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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I want to thank my God who allowed me to perform this activity without any difficulties. Secondly I would like to thank my colleagues, classmates who supported me during data collection and the tutors who help at all stages to come up with this report. Among which include: Dr. Nuh Hajji Abdi Dr. Abdi /Qadir Khaliif Dr. Abdulahi Hirsi Dr. Abdulahi Sheikh Mohamed IT Matinde Thomas Finally I want to give thanks to my parents for their encouragement and support towards my educational career.
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Table of Contents Chapter one: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Background of the study area. ................................................................................. 1 Chapter two: Objectives and methods ................................................................................ 1 2.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................ 1 Chapter three: Activities carried out ................................................................................... 1 3.1. Traditional slaughterhouse ....................................................................................... 1 3.1.1. Activities performed at the slaughterhouse....................................................... 2 3.1.3. Roles of the municipality at the slaughter house are: ....................................... 2 3.1.4. Constraints faced the slaughterhouse ................................................................ 2 3.2 Burao livestock market ............................................................................................. 2 3.2.1 The price of livestock in the market .................................................................. 2 3.2.2. Market actors .................................................................................................... 3 3.2.3 Role of municipality in the livestock market. .................................................... 3 3.2.4 Role of veterinarians in livestock market. ......................................................... 3 3.2.5 Constrains of livestock market........................................................................... 3 3.3 Milk market in Burao ............................................................................................ 3 3.3.1. Milk Pricing ...................................................................................................... 4 3.3.2. Constrains of Milk Market ................................................................................ 4 3.4 Maandeeq camel dairy farm ......4 3.5 Alla-magan tannery........4 3.5.1Processing of the skin: ........................................................................................ 4 3.5.2 Materials used for skin processing..................................................................... 5 3.6 International Livestock Company......5 Chapter four: Conclusions, Recommendations and lessons learnt ..................................... 5 4.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 5 4.2. Recommendation ..................................................................................................... 5 4.3 Lessons learnt............................................................................................................ 5
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2.2. Methodology
Observation: Observing different livestock facilities in the attached areas.
Palpation: It is method used to touch with pressure on organs. Interview: It is method used to collect data from different people.
3.1.1. Activities performed at the slaughterhouse During the field, students analyzed both sections of the slaughterhouse and carried out inspection and postmortem examination of the carcasses. A total of 45 small ruminants were inspected by using various approaches and techniques such as; Observation, Palpation, Cut section and opening internal organs. Table 1: Shows postmortem findings from the slaughter house.
Species No. of animals inspected Shoats 18 Shoats 12 Shoats 8 Organs affected Rumen Liver Lymph nodes Abnormality Normal cases Affected cases
12 9 6
6 3 2
Shoats
Intestine
3.1.3. Roles of the municipality at the slaughter house are: Controlling hygiene.
Collecting taxation. Ensuring security and Repairing the infrastructures needed at slaughterhouse.
3.1.4. Constraints faced the slaughterhouse Lack of electricity. Lack of veterinary services. Lack of water pools and water supply and lack of hygiene.
SLSH = Somaliland shillings; $1 = 6,600 SLSH 3.2.2. Market actors There are several actors that are involved in the market activities at different levels and each one has his own role in the market and they are; Producers: Mainly are pastorals who bring their animals to the market for selling, producers who are far from the market transport their animals by trucks and the ones that are near the market trek their animals Brokers: They mediate between producers and traders or local butchers; they also facilitate the activities in livestock market and play an important role in price negotiation. Traders: In general traders consist of local and export traders, the local ones sell their animals within the country while the export ones sell their animals for exportation. Butcher: Buy the animals for local consumption. 3.2.3 Role of municipality in the livestock market. Collected taxes Maintaining hygiene Security of the market 3.2.4 Role of veterinarians in livestock market. Inspection of the animals. Treating the sick animal in the market. Condemn if the animal is pregnant or have any abnormal clinical signs. Provide permanent movement certificate. Constrains of livestock market. Livestock market constrain include: Inadequate shelter, poor veterinary services, Poor hygiene and lack of association among market actors.
3.3.1. Milk Pricing The milk can be classified according to the species of the animal i.e. camel, sheep, cattle and goat; and according to their quality i.e. s sour milk and fresh milk. All this determine the price at which the milk is sold; camel milk is more expensive than small ruminants milk. Similarly fresh milk was more expensive than sour milk. Table 3: Price of milk by animal species
Species Camel Goat Cattle *****1$:6500, 000slsh Price of milk (SLSH)/per cub**** 7000(SLSH) 6500(SLSH) 6500(SLSH)
Constrains of Milk Market Constrains faced in the milk market includes: Poor hygiene and sanitation, contaminated milk container and lack of milk preservation. 3.4 Maandeeq camel dairy farm Maandeeq camel dairy farm is located at the Western of Burao district and it is away 7km from the district. It was established in 2005 in an estimated area of 115 hectares of land. It has the grazing area and pens for the camel. Total animals rearing the farmer were 65 camels. However, only 35 camels were seen during the study. The all camel was lactated except one pregnant female camel. The milking system of the lactating camels starts early morning and at the evening. Camels are milked by using hand; using sterilized traditional vessels known as hadhuub/Haruub. The camel produces 150 litter of milk per day; this milk is transported to the Burao milk market by a car. This milk is in the Burcoa district since they are fresh milk of suitable drink. Infrastrures of dairy farm There are four pens in the farm; two for calves and four for adult camels. There are 8 Workers in the farm those are all male. Three of them rear and keep for animals while other five workers cultivate the grassing part of the farm. The farm has watering system which is pore holes.
3.5.1Processing of the skin: During processing the skin there is different section where different activities are performed the following are some of these sections. Salting section This section is designed for salting of all skin types and skin should salt three days before drying. The skins are classified according to the animal species and processing method. The skins from small ruminants are exported after they are semi-processed while those of cattle and camels are used locally.
Declaiming section This section is designed to declaim skin of camels and cattle. This process takes more the 10 days and it undergoes different steps: Note: After every step skin should be cleaned and shaved using clean knives. 3.5.2 Materials used for skin processing Water, chemicals (Chrome, NaSO4, acid and Ca CO3.), protection materials (gloves, plastic boots), skin and 12 pools are need to complete the process at the factory.
4.2. Recommendation
Government and entrepreneurs should ensure hygiene at the slaughterhouses and milk market. Slaughterhouse workers should be provided with protective materials to reduce the risk of infections. Slaughter house must be provided with electricity and sufficient bulbs. Enough water must be provided in the livestock market. Government should encourage the investment and sustainability of international livestock company.