7.5 Design Report Raft

Structural Design Criteria
PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT-THE 7TH SENSE

NO.18, GREGORY'S ROAD, COLOMBO-07
ANNEX 7.5 FOUNDATION DESIGN 7.5.1 SCOPE OF DESIGN WORKS The scope of design works to be carried out by Sanken Construction would include Design and detailing of Raft foundation for the load of Building.
7.5.2 7.5.3
DESIGN METHODOLOGY 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL OF RAFT FOUNDATION

th
Floor slab of the Proposed Residential Development, The 7 Sense is modeled using SAFE. Basic structural elements such as Columns are modeled with frame elements while Raft and Walls are modeled using shell elements. Boundary condition for upper columns/ walls is considered with related end constrains. Spring boundary conditions is used to modeled the soil interaction with the Raft. Imposed dead and live loads or pattern live loads are applied as follows as basic loads on structure. Column and wall Reactions (Load from the upper levels) are directly imported to the model from the ETABS building model Live loads at the basement 2 are considered according to BS6399 as specified in Preliminary Design Report Supper imposed dead load applied over the shell elements to accommodate finishes, services and fixed partitions as specified in Preliminary Design Report 7.5.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS
The following basic load combinations, according to BS 8110 and ACI 318 are considered to determine the most critical condition of the structural members. LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE 1.0 Self weight + 1.0 Dead load + 1.0 Live load 0.6 Self weight + 0.6 Dead load + 1.0 Wind 1.0 Self weight + 1.0 Dead load + 1.0 Wind LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE 1.40 Self weight + 1.40 Dead load + 1.60 Live load 1.20 Self weight + 1.20 Dead load + + 1.20 Wind 1.00 Self weight + 1.00 Dead load + 1.40 Wind

7.5.5
DESIGN PARAMETERS
CONCRETE MATERIAL PROPERTIES fcu N/mm2 35.000 Unit Weight kg/m3 2400.00 Ec N/mm2 28402
fcu = strength at 28 days(cube strength) Ec = modulus of elasticity at 28 days
REINFORCEMENT (NONPRESTRESSED) MATERIAL PROPERTIES fy N/mm2 460.000 fvy N/mm2 460.000 Es N/mm2 200000
fy = yield stress of longitudinal reinforcement fvy = yield stress of shear reinforcement Es = modulus of elasticity
SOIL PARAMETERS Allowable Settlement of The Foundation Allowable Bearing Capacity Soil Subgrade Modulus = 50 mm = 150 kN/m2 = 8000 kN/m3
MINIMUM COVER Cover to top bars Cover to bottom bars bottom bars CRACK WIDTH Crack with at service conditions = 0.2 mm = = = 40 mm 75 mm without protection 40 mm with protection
GEOMETRIC DATA Depth of raft = 1000mm

7.5.6
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
7.5.6.1 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF 3D MODEL 7.5.6.1.1 SAFE 3D MODEL

7.5.6.1.2 APPLIED LOADS Dead and live loads are directly taken from the 3D Structural Model and it is show graphically as below Dead loads from supper structure
Live loads from supper structure

7.5.6.1.3
TOTAL DEFLECTION
Settlement at service load (Gravity only/ mm)
Settlement at service load (Lateral X direction / mm)

Settlement at service load (Lateral Y direction / mm)
7.5.6.1.4
SOIL PRESUURE
Bearing Pressure at service load (Gravity / kN/m2)

7.5.6.1.5
SEVICE RESULTANT FORCES ON RAFT
Bending Moment M11
Bending Moment M22

17.5.6.1.6
ULTIMATE RESULTANT FORCES ON RAFT
Bending Moment M11
Bending Moment M22

7.5.6.1.7 SERVICE MOMENTS ON DESIGN STRIPS ALONG DESIGN STRIPS A
ALONG DESIGN STRIPS B

7.5.6.1.8 CALCULATE ADDITIONAL REINFORCEMENTS MAIN MESH T20@200 TOP AND BOTTOM BOTH DIRECTIONS STRIP A
STRIP B

MAIN MESH T20@200 TOP AND BOTTOM BOTH DIRECTIONS AND ADDITIONAL T16@200 AT MIDDLE OF STRIPS STRIP A
STRIP B

MAIN MESH T20@200 TOP AND BOTTOM BOTH DIRECTIONS AND ADDITIONAL T20@200 AT BOTTOM OF SUPPORTS AND T16@200 MIDDLE OF STRIPS STRIP A
STRIP B

MAIN MESH T20@200 TOP AND BOTTOM BOTH DIRECTIONS AND ADDITIONAL T25@200 AT BOTTOM OF SUPPORTS AND T16@200 MIDDLE OF STRIPS STRIP A

STRIP B

7.5.6.1.9
PUNCHING DESIGN

7.5.7
FLEXURAL DESIGN SAMPLE CALCULATION
Design Strip CSA1 (column Strip along the Grid D and Grid 2)
= = = = = = = Grade of Concrete (fcu) = Grade of Steel (fy) = Design Moment = = M/bd2 = = 100As/bd = = As = = As provided = = = Minimum reinforcement requirement 100As/bd = Surface zone = fct = rcri = = As/Ac =
Couln Strip width Depth of Slab Reinf bar dia (main) Cover to reinf Effective depth
4000mm 1000mm 20 mm (25 and 32 will be provided extra) 40 mm (1000-40-32+10) 938mm main direction 918mm secondary direction 35 N/mm2 460 N/mm2 6047 kNm at D2 column face CSA1 (Max 8898kNm) 5778 kNm at D2 column face CSB direction (Max 6592kNm) 1.715 main direction 1.71 secondary direction 0.45 main direction 0.45 secondary direction 17069 mm2 main direction 16642 mm2 secondary direction T20 @ 200+T25@200+8T32 20T20+20T25+8T32 22512 mm2 0.13 Table 3.25 BS8110 250mm Figure A1-A2 of BS8007 1.6 N/mm2 fct/fy 0.0035 0.0035

As Or Min provided
= = = = = =
0.0035*250*1000 mm2/m 875 mm2/m 0.13*1000*918/100 BS8110 1193.4 mm2/m T20 @200 (elsewhere in the slab) 1570 mm2/m
Provided reinforcements are satisfied with both min and Flexural requirements. For other places, check with chapter 7.5.6.1.8 (the provided graphical output data from SAFE model).

7.5.8
PUNCHING SHEAR CALCULATION
Consider the column at Grid D 2 Column size Ultimate axial force N Ultimate Bending Moment Effective depth Shear Perimeter at 1.5d Column perimeter x = V+1.5 M/x Vef Area covered column perimeter Load from the soil Therefore V ef Max shear stress Maximum stress is within the limits x Vef = V+1.5 M/x Vef Area covered by 1.5d shear perimeter Load from the soil Therefore V ef Shear stress 100As/bd (400/d)^ Vc Vc
0.25
= = = = = = =
600x1000 12794 kN 478 kNm 928 mm 14336 mm 3200 mm 600 mm
Vef
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
13990 kN 0.6 m2 0.6*150 90 kN 13900 kN 4.68 < 5 or 0.8Sqrt(35) =4.7 3384 mm
13006 kN 12.8 m2 12.8*150 1920 kN 11085 kN 11085*1000/928/14336 0.83 N/mm2 100*(5652+8820+6432)/3384/928 0.665% 1 with shear reinf 0.81 without shear reinf 1/3 1.12*0.79/1.25*(0.665)^ *0.81 or 1 BS 8110 Table 3.8 0.62 with shear reinf 0.50 without shear reinf 0.62 N/mm2
Punching is not satisfied; therefore punching shear reinforcements has to be provided Shear perimeter 0.75 away from the 1.5d = 2*1600+8*2.25*928*8 = 19904 mm x = 4776 mm Vef = V+1.5 M/x Vef = 12944 kN Area covered by 1.5d shear perimeter = 24.7 m2 Load from the soil = 24.7*150 = 3708 kN Shear stress = 9236*1000/19904/928 = 0.50 N/mm2 Punching shear is satisfied at second level of punching shear perimeter CLCULATE PUNCHING SHEAR REINFORCEMENTS Vc <V<1.6Vc Asv
= =
(v-vc)ud/0.95fyv or 0.4ud/0.95fyv 0.4*14336*928/0.95/460

Asv per side st 1 perimeter
= = =
12177 mm2 3044 mm2 1522 mm2
Therefore Link T16 - 8 numbers of legs per side along each shear perimeter up to the first 2 and later 5 legs per perimeter is provided @ 700mm spacing Consider the column at Grid D 1 Column size Ultimate axial force N Ultimate Bending Moment Effective depth Shear Perimeter at 1.5d Column perimeter x Vef = V+1.5 M/x Vef Max shear stress Maximum stress is within the limits x Vef = V+1.5 M/x Vef Area covered by 1.5d shear perimeter Load from the soil
= = = = = = = = = =
600x1000 10484 kN 160 kNm 928 mm 14336 mm 3200 mm 600 mm 11234 kN 3.8 < 5 or 0.8Sqrt(35) =4.7 3384 mm
= 10724 kN = 12 m2 = 12*150 = 1800 kN Therefore V ef = 8924 kN Shear stress = 8924*1000/928/14336 = 0.67 N/mm2 100As/bd = 100*(5652+8820+6432)/3384/928 = 0.665% 0.25 (400/d)^ = 1 with shear reinf = 0.81 without shear reinf 1/3 Vc = 1.12*0.79/1.25*(0.665)^ *0.81 or 1 BS 8110 Table 3.8 = 0.62 with shear reinf Vc = 0.50 Therefore punching is not satisfied
Since, the column size, depth and provided tension reinforcements are identical; calculation for punching reinforcement is a repeat of above for Grid D2. Punching shear reinforcements is considered to be the same for Grid D1. Next highest loading will be at the circular column C2 at A2-1 Column size diameter = 750mm circular Ultimate axial force N = 7659 kN Ultimate Bending Moment = 134 kNm Effective depth = 928 mm Shear Perimeter at 1.5d = 4*(750+2*1.5*928) = 14136 mm Column perimeter = 2356 mm x = 750 mm Vef = V+1.5 M/x Vef = 7927 kN Max shear stress = 3.62 < 5 or 0.8Sqrt(35) =4.7 Maximum stress is within the limits x = 3534 mm Vef = V+1.5 M/x Vef = 7716 kN

Area covered by 1.5d shear perimeter Load from the soil Therefore V ef Shear stress
= = = = = =
125 m2 12.5*150 1875 kN 5841 kN 5841*1000/928/14136 0.44 N/mm2
However, punching shear marginally satisfied locations (shear stress is greater than 0.4N/mm2) column C2 at Grid C and A2-1 were continuously reinforced with punching shear reinforcements calculated above. Please check the additional data provided in detail design report (this will be submitted later) Note. Shear capacity for 0.4% steel ratio is 0.45N/mm2 without providing shear reinforcements For details, check with attached Table 7.5.8.1

7.5.9
CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS
CRACK WIDTH CHECK FOR BASEMENT FLOOR SLAB
Limit crack width Diameter of main (vertical) reinforcement, Diameter of secondary (horizontal) reinforcement, ' Cover to tension bar Cover to compression bar , c 1 Minimum distance to the main bar , d' or c Fy fcu
= = = = = = = =
0.2 20 20 40 40 70 460 35
mm mm mm mm mm N /mm2 N /mm2
tension bars links or secondary layer
Consider the section, which two times the spacing between the main bars. Width of the section, bt Length of the section (depth), h Moment due to service load per meter, ms Moment due to service load, Ms (Ms = ms / bt) Short term elastic modulus of concrete, Ec Long term elastic modulus of reinforcement, Es Length between two main bars (bar spacing), l Length between main bar and edge of section at edge, l' Effective depth, d d Area of tension reinforcements, Ast As Modular ratio, e e Depth of the neutral axis, x x iterate here x Compressive force in concrete, Cc fc Cc Cc Cc / fc Force in Tension steel, T T fc / x T / fc Force in Compression steel, Cs Compression steel, Asc Cs fc / x Cs / fc Axial force From equilibrium condition P = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 265.00 mm 265 mm Ec c fc Ac ( fc + 0 ) / 2 *bx (bx) / 2 132500 mm2 fst e Ast fst / (d-x) e Ast (d-x) / x 186415.0943 mm2 5100 mm2 fsc e Asc fsc / (x-d') e Asc (x-d') / x 53611.85984 mm2 P 0 kN + compresive force Cc + Cs -T -1.92031121 kN neutral axis = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1000 1000 1000 1000 mm mm kN m /m kN m
28 kN/mm2 200 kN/mm2 100 mm 45 mm 930 mm 930 mm 5200 mm2 (T20-100, additional bars) 5200 mm2 Es / Ee 14.28571429 14.3 ( Ee = Ec/2 )
From equilibrium condition External Moment
= Internal Moment

M - Ph/2 M-Ph/2
= -bxfcx/6 - Asc(x-c )fcEsc /(xEc) + Ast(d-x)dfcEs/(xEc) 1 1 = -fc(bx2/6 + Asc(x-c )Es c /(xEc) - Ast(d-x)dEs/(xEc) )
M-Ph/2 = 1000000000 Nmm 2 bx /6 = 11704166.67 mm3 1 1 Asc(x-c )Esc /(xEc) = 3752830.189 mm3 Ast(d-x)dEs/(xEc) = 173366037.7 mm3 Stress in concrete , fc (compression face) = 6.33 N/mm2 Tensile Stress in concrete at centroid of tension steel, fct fc (d-x) / x = 15.89 N /mm2 Stress in tension steel = 227.0234586 N /mm2 s = fs / Es = 0.001135117 N/mm2 Elastic strain at surface 1 = [( h - x ) / ( d - x) ] s = 0.001254603 Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks 2 = [1.5 bt (h-x) (a' - x) / ( 3 Es As (d-x)] = 0.000390562 0.1 limit crack width 0.000260374 for 0.2 limit crack width a' , distance from compression face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated Average surface strain, m = 1 - 2 = 0.000994229 Calculate crack widths at critical positions 2 2 acr = ( c + l' )0.5 - /2 2 2 = ( 50 + (74/2) )0.5 - 20 /2 = 52.2 mm cmin = 40 mm wc ,crack width = 3 acr m / [ 1 + 2(acr-cmin)/(h-x)] = 0.1507 mm Wc < 0.2 mm Service Moments are less than 800kNm/m at all the places except at the columns at Grid D1 and 2. Therefore crack with is within the limits.

GEOMETRIC DATA
T20@100 Top and Bottom (Service Moment less than 800 kNm/m)

T20@200 +T25@200 Top and Bottom and additional 8T32 Bars(Service Moment less than 1600 kNm/m)
All the places service moment is less than 1600kNm/m, there for locations where service moments is greater than 800kNm/m is strengthen with the extra top and bottom reinforcements 8T32 or 6T25 bars. Therefore crack with is within the limit of 0.2mm.

7.5 Design Report Raft

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Structural Design Criteria

PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT-THE 7TH SENSE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL OF RAFT FOUNDATION

Structural Design Criteria

fcu = strength at 28 days(cube strength) Ec = modulus of elasticity at 28 days

GEOMETRIC DATA Depth of raft = 1000mm

Structural Design Criteria

7.5.6.1 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF 3D MODEL 7.5.6.1.1 SAFE 3D MODEL

Structural Design Criteria

Live loads from supper structure

Structural Design Criteria

Settlement at service load (Gravity only/ mm)

Settlement at service load (Lateral X direction / mm)

Structural Design Criteria

Settlement at service load (Lateral Y direction / mm)

Bearing Pressure at service load (Gravity / kN/m2)

Structural Design Criteria

SEVICE RESULTANT FORCES ON RAFT

Bending Moment M11

Bending Moment M22

Structural Design Criteria

ULTIMATE RESULTANT FORCES ON RAFT

Bending Moment M11

Bending Moment M22

Structural Design Criteria

7.5.6.1.7 SERVICE MOMENTS ON DESIGN STRIPS ALONG DESIGN STRIPS A

ALONG DESIGN STRIPS B

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

FLEXURAL DESIGN SAMPLE CALCULATION

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

PUNCHING SHEAR CALCULATION

600x1000 12794 kN 478 kNm 928 mm 14336 mm 3200 mm 600 mm

13990 kN 0.6 m2 0.6*150 90 kN 13900 kN 4.68 < 5 or 0.8Sqrt(35) =4.7 3384 mm

(v-vc)ud/0.95fyv or 0.4ud/0.95fyv 0.4*14336*928/0.95/460

Structural Design Criteria

Asv per side st 1 perimeter

12177 mm2 3044 mm2 1522 mm2

Structural Design Criteria

125 m2 12.5*150 1875 kN 5841 kN 5841*1000/928/14136 0.44 N/mm2

Structural Design Criteria

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS

CRACK WIDTH CHECK FOR BASEMENT FLOOR SLAB

tension bars links or secondary layer

From equilibrium condition External Moment

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

Structural Design Criteria

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(v-vc)ud/0.95fyv or 0.4ud/0.95fyv 0.414336928/0.95/460

125 m2 12.5150 1875 kN 5841 kN 58411000/928/14136 0.44 N/mm2