Categories of ASD Interventions

Alternative Augmentative Communication Facilitated Communication PECS NZSL/Makaton Visual Schedules Voice Output Communication Aids Technology Hi-Tech equipment: Bio-feedback Interactive metronome Prompting devices Robotics Computer/Multimedia: Computer aided instruction Online communities Video modelling Virtual reality Electo-magnetic stimulation: Electroconvulsive therapy Transcranial stimulation Diet and Supplement Combined vitamin B6-magnesium Dimethylglycine Gluten and Casein diets Standard Therapy Art therapy Drama therapy Music therapy Occupational therapy Play therapy Speech and Language therapy Broader Education Interventions These may consistent of a combination of other interventions being implemented across the home and school settings.

Behavioural/Developmental See chart below

Service Based Education Services Employment Services Social Care Services Parental Support Services Sensory AIT-auditory integration training Coloured filters Deep pressure Light wave stimulation Prisms Sensory integration Weighted items

Medical Procedures Chelation Electroconvulsive Therapy Hyperbaric Therapy Testosterone Regulation

Medication Antidepressants: Selective Serotonin Inhibitors e.g. fluoxetine Antipsychotics: Risperidone Stimulants: Methylphenidate Sleep medication: Melatonin ADH medication: Clonidine Sedatives: Benzodiazepines, Antihistamines Mood Stabilizers Antiepileptic Medication

Manipulation Acupressure Acupuncture Chiropractic massage Osteopath Reflexology Others

Animals: Assistance dogs , horse riding, dolphin therapy Environmental: Design or modification of classroom/bedroom Physical activities: Sports, movement therapy, physical exercise, surfing Relaxation: Aromatherapy, massage Spiritual: Colour therapy, faith healing, rieki

Interventions commonly used in an education setting

Other interventions

BEHAVIOURAL

Behavioural/Developmental Continuum

DEVELOPMENTAL

Discrete Trial Traditional Behaviour ABA CARD UCLA Lovaas

Contemporary Contemporary ABA NLP IT PRT Enhanced milieu Inclusive Behavioural LEAP

Mixed TEAACH PECS Sign Language Lego Therapy

Social-Pragmatic with structure Hanen: MTW SCERTS Early Bird

Social-Pragmatic Floor-Time Theraplay Hanen ITTT Social Stories

Adapted from Roberts (2003) and Ospina et al. (2008)

Key ABA: Applied Behavioural Analysis CARD: Centre for Autism and Related Disorders based on the UCLA Young Autism Project Lovaas IT: Incidental Teaching ITTT: Takes Two To Talk LEAP: Learning Experiences: an alternative program for pre-schoolers and their parents MTW: More Than Words NLP: Natural Language Paradigm

PRT: Pivotal Response Training PECS: Picture Exchange Communication System SCERTS: Social-Communication, Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support TEAACH: Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communications Handicapped Children

References
Ministries of Health and Education. (2008). New Zealand autistic spectrum disorder guidelines. Wellington. Ospina, M., Seida, J., Clark, B., Karkhaneh, M., Hartling, L., Tjosvold, L., . . . Smith, V. (2008). Behavioural and developmental interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A clinical systematic review. PLOS One, 3(11), 1-32. Roberts, J. M. (2003). A review of the research to identify the most effective models of best practice in the management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Sydney. Retrieved from http://iier.isciii.es/AUTISMO/pdf/aut_gsyd.pdf Roberts, J., & Prior, M. (2007). A review of the research to identify the most effective models of practice in early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. Australian Goverment Department of Health and Aging. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/846804F6D67F34F3CA257280007853DE/$File/autrexe.pdf