Preface

In American cities, piping systems are complex and marvelous. But the average city dweller does not know of, and could not care less about, buried pipes and simply takes them for granted. This person could not contemplate the consequences if these services were to be disrupted. City managers and pipeline engineers are sobered by the present-day reality of deteriorating pipe systems. The problem is almost overwhelming. Engineers who deal with piping systems will be key in helping to solve this problem. The first edition (1990) and the second edition (2001) of this book were both well received and hopefully have been of some help to the various practitioners who deal with buried piping systems. We also hope that the third edition (2008) will be helpful in designing, installing, replacing, and rehabilitating buried pipe systems. There has been progress and some changes in the 7 years since the second edition was published. There have been some additions in this new edition; however, most of the material that appeared in the second edition is also included here. In addition, there have been minor changes such as corrections of the errors pointed out by readers. Most of these errors were typesetting errors in equations. Our sincere thanks to readers for their help. Dr. Steven L. Folkman, associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering has coauthored this edition. He is an expert in finite element analysis. Following is a list of the subjects covered in each chapter, with special mention of new material: Chapter 1, Introduction and Overview. This chapter remains unchanged. Chapter 2, External Loads. Methods are given for the determination of loads that are imposed on buried pipes, along with the various factors that contribute to these loads. Also included are discussions on minimum soil cover, similitude, soil subsidence, load due to temperature rise, seismic loads, and flotation.
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Chapter 3, Design of Gravity Flow Pipes. Design methods that are used to determine an installation design for buried gravity flow pipes are described. Soil types and their uses in pipe embedment and backfill are discussed. Design methods are placed in two general classes: rigid pipe design and flexible pipe design. Pipe performance limits are given, and recommended safety factors are reviewed. Compaction techniques, E analysis, parallel pipes and trenches, and analytical methods for predicting performance of buried flexible pipes are topics discussed. The section on finite element methods for the design of buried piping systems has been improved for this third edition. Chapter 4, Design of Pressure Pipes. This chapter deals with the design methods for buried pressure-pipe installations. Included in this chapter are specific design techniques for various pressure-piping products. Methods for determining internal loads, external loads, and combined loads and strains induced by combined loading are given along with design bases. The theory for cyclic life of PVC pipe in buried pressurized flexible pipe has been totally revised to reflect new research and is also in agreement with the new AWWA C900-2007. Chapter 5, Rigid Pipe Products. This chapter deals with generic rigid pipe products. For each product, select standards and material properties are listed. The standards are from standards organizations such as the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Included are the direct method, design strengths for concrete pipe, and soil-pipe interaction design and analysis (SPIDA). Actual design examples for the various products are given. This chapter is essentially the same as in the second edition. Chapter 6, Steel and Ductile Iron Flexible Pipe Products. This chapter deals with generic steel and ductile iron pipe products. For each product, selected standards and material properties are listed. The standards are from standards organizations such as AWWA and ASTM. The chapter includes three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) modeling of a corrugated steel pipe arch, tests on spiral ribbed steel pipe, tests on low-stiffness ribbed steel pipe, and tests on ductile iron pipe. Actual design examples for the various products are given. Chapter 7, Plastic Flexible Pipe Products. This chapter deals with generic plastic pipe products. For each product, selected standards and material properties are listed. The standards are from standards organizations such as AWWA and ASTM. Included are long-term stress relaxation and strain testing of PVC pipes, frozen-in stresses, cyclic pressures and elevated temperatures, the AWWA study on the use of PVC, long-term ductility of polyethylene (PE), the environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) and notched constant tensile load (NCTL) tests

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for polyethylene (PE), and full-scale testing of HDPE profile-wall pipes. Actual design examples for the various products are given. Chapter 8, Pipe Installation and Trenchless Technology. This chapter includes information on pipe handling and trenching as well as some safety aspects. The Trenchless Technology section has been updated and contains information for the fast-growing and changing field of trenchless methods for installing and rehabilitating pipelines. A. P. Moser S. L. Folkman