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The 8051 Microcontroller Chapter 6 Interrupts

L Ch Thng chithong@hcmut.edu.vn sites.google.com/site/chithong Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller

What Is an Interrupt?

(Source: http://www.6502.org/tutorials/interrupts.html)

An interrupt = Occurrence of a condition (an event) Deal with the event while another program is executing Do many things simultaneously
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Interrupts

Hardware Event

When an interrupt occurs, the main program temporarily suspends execution and branches to the interrupt service routine (ISR), perform the operation, and terminates with a return from interrupt instruction (RETI).
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ISR vs. Subroutine

Similarity: CPU executes another program and then returns to the original program. Difference: It is NOT known when the main program suspends execution. ISR_NAME: RETI SUBROUTINE_NAME: RET

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Interrupt Sources
2 External Interrupts 2 Timer Interrupts 1 Serial Port Interrupt Timer 2 Interrupt (8052 only)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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When an Interrupt occurs?

An interrupt = Occurrence of a condition (an event)

When a falling edge occur at /INT0 pin, External 0 Interrupt occurs. When a falling edge occur at /INT1 pin, External 1 Interrupt occurs. When Timer 0 is overflow, Timer 0 Interrupt occurs. When Timer 1 is overflow, Timer 1 Interrupt occurs. When the transmission is done (transmit buffer is empty) or the reception is done (receiver buffer is full), Serial Port Interrupt occurs.

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Interrupt Sources

2 external interrupts (/INT0 and /INT1), 2 timer interrupts (TF0 and TF1), a serial port interrupt (RI or TI), and Timer 2 interrupt (8052 only)
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Enabling and Disabling Interrupts

EA ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

IE (Interrupt Enable) Register EA : Global enable/disable - : Undefined ET2: Enable Timer 2 interrupt ES: Enable Serial port interrupt ET1: Enable Timer 1 interrupt EX1: Enable External 1 interrupt ET0: Enable Timer 0 interrupt EX0: Enable External 0 interrupt 1 = Enable; 0 = Disable
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Enabling and Disabling Interrupts

EA ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0

IE (Interrupt Enable) Register Eg. Timer 1 interrupt is enabled as follow: SETB ET1 SETB EA or MOV IE,#10001000B Eg. External 0 and serial interrupts are enabled as follow: SETB EX0 SETB ES SETB EA or MOV IE,#10010001B Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie L Ch Thng

Interrupt Priority
PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0

IP (Interrupt Priority) Register

PT2 : Priority for Timer 2 interrupt PS: Priority for Serial port interrupt PT1: Priority for Timer 1 interrupt PX1: Priority for External 1 interrupt PT0: Priority for Timer 0 interrupt PX0: Priority for External 0 interrupt 1 = Higher Level; 0 = Lower Level

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Interrupt Priority
PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0

IP (Interrupt Priority) Register If 2 interrupts occur simultaneously a high-priority ISR executes If a low-priority ISR is executing when a high-priority interrupts the low-priority ISR is interrupted A high-priority interrupt can interrupt a low-priority ISR. A high-priority ISR cannot be interrupted. If 2 interrupts of the same priority occur simultaneously a fixed polling sequence determines which is serviced first The polling sequence is external 0, Timer 0, external 1, Timer 1, serial port, Timer 2.
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Interrupt Flags
When an event occurs the corresponding interrupt flag is set Interrupt occurs

5 Interrupt Sources: 2 external interrupt, 2 timer interrupt and 1 serial port interrupt 6 Interrupt Flags: IE0, IE1, TF0, TF1, TI, and RI

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Interrupt Flags
When an event occurs the corresponding interrupt flag is set Interrupt occurs

When a falling edge occur at /INT0 pin the IE0 flag is set External 0 Interrupt occurs When a falling edge occur at /INT1 pin the IE1 flag is set External 1 Interrupt occurs When Timer 0 is overflow the IE0 flag is set Timer 0 Interrupt occurs When Timer 1 is overflow the IE1 flag is set Timer 1 Interrupt occurs When the transmission is done (transmit buffer is empty) or the reception is done (receiver buffer is full) the TI or RI flag is set Serial Port Interrupt occurs.
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Interrupt Vectors
When an interrupt is accepted, the value loaded into PC is called interrupt vector. It is the address of the start of the ISR.
INTERRUPT System reset External 0 Timer 0 External 1 Timer 1 Serial port Timer 2
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

FLAG RST IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI or TI TF 2 or EXF2

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VECTOR ADDRESS 0000H 0003H 000BH 0013H 001BH 0023H 002BH

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Processing Interrupts
When an interrupt (an event) occurs: The corresponding interrupt flag is set The current instruction completes execution. The PC is saved on the stack. The PC is loaded with the interrupt vector, which is the address of the start of the ISR. The interrupt flag is automatically cleared, except RI &TI (and TF2 & EXF2 for 8052) The ISR executes and takes action in response to the interrupt. The ISR finishes with a RETI (return from interrupt) instruction. This retrieves the old value of the PC from the stack and execution of the main program continues.
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An Example
Assume that External 0 interrupt was enabled. When a falling edge (or level 0) is applied to pin P3.2 (/INT0) IE0 is set (automatically by hardware) The current PC is saved on the stack PC 0003H (and the main program is interrupted) The instruction at address 0003H (i.e. the first instruction of the ISR for External 0) executes. When the ISR is done, the RETI instruction retrieves the old value of the PC from the stack and the main program continues. Question: What will happen if there is NO falling edge (or level 0) applied to pin P3.2 (/INT0) (i.e. NO interrupt signal occur) but bit IE0 is set by software (i.e. by using SETB IE0)?
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External Interrupt
A push-button is connected to pin P3.2 (/INT0). A falling edge is created when pushing this button. Write a program that sets pin P1.7 when pushing the button down.

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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External Interrupt
A push-button is connected to pin P3.2 (/INT0). A falling edge is created when pushing this button. Write a program that sets pin P1.7 when pushing the button down.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H ;ISR External Int 0 SETB P1.7 RETI ORG 0030H ;Main program MAIN: SETB EA SETB EX0 ;Enable Ext Int 0 SETB IT0 ;Falling edge SJMP $ END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 1
A push-button is connected to pin P3.2 (/INT0). A falling edge is created when pushing this button. Write a program that creates one 10-ms pulse at pin P1.7 when pushing the button down.

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 1
A push-button is connected to pin P3.2 (/INT0). A falling edge is created when pushing this button. Write a program that creates one 10-ms pulse at pin P1.7 when pushing the button down.

ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H SETB P1.7 ACALL DELAY10MS CLR P1.7 RETI ORG 0030H MAIN:MOV TMOD,#01H SETB EA SETB EX0
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

SETB IT0 SJMP $ DELAY10MS: MOV TH0,#(-10000) MOV TL0,#(-10000) SETB TR0 JNB TF0,$ CLR TF0 CLR TR0 END
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Practice Problem 2
A push-button is connected to pin P3.3 (/INT1). A falling edge is created when pushing this button. Write a program that increases the content of location 40H of internal RAM when pushing the button down.

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 2
An push-button is connected to pin P3.3 (/INT1). A falling edge is created when pushing this button. Write a program that increases the content of location 40H of internal RAM.

ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0013H ;Int vector of external int 1 INC 40H RETI ORG 0030H MAIN:SETB EA SETB EX1 ;Enable ext int 1 SETB IT1 ;Falling edge SJMP $ END
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An Example of a Program Using Small ISR

ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 000BH T0ISR: RETI MAIN: END ;Reset ;Interrupt vector of Timer 0

;Return to main program

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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An Example of a Program Using Large ISR

ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H LJMP E0ISR ORG 000BH LJMP T0ISR ORG 0013H LJMP E1ISR ORG 001BH LJMP T1ISR ORG 0023H LJMP SPISR ORG 0030H MAIN: SJMP $ E0ISR: RETI T0ISR: RETI Mackenzie Ref. I. Scott END ;Reset ;Interrupt vector of External 0 ;Interrupt vector of Timer 0 ;Interrupt vector of External 1 ;Interrupt vector of Timer 1 ;Interrupt vector of serial port

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Memory Organization

ISR Vector table

3-byte instruction

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Timer (8 bit) Interrupt

Write a program using Timer 0 and interrupt to create a 10 kHz square wave on P1.0. (Crystal 12 MHz)
ORG 0000H ;Reset LJMP MAIN ORG 000BH ;Interrupt vector of Timer 0 T0ISR: CPL P1.0 RETI ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV TMOD,#02H MOV TH0,#-50 SETB TR0 MOV IE,#82H SJMP $ END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 1
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to create a 20 kHz square wave on P1.7. (Crystal 24 MHz)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 1
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to create a 20 kHz square wave on P1.7. (Crystal 24 MHz)
ORG 0000H ;Reset LJMP MAIN ORG 001BH ;Interrupt vector of Timer 1 T0ISR: CPL P1.7 RETI ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV TMOD,#20H MOV TH1,#-50 SETB TR1 SETB EA SETB ET1 SJMP $ END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 2
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to output data from A to Port 1 every 100 us. Use crystal 12 MHz.

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 2
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to output data from A to Port 1 every 100 us. Use crystal 12 MHz.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 001BH ;Interrupt vector of Timer 1 MOV P1,A RETI ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV TMOD,#20H MOV TH1,#-100 SETB TR1 SETB EA SETB ET1 SJMP $ END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 3
Write a program using Timer and interrupt to send data from A to serial port (UART 8 bit, 1200 baud) every 250 us. Use crystal 12 MHz.

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 3
Write a program using Timer and interrupt to send data from A to serial port (UART 8 bit, 1200 baud) every 250 us. Use crystal 12 MHz.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 000BH ACALL PHAT RETI ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV TMOD,#22H MOV SCON,#52H MOV TH1,#-26 SETB TR1 MOV TH0,#-250 SETB TR0 SETB EA SETB ET0 SJMP $
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

PHAT:

JNB TI,$ CLR TI MOV SBUF,A RET END

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Timer (16 bit) Interrupt

Write a program using Timer 0 and interrupt to create a 1 kHz square wave on P1.1. (Crystal 12 MHz)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Timer (16 bit) Interrupt

Write a program using Timer 0 and interrupt to create a 1 kHz square wave on P1.1. (Crystal 12 MHz)
ORG 0000H LJMP CTCHINH ORG 000BH LJMP CTNGATTIMER0 ORG 0030H CTCHINH: MOV TMOD,#01H MOV TH0,#HIGH(-500) MOV TL0,#LOW(-500) SETB TR0 SETB EA SETB ET0 SJMP $ CTNGATTIMER0: CPL P1.1 CLR TR0 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-500) MOV TL0,#LOW(-500) SETB TR0 RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Timer (16 bit) Interrupt

Write a program using Timer 0 and interrupt to create a 1 kHz square wave on P1.1. (Crystal 12 MHz)
ORG 0000H LJMP CTCHINH ORG 000BH LJMP CTNGATTIMER0 ORG 0030H CTCHINH: MOV TMOD,#01H SETB EA SETB ET0 SETB TF0 ; p ngt SJMP $ CTNGATTIMER0: CPL P1.1 CLR TR0 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-500) MOV TL0,#LOW(-500) SETB TR0 RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 1
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to create a 100 Hz square wave on P1.2. (Crystal 24MHz)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 1
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to create a 100 Hz square wave on P1.2. (Crystal 24MHz)
ORG 0000H LJMP CTCHINH ORG 001BH LJMP CTNGATTIMER1 ORG 0030H CTCHINH: MOV TMOD,#10H SETB EA SETB ET1 SETB TF1 ; p ngt SJMP $ CTNGATTIMER1: CPL P1.2 CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-10000) MOV TL1,#LOW(-10000) SETB TR1 RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 2
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to complement P1.2 every 1 sec. (Crystal 12 MHz)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Practice Problem 2
Write a program using Timer 1 and interrupt to complement P1.2 every 1 sec. (Crystal 12 MHz)
ORG 0000H LJMP CTCHINH ORG 001BH LJMP CTNGATTIMER1 ORG 0030H CTCHINH: MOV TMOD,#10H SETB EA SETB ET1 SETB TF1 ; p ngt SJMP $ CTNGATTIMER1: CPL P1.2 CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-10000) MOV TL1,#LOW(-10000) SETB TR1 RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Two Square Waves Using Timer Interrupts

Write a program using interrupts to create 7 kHz and 500 Hz square waves on P1.7 and P1.6. (Crystal 12 MHz)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Two Square Waves Using Timer Interrupts

Write a program using interrupts to create 7 kHz and 500 Hz square waves on P1.7 and P1.6
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 000BH LJMP T0ISR ORG 001BH LJMP T1ISR ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV TMOD,#12H MOV IE,#8AH MOV TH0,#-71 SETB TR0 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-1000) MOV TL1,#LOW(-1000) SETB TR1 SJMP $ T0ISR: CPL P1.7 RETI T1ISR: CPL P1.6 CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-1000) MOV TL1,#LOW(-1000) SETB TR1 RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Character Output Using Interrupts

Write a program using interrupts to continually transmit the ASCII code set (excluding control codes) to a terminal attached to the 8051s serial port (1200 baud, 12 MHz crystal). The ASCII codes consist of 95 graphic codes (20H to 7EH) and 33 control codes (00H to 1FH, and 7FH).
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0023H LJMP SPISR ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV TMOD,#20H MOV TH1,#-26 SETB TR1 MOV SCON,#42H MOV IE,#90H MOV A,#20H SETB TI SJMP $ SPISR: CJNE A,#7FH,SKIP MOV A,#20H SKIP: MOV SBUF,A INC A CLR TI RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Character Output Using Interrupts (2)

Write a program using interrupts to continually transmit the ASCII code set (excluding control codes) to a terminal attached to the 8051s serial port (1200 baud, 12 MHz crystal). The ASCII codes consist of 95 graphic codes (20H to 7EH) and 33 control codes (00H to 1FH, and 7FH).

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Character Output Using Interrupts (2)

Write a program using interrupts to continually transmit the ASCII code set (excluding control codes) to a terminal attached to the 8051s serial port (1200 baud, 12 MHz crystal). The ASCII codes consist of 95 graphic codes (20H to 7EH) and 33 control codes (00H to 1FH, and 7FH).
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0023H LJMP SPISR ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV SCON,#52H MOV TMOD,#20H MOV TH1,#-26 SETB TR1 MOV A,#20H MOV IE,#90H SJMP $ SPISR: CLR TI MOV SBUF,A INC A CJNE A,#7FH,SKIP MOV A,#20H SKIP: RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Furnace Controller
Using interrupts, design an 8051 furnace controller that keeps a building at 20oC 1oC. Temperature sensors are connected to /INT0 and /INT1 and provide /HOT and /COLD signals. The furnace ON/OFF solenoid is connected to P1.7. /HOT = 0 if T > 21oC /COLD = 0 if T < 19oC P1.7 = 1 : Furnace ON P1.7 = 0 : Furnace OFF

P3.2

P3.3

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Furnace Controller
Using interrupts, design an 8051 furnace controller that keeps a building at 20oC 1oC.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H CLR P1.7 RETI ORG 0013H SETB P1.7 RETI ORG 0030H MOV IE,#85H SETB IT0 SETB IT1 SETB P1.7 JB P3.2,SKIP CLR P1.7 SJMP $ END

E0ISR:

;turn furnace off

E1ISR:

;turn furnace on

MAIN:

SKIP:

;enable external 0 & 1 interrupts ;negative edge triggered for external 0 ;negative edge triggered for external 1 ;turn furnace on ;if T > 21 degrees, ; turn furnace off ;do nothing

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Intrusion Warning System (1)

Design an intrusion warning system using interrupts that sounds a 400 Hz tone using loudspeaker connected to P1.7 whenever a door sensor connected /INT0 makes a high-to-low transition.

P3.2

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Intrusion Warning System (1)

Design an intrusion warning system using interrupts that sounds a 400 Hz tone using loudspeaker connected to P1.7 whenever a door sensor connected /INT0 makes a high-to-low transition.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H LJMP E0ISR ORG 001BH LJMP T1ISR ORG 0030H MAIN: SETB IT0 MOV TMOD,#10H MOV IE,#81H SJMP $ E0ISR: SETB TF1 SETB ET1 RETI T1ISR: CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-1250) MOV TL1,#LOW(-1250) CPL P1.7 SETB TR1 RETI END

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Intrusion Warning System (2)

Design an intrusion warning system using interrupts that sounds a 400 Hz tone for 50 ms (using loudspeaker connected to P1.7) whenever a door sensor connected /INT0 makes a high-to-low transition.

P3.2

50 ms

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Intrusion Warning System (2)

Design an intrusion warning system using interrupts that sounds a 400 Hz tone for 50 ms (using loudspeaker connected to P1.7) whenever a door sensor connected /INT0 makes a high-to-low transition.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H LJMP E0ISR ORG 000BH LJMP T0ISR ORG 001BH LJMP T1ISR ORG 0030H MAIN: SETB IT0 MOV TMOD,#11H MOV IE,#81H SJMP $ E0ISR: MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000) MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000) SETB TR0 SETB TF1 Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie SETB ET0 SETB ET1 RETI T0ISR: CLR TR0 CLR ET0 CLR ET1 RETI T1ISR: CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-1250) MOV TL1,#LOW(-1250) CPL P1.7 SETB TR1 RETI END

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Intrusion Warning System (3)

Design an intrusion warning system using interrupts that sounds a 400 Hz tone for 1 second (using loudspeaker connected to P1.7) whenever a door sensor connected /INT0 makes a high-to-low transition.

P3.2

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie

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Intrusion Warning System (3)

Design an intrusion warning system using interrupts that sounds a 400 Hz tone for 1 second (using loudspeaker connected to P1.7) whenever a door sensor connected /INT0 makes a high-to-low transition.
ORG 0000H LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H LJMP E0ISR ORG 000BH LJMP T0ISR ORG 001BH LJMP T1ISR ORG 0030H MAIN: SETB IT0 MOV TMOD,#11H MOV IE,#81H SJMP $ E0ISR: MOV R7,#20 SETB TF0 SETB TF1 SETB ET0 Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie SETB ET1 RETI T0ISR: CLR TR0 DJNZ R7,SKIP CLR ET0 CLR ET1 LJMP EXIT SKIP: MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000) MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000) SETB TR0 EXIT: RETI T1ISR: CLR TR1 MOV TH1,#HIGH(-1250) MOV TL1,#LOW(-1250) CPL P1.7 SETB TR1 RETI L Ch Thng 52 END

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References
I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller Cc ti liu trn Internet khng trch dn hoc khng ghi tc gi

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