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  • From Einstein's Model To Debye Model

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    Azhar Mahmood
    21 vizualizări17 pagini
    Following the einstein model we use the average excitation number derived there Unlike professor debye in about 1909 we use a trick to derive the density of modes. We follow his assumption of quadratic dependence on the frequency (remember - the 3-dim case) and then simply demand that the integral over frequencies, with the density, gives the number of modes, 3 N.

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    Following the einstein model we use the average excitation number derived there Unlike professor debye in about 1909 we use a trick to derive the density of modes. We follow his assumption of quadratic dependence on the frequency (remember - the 3-dim case) and then simply demand that the integral over frequencies, with the density, gives the number of modes, 3 N.

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    21 vizualizări17 pagini

    From Einstein's Model To Debye Model

    Încărcat de

    Azhar Mahmood
    Following the einstein model we use the average excitation number derived there Unlike professor debye in about 1909 we use a trick to derive the density of modes. We follow his assumption of quadratic dependence on the frequency (remember - the 3-dim case) and then simply demand that the integral over frequencies, with the density, gives the number of modes, 3 N.

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    din 17

    Previous lecture 2010.09.13 Next lecture 2010.09.20 to index links - about the waves http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/feschools/waves/wavetypes.

    htm - the Mexican Wave on this page ADOBE FLASH Our version with browser based program - picture in the page: http://web.ift.uib.no/AMOS/ajs/ (will be extended, check later ... )

    Debye Model - derivation


    Following the Einstein model ( see 2010.09.13/ at the end ) we use the average excitation number < n > derived there Unlike professor Debye in about 1909 we use a trick to derive the density of modes. We follow his assumption of quadratic dependence on the frequency (remember - the 3-dim case) and then simply demand that the integral over frequencies, with the density, i.e. equivalent of the sum over all modes, gives the number of modes, 3 N (N is the number of atoms, in 1 mol it is Avogadro's number)

    1-einstein.png Density of states, g(omega) is thus established

    Now the energy U(T) at the given temperature T is simply the some of energy in all the posible modes

    2-debye-internal-U.png And we started to evaluate the heat capacity straight away: exercise: evaluate the total energy U(T) - just for intererst; we do not need that Transformations of the expressions - DIMENSION ANALYSIS - it must be ENERGY / TEMPERATURE, the same physical dimension as the Boltzmann constant k ( or kB ) in the average thermal energy kT ) and Nk

    =R

    - the gas constant

    debye-dU_dT=C.png The Debye function is defined by an integral as shown above. The integral cannot be given in an analytic form. It used to be tabulated see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye_function and also http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DebyeFunctions.html

    How to construct the C(T) ? Using the Debye function (integral)

    function-construct-C=C.png Limiting cases of C(T) - for very large temperatures and for the low temperatures

    5-debye-limit_T_large_Dulong.png

    Limiting case of C(T) - for the low temperatures

    6-debye-limit_T_small_T3_behavior.png This is an interesting exercise: When you bring to contact very cold and very "hot" ( hot like -200 Centigrade ) The new temperature will not be in the middle, but close to the "hot" - the hotter the closer Work this out better than we did here....

    7debye-Calorimetry.png

    Debye temperatures and the table ( ../debye/table50.jpg )

    8-debyeDiscussing_Table_T_Debye.png In this discussion we have used the table in ../debye/ - best is ../debye/table50.jpg

    Next lecture: Numerical exercise with the Debye function Back to the vibration modes - quantization; Phonons

    Previous lecture 2010.09.13

    Next lecture 2010.09.20

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