type of this case) = 0.0488 for all other buildings.

9.

Total Seismic Dead Load, W

Superimposed Dead Load (Aside from the selfweight of assigned sections) Weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3 TYPICAL FLOOR Slab (100 mm thick) 2.36 Floor Finish (40mm thick) 0.94 Movable Partition Ceiling (sus. Channel+accstc board) EE/ME/Plumbing Utilities -----------------------------------------TOTAL CHB Walls (2 faces plastered) 150 mm CHB exterior walls 100 mm CHB interior walls 5.05 kPa on floor area 3.30 kPa 2.44 kPa kPa kPa 0.50 kPa 0.15 kPa 0.10 kPa

ROOF DECK Slab (100 mm thick) 2.36 kPa Floor Finish (40mm thick) 0.94 kPa Ceiling (sus. Channel+accstc board) 0.15 kPa EE/ME/Plumbing Utilities 0.10 kPa -----------------------------------------TOTAL CHB Walls (2 faces plastered) 100 mm CHB parapet walls 3.55 kPa on floor area 2.44 kPa

10.

LOAD COMBINATIONS

Factored Loads

The required strength U shall be at least equal to the effects of the factored loads listed below. The effect of one or more loads not acting simultaneously shall be investigated. U U U U U U U U U U U U U = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1.4 ( D + F ) 1.2 (D + F + T) + 1.6 ( L + H ) + 0.5 ( L or R ) 1.2D + 1.6 ( L or R ) + ( 1.0 L or 0.8 W ) 1.2D + 1.6 W + 1.0 L + 0.5 ( L or R ) 1.2D + 1.0 Ex + 1.0 L 1.2D + 1.0 Ez+ 1.0 L 0.9 D + 1.6 W + 1.6 H 0.9 D + 1.0 Ex + 1.6 H 0.9 D + 1.0 Ez + 1.6 H D D D D + + + + L (0.75 L ) ( 0.7183 EX ) ( 0.7183 EZ )

Unfactored Loads

Where: U = required strength D = Dead Loads F = Loads due to weight and pressure of fluids T = cumulative effects of temperature, shrinkage L = Live loads H = Loads due to weight and pressure of soil R = Rain load W = Wind load Ex = Seismic along x-axis Ez = Seismic along z-axis

creep,

11. LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM (STAAD Environment)

A local coordinate system is associated with each member. Each axis of the orthogonal coordinate system is also based on the right hand rule.

12.

MEMBER END FORCES

13. 14. 15. 16. 17.