PERFORMANCE STANDARDS OF HVAC EQUIPMENT (HVAC EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE CONSULTANCY)

For

Australian Building Codes Board

Prepared by:

DASCEM Holdings Pty Limited PO Box 285 World Trade Centre MELBOURNE VIC 3005 GC 576 In conjunction with ORART & CO Grd. Fl., Bellevue Street Surrey Hills, NSW 2010 February 2003

Australian Building Codes Board

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS OF HVAC EQUIPMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.1 1.2 1.3

1.3.1 1.3.2

1
2 2 2 3

3
3

INTRODUCTION Background Objectives Scope

Stage 1: Stage 2:

2 2.1

STAGE 1 Survey and Identification of Equipment Performance

General Comments Water Chilling Packages Heat Rejection Equipment Boilers Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations Pumped Water Systems Fan Systems

4 4

4 4
7
7
8
8
8

2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7

2.2
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6

Recommendations on Steps in Capacity

Water Chilling Packages Heat Rejection Equipment Boilers Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations Pumped Water Systems Fan Systems

9
9
9
9
9
9

2.3
2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6

Codes and Standards for Equipment Performance Rating

Water Chilling Packages Heat Rejection Equipment Boilers Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations Pumped Water Systems Fan Systems

9
10
10
10
10
10

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2.4
2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6

Referenced Manufacturers & Suppliers

Water Chilling Packages Heat Rejection Equipment Boilers Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations Pumped Water Systems Fan Systems

11

11
11
12
12
12
12

GLOSSARY BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES APPENDIX A EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE SCHEDULES

13 14 15 16

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report presents a summary of the results of the HVAC equipment performance survey and assessment of energy consumption rates. A survey of equipment suppliers for each of the equipment type categories has been completed. A tabulation of equipment performance data based on data gathered is included at Appendix A. Comments on the process of data gathering have been included where applicable. As shown in appendix A, steps in capacity for Water Chilling Packages are practical and reflect chillers available currently on the Australian market. The performance requirement for Heat Rejection Equipment covered the full range of capacities. There was no significant variation in the performance indicator from large to small cooling towers hence a single indicator seems appropriate. cooled condensers. Three performance indicators for small, medium and large boilers are more than sufficient since the manufacturers supplied efficiency varies little. There was little variation between the <= 75 kW and > 75 kW capacities for gas fired unducted type warm air furnaces and therefore one figure for all sizes would seem more appropriate. The capacity steps for the pump systems are appropriate and a reasonable level of size discernment is necessary since the performance indicator varies significantly with the size of system. Again, a reasonable level of size discernment is necessary for the fan systems since the performance indicator varies significantly with the size of system. The same is applicable to air

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1
1.1

INTRODUCTION
Background
Measures for the largely commercial

The ABCB, in cooperation with the AGO, is developing energy efficiency measures suitable for inclusion in the Building Code of Australia (BCA).

buildings covered by Volume One of the Code are being prepared separately from those for housing referred to in Volume Two. The Commercial strand of the energy efficiency project will employ extensive computational modelling; first to set benchmarks for the annual energy usage of commonplace (or baseline) buildings and then to assess the reductions available from specific energy saving features that could be applied to them. Comparison of energy cost savings with the lifecycle cost of proposed features will identify the features suitable for the deemed-to-satisfy provisions of the BCA. To keep computational modelling effort within practical bounds, a limited number of Representative Buildings will exemplify Australias diverse building stock. Each Representative Building is defined by its: Form (shape and size) Function (usage profile - based on BCA Class) Fabric (envelope construction) Facilities (or building services - including HVAC, power and light) Fabric and building services profiles may change with location to suit different climatic conditions. Five basic forms, systematically selected, have been fitted with varying

combinations of fabric, function and services to generate a much larger set of Representative Buildings that are articular to their location and use.

1.2

Objectives

The equipment performance will be: 1. used to develop the future energy efficiency Deemed-to-Satisfy provisions for

Volume One of the BCA; and 2. included in a Verification Method, for assessing Alternative Solutions for specific buildings in specific locations, or in an advisory document; and 3. used in developing a Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS).

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1.3

Scope

The proposal was undertake the survey in two stages. The content and the stages proposed are as follows: 1.3.1 Stage 1:

1. Survey and identify the current performance criteria for the equipment shown in Appendix A. Current performance criteria must be representative of equipment performance used by Australian industry and, specifically, must be able to be supplied by equipment of three different manufacturers. 2. Examine the steps in capacity shown in Appendix A and provide recommendations on their suitability for inclusion in the energy provisions. 3. Tabulate current performance levels in table format shown in Appendix A. 4. Identify codes and standards that are used to rate the performance of the air conditioning, heating and ventilation equipment shown in Appendix A. Consider only those codes in Australia and from overseas that are acceptable to Australian industry. 5. Provide a summary report, in tabulated form and in Microsoft Excel or Word format, on the results of the survey and the codes. 1.3.2 Stage 2:

6. Carry out a limited survey of manufacturers and suppliers in Australia and identify any improvements in the performance of equipment up to the end of 2004 that the ABCB and AGO should be cognisant of when formulating the energy provisions in the BCA. 7. Provide recommendations for equipment performance that could be incorporated into the energy code. Tabulate the recommendations in the table format shown in Appendix A. 8. Provide a final report, in tabulated form and in Microsoft Excel and Word format, on the results of the survey, the codes and recommendations.

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2
2.1
2.1.1

STAGE 1
Survey and Identification of Equipment Performance
General Comments

A survey of equipment and plant has been completed for chillers, heat rejection equipment, boilers, warm air furnaces, pumps and fans. Data has been collected and values entered for a range of sizes. The results of the equipment performance survey are tabulated in Appendix A. Generally data has been rather difficult to assemble due to a number of factors. Some makers will not to give out specific data, preferring rather to quote sizes and performances for a specific job, for fear of being under cut by competition. Much time was wasted pursuing well known manufacturers only to find that in the current business climate they had either gone out of business or been taken over. Manufacturers were not very interested in giving out information if they felt that they would not get any returns so it was not politic to mention energy surveys or the like. The best course of action was to request catalogues that you needed to pursue design requirements and this was the course adopted. Entering fan and pump data was very time consuming and because the values selected were random and not for a specific job, the equipment selected could appear very inefficient. In some cases the pump chosen could not be fitted into the performance curves so it was not possible to make a selection. The amount of data requested was considerable; for pumps and fans particularly all flows against all pressures, meant a great deal of time was spent sorting through selection data. 2.1.2 Water Chilling Packages

COP and testing procedures relating to water chilling packages of various cooling capacities and compressor types currently available on the Australian market as indicated by manufacturers/ suppliers are presented. Equipment Types a) For the Australian market, the DTS provisions covering over 99% of applications allow amalgamation of the absorption chiller types into Engine driven

Gas/hot water/ steam driven

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b) Air cooled with and without condenser could be grouped together as whether or not the chiller/air cooled condenser is purchased as a package or with remote condenser, the performance criteria are essentially the same (assuming the air cooled condenser is sized correctly for rated heat rejection and ignoring pipe losses). The COP/IPLV must include air cooled condenser energy use for remote as well as package unit. Performance Levels The scheduled COP/IPLV attached Appendix A, are lower/middle range available at ARI 550/590 standard conditions. Note that performance (COP levels) are substantially altered by refrigerant types, generally increasing by about 10% using R134 and reducing by about 10% using 407C, compared with R22. The compressor choice, screw, scroll and rotary, compared to reciprocating, also have a significant effect on COP. Some manufacturers have calculated (not tested) IPLV part load COP figures (as per ARI 550/590). RIS Considerations There is also a cost effect and a subsequent regulatory impact statement (RIS) would need to take this into account particularly at the under 500 kW water and air cooled reciprocating, compared to higher COP, but higher cost screw and other compressor options. The IPLV efficiency is substantially altered by the method of capacity control, multiple reciprocating or single reciprocating with unloading, versus other compressor types and controls, all of which have significant cost versus efficiency effects. This is another situation that an RIS may have to consider as; COP/IPLV is played off against initial cost of cheaper components having reduced efficiency versus higher initial expense. Design Considerations & Criteria for Other Parts of the HVAC System It is most important that the DTS performance, minimum efficiency selections do not allow seemingly efficient chillers to be installed at the expense of inefficient or impractical other components. Noise, pipe longevity, insulation, and maintainability, and need to be kept to

industry standards, as do air and water velocities and pressures and temperature differences. We must not allow a wag the dog situations where regulations, DTS, favour an efficient chiller coupled to an inefficient air handler, tower, pump, pipe and duct system.

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Reference to and mandatory use of equivalents to AIRAH handbook guidelines (or ASHRAE/CIBSE guidelines) for velocities and temperature differences, air and water, can prevent this from occurring. Fluid moving energy (air and water, fans and pumps) is a major component of energy consumption in most larger HVAC systems. The DTS solution needs to address fluid moving energy by Optimal selection of temperature and pressure differences in air and water Length of the distribution system ducts and pipes. Operating pressures and velocities have significant impact on system energy consumption and must be optimised in conjunction with chillers and other energy consuming equipment. One of the manufacturers, Trane, with their earthwise concept has given a revised emphasis. Their data shows that the complete system energy efficiency can be improved by widening the temperature splits for chilled water/condenser water. This may in fact have the chillers

operating outside of their maximum efficiency range, but the significant savings in other system equipment produce overall, a system, which reduces energy consumption. This concept is applicable to new installations and refurbishments. Part load operation is a difficult area. How do we protect users of chillers from what appear to be high efficiency chillers but which due to the particular load profiles for an application, operate for a substantial time at very poor actual operating efficiencies. The ARI 550/590 attempts to address this problem with the 1998 issue, but the very detailed assumptions relating to the IPLV, may not apply to a significant number of projects. Part Load and Capacity Control The various manufacturers have many strategies for providing part load, at varying efficiencies, unloading variable speed drives, multiple compressors these are manufacturer and model specific and would not easily fit into a regulatory framework. Standard Test Conditions The ARI 550/590 1998, standard rating conditions Table 1, correspond quite well to Sydney design conditions ambient 35.0 C. wet bulb 23.9 C. condenser water entering temp. 29.4 C

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Leaving chiller water 6.7 C.

Several of the other seven climatic regions may need to correct ratings for their ambient conditions. Does the DTS need to adjust minimum COP to take account of the differing Australian ambient conditions - that is different from any international standard rating method? 2.1.3 Heat Rejection Equipment

The following cooling tower manufacturers have been surveyed: Manufacturer No 1 B.A.C. Pacific - Forced draft type towers with centrifugal and axial flow fans for sizes between 30 l/sec and 87 l/sec condenser water flow rate corresponding to a heat rejection range of 750 kW to over 2,000 kW. Manufacturer No 2 SULZER Superchill Forced draft towers with centrifugal fans for sizes between 37.5 l/sec and 78 l/sec condenser water flow, and induced draft towers with propeller type fans for sizes between 36 l/sec and 105 l/sec, rate corresponding to a heat rejection range of 900 kW to over 2,600 kW. Manufacturer No 3 Tower Thermal Induced type tower with propeller fans for sizes between 31.3 l/sec and 81.9 l/sec rate corresponding to a heat rejection range of 780 kW to over 2,000 kW. This manufacturer in common with many who make fibreglass towers doesnt produce towers with centrifugal fans. Cooling towers presented difficulties in finding 3 manufacturers covering the range and types of towers requested. Some makers will not give out catalogues or general data for fear of compromising their competitive edge, preferring instead to quote and provide information for specific jobs. It was only possible to find two manufacturers that produced towers with centrifugal and axial flow fans. Most manufacturers of fibreglass towers only make a model using propeller or axial flow fans. Three manufacturers of air cooled condensers were surveyed; Buffalo Trident, Muller and Kirby. Their equipment surveyed covered a range from 10 kW to over 700 kW of heat rejection. 2.1.4 Boilers

The following boiler manufacturers have been surveyed: Manufacturer No 1 AIRA F.T.B. for gas fired boilers between sizes 300 kW and 2000 kW. Manufacturer No 2 BIASI for gas fired boilers between sizes150 kW and 2907 kW. Manufacturer No 3 ROCA for gas fired boilers between sizes 81.4 and 1744.2 kW.

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Manufacturer No 4 CHAPPEE for gas fired boilers between sizes 88kW and 835 kW. No difference was indicated in the efficiencies between gas and oil fired boilers, though gas fired would be cleaner and less trouble to maintain. 2.1.5 Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations

Only two manufacturers of industrial type warm-air furnaces were located though there are many companies producing small domestic type furnaces. manufacturers have been surveyed: Manufacturer No 1 CELMEC for unducted heaters from 12kW to 94kW and ducted type heaters from 17kW to 92kW. Manufacturer No 2 DRAVO for unducted heaters from 11kW to 93.76kW; ducted type heaters from 23.4kW to 187.5kW and direct type heaters from 117kW to 586kW. Again no difference was indicated between the efficiencies of gas and oil heaters in the manufacturers data. With the direct fired ducted type of heaters there are no flue losses and the tables for Dravo heaters show output and input values the same which indicates 100% efficiency. In actual fact tests in the factory and at installation show a water vapour loss of 8%. One warm air heater manufacturer mentioned that the efficiency of the units could be improved but is limited to 80-81% by the Gas Council of Australia who has to be present when units are tested or commissioned. When contacted the Gas Council refuted this but mentioned that all tests and requirements are in accordance with AG 501 and AS 3814 (Industrial and Gas Fired Appliances). The emission requirements of this standard in Clause 3.6.1. could have an influence on the efficiency of warm air units. 2.1.6 Pumped Water Systems The following warm-air furnace

The following pump manufacturers have been surveyed: Manufacturer No 1 Ajax International Manufacturer No 2 Regent Dinflow Manufacturer No 3 Thomson Kelly Lewis For flow rates between 50 m3/hour to 300 m3/hour at various pressures. 2.1.7 Fan Systems

The following fan manufacturers have been surveyed:

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Manufacturer No 1 Flakt Richardson for air flows from 500 l/sec to 2000 l/sec. Manufacturer No 1 SWG Forde for air flows from 500 l/sec to 2000 l/sec Manufacturer No 1 Fantech for air flows from 500 l/sec to 2000 l/sec

2.2
2.2.1

Recommendations on Steps in Capacity

Water Chilling Packages

As shown in appendix A, steps in capacity are practical and reflect chillers available currently on the Australian market. 2.2.2 Heat Rejection Equipment

The performance requirement covered the full range of capacities from small to medium-large installations. There was no significant variation in the performance indicator from large to small cooling towers hence a single indicator seems appropriate. cooled condensers. 2.2.3 Boilers The same is applicable to air

Three performance indicators for small, medium and large boilers are more than sufficient since the manufacturers supplied efficiency varies little. 2.2.4 Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations

There was little variation between the <= 75 kW and > 75 kW capacities for gas fired unducted type warm air furnaces and therefore one figure for all sizes would seem more appropriate. 2.2.5 Pumped Water Systems

The capacity steps for the pump systems are appropriate and a reasonable level of size discernment is necessary since the performance indicator varies significantly with the size of system. 2.2.6 Fan Systems

Again, a reasonable level of size discernment is necessary for the fan systems since the performance indicator varies significantly with the size of system.

2.3
2.3.1

Codes and Standards for Equipment Performance Rating

Water Chilling Packages

Australian AS3823 series related only to non ducted and ducted air conditioning units not applicable to chillers. These standards are adapted from ISO 5151-B25. There is a Eurovent chiller standard (Europe) but European manufacturers seem to recognise the ARI standard.

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There is a JIS standard (Japan) for chiller testing (details not available at this time) At this stage, ARI 550/590 1998, seems readily applicable to Australian conditions does address comprehensively, for U.S. conditions, the part load efficiency situation and relates to U.S. and European designed chillers. The Japanese chillers surveyed are rated at typically 7 C leaving water, 35 C ambient air and 28 C. condenser water, with a range of performance relating to an envelope of conditions either side of these figures. If we refer to ARI 550/590 - 1998 in the DTS references, and use this code as a verification method for performance based solutions, we have and authoritative and consistent document to refer to, which does relate in the main to conditions which are recognisable in Australia, by practitioners and chiller manufacturers/suppliers. 2.3.2 Heat Rejection Equipment

Tower Thermal to AS 3666.1.1995 SULZER Superchill to AS3666.1. BAC> C.T.I (Cooling Tower institute) thermal performance standard STD-201. And CTI acceptance test code ATC-105. 2.3.3 Boilers

No codes or standards were able to be identified in relation to the performance ratings of the equipment surveyed. Further research is needed in this area to identify appropriate standards for performance testing. It s expected that European standards have been used in most cases; however no specific reference has been made in the data. 2.3.4 Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations

As above no codes or standards were able to be identified in relation to the performance ratings of the equipment surveyed. 2.3.5 Pumped Water Systems

Thomson, Kelly, Lewis to I.S.O.2858 (DIN24255 not satisfying demands of heavy duty performance pumps). Regent. To DIN24255. Ajax to AS2417 and DIN24255. 2.3.6 Fan Systems

SWG Forde. Factory tested for each fan but no data on how values are obtained.

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Fantech tested to BS 848:part1 1980 for airflow and part 2, 1985 for noise. ABB Flakt Richardson. N.A.T.A. CERTIFIED Fan Test Laboratory. Testing in accordance with BS 848 Part 1. 1980 test method type B-D and BS848 Part 2 1966 test method type 3. Also compliance with A.M.C.A.210 method fig 7. Working with CSIRO on project to reduce

centrifugal fan noise through mechanical design refinement.

2.4
2.4.1

Referenced Manufacturers & Suppliers

Water Chilling Packages Chiller Efficiency Survey Respondents

The

product

survey

included

detailed

discussions

with

the

following

importers/manufacturers/suppliers of chillers to the Australian market, currently and in the near future. Carrier York Hirotech Hitachi Daikin Trane Multistack Ross Jacka (02) 9818 9700 Jim Mawer (02) 9418 3002 Robert Garnet (02) 9750 4666 John McDermott (02) 9888 4124 Gary Knox (02) 9755 3322 G.S. Rao (02) 9888 6122 Changis Tolouee (03) 9265 8000

University of NSW Air Conditioning Testing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Prof. Eddie Leonardi re testing and standards. AREMA Ian Binger (03) 9867 0111

Referenced to the major chiller suppliers for technical information. AREMA as an organisation do not keep technical data We worked in conjunction with Simon Hill ph: (02) 9449 7183 2.4.2 Heat Rejection Equipment

The following cooling tower manufacturers/suppliers were surveyed: B.A.C. Pacific. ph: (03) 9872 0111. SULZER Superchill. ph: (03) 9793 6166. Tower Thermal. ph: (03) 9877 5066.

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Buffalo Trident. ph: (03) 9311 4480. Muller Industries. ph: (03) 9355 3333. Kirby Refrigeration. ph: (03) 9561 0199. 2.4.3 Boilers

The following boiler manufacturers/suppliers were surveyed:

ROCA - AIRA. ph: (03) 9728 5566.
AIRA F.T.B. ph: (03) 9728 5566.
BIASI Hunt Heating. ph: (03) 9558 7077
CHAPPEE Automatic Heating appliances. ph: (03) 9330 3300.
2.4.4 Warm Air Furnaces & Combinations

The following warm air furnace manufacturers/suppliers were surveyed:

CELMEC. ph: (03) 9555 3667.
DRAVO - AIRA. ph: (03) 9728 5566.
2.4.5 Pumped Water Systems

The following pump manufacturers/suppliers were surveyed:

Ajax International. ph: (03) 9314 0611.
Regent Dinflow. ph: (03) 9551 5111.
Thomson Kelly Lewis. ph: (03) 9562 0744.
2.4.6 Fan Systems

The following fan manufacturers/suppliers were surveyed:

Flakt Richardson. ph: (03) 9248 8500.
SWG Forde. ph: (03) 9808 6511.
Fantech. ph: (03) 9560 2599.

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GLOSSARY

COP Coefficient of Performance. Performance indicator applied to chillers. Refer to ARI 550/590. IPLV Integrated Part Load Value. Performance indicator applied to chillers. Refer to ARI 550/590. l/s.kW Air flow rate divided by heat rejection capacity. Performance indicator applied to heat rejection equipment. W.s/l Pump nameplate power divided by water flow rate. applied to pumps. OR Fan nameplate power divided by air flow rate. Performance indicator applied to fans. Performance indicator

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. ARI Standard 550/590 - 1998: Water Chilling Packages using the Vapour Compression Cycle. Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute. 2. ARI Standard 560 - 2000: Absorption Water Chilling and Water Heating Packages. Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute. 3. Application Manual No. DA17: Cooling Towers. Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating. 4. Application Manual No. DA1: Centrifugal Pumps Selection and Application. Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating. 5. Application Manual No. DA13: Fans Selection and Application. Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating.

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APPENDICES

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Appendix A

Equipment Performance Schedules

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WATER CHILLING PACKAGES MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Equipment type Size. K W refrigeration Air cooled with condenser, electrically operated < 500 > 500 Air cooled without condenser electrically operated < 500 > 500 Water cooled, electrically operated, reciprocating All capacities 2.5 to 2.9 3.5 to 4.0 3.3 to 3.5 Water cooled, electrically operated, rotary screw and scroll <500 <1000 >1000 Water cooled, electrically Operated, centrifugal Above 1000 to 5000 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.0 to 6.0 Gas absorption All capacities 1.0 Approx. 10% above COP 1.0 ARI 560 Water cooled absorption, hot water steam absorption All capacities 0.7 1.0 ARI 560 ARI 550/590 Approx. 10% above COP Approx. 10% above COP Approx. 10% above COP Approx. 10% above COP ARI 550/590 ARI 550/590 ARI 550/590 ARI 550/590 Minimum Efficiency (*) COP IPLV Test Procedure

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HEAT REJECTION EQUIPMENT - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Total system heat Equipment Type rejection capacity at rated condition 35C entering water all 29C leaving water 24C wb outdoor air 35C entering water all 29C leaving water 24C wb outdoor air R-22 test fluid 52C condensing temperature Air cooled condensers all 88C entering gas temperature 8K subcooling 35C db entering air < 77 < 17 C.T.I (Cooling Tower institute) thermal performance standard STD-201 < 18 Rated condition Performance Requirement (L/s.kW) Test Procedure

Cooling tower, propeller or axial fan Cooling tower, centrifugal fan

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BOILERS - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

Equipment Type Size, kW (heating) Rated condition Minimum Efficiency > 91% > 90% > 88% Test Procedure

Boilers, gas fired OR oil fired.

< 90 < 750 > 750

maximum capacity maximum capacity maximum capacity

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WARM AIR FURNACES & COMBINATIONS - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

Equipment Type Size, kW (heating) Rated condition Minimum Efficiency Test Procedure

Warm air furnaces, gas fired unducted type.

< 75 > 75

maximum capacity maximum capacity

> 80% > 80%

Warm air furnaces, gas fired unducted type. Warm air furnaces, gas fired ducted type

all capacities all capacities

maximum capacity maximum capacity

> 79% > 92%

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PUMPED WATER SYSTEMS - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Equipment Type System static head, kPa Performance Requirement, kW.s/L (*) < 0.14 < 0.20 < 0.26 < 0.33 < 0.44 < 0.57 AS2417, DIN24255, I.S.O.2858 Test Procedure

Condenser Water & Chilled water & Heating hot water

< 150 < 200 < 250 < 300 < 350 > 350 < 450

* - sum of all pumps in series in a circuit (eg. primary + secondary +) - derived from the pump water flow rate divided by the pump nameplate power

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FAN SYSTEMS - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Volumetric flow rate, L/s Operating static pressure, Pa Performance Requirement, W.s/L (*)

Equipment Type

Test Procedure

< 2,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

< 0.39 < 0.83 < 1.35 < 2.19 < 0.38 < 0.77 < 1.27 < 2.06 < 0.34 < 0.73 < 1.19 < 1.99 < 0.35 < 0.73 < 1.18 < 1.78 < 0.83 < 1.35 < 2.19 < 3.56 < 0.77 < 1.27 < 2.06 < 3.38 < 0.73 < 1.19 < 1.99 < 3.27 < 0.73 < 1.18 < 1.78 < 2.81 BS 848:part1 1980 for airflow and part 2, 1985 for noise BS 848:part1 1980 for airflow and part 2, 1985 for noise

< 5,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

Fan systems with clean filters pressure static pressure loss of less than 250Pa < 10,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

> 10,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

< 2,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

< 5,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

Fan systems with clean filter pressure static pressure loss greater than 250Pa < 10,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

> 10,000

< 500 < 750 < 1,000 > 1,000

* - sum of all fans in series in a circuit (eg.supply + return +) - derived from the fan volumetric flow rate flow rate divided by the fan nameplate power

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