CHAPTER 2: Cell Structure and Cell Organization

PLANNING SKILL AND REPORT

Scoring 1. Aim To determine the structures found in animal cell and plant cell 2. Problem of Statement What are the structures found in animal and plant cell? 3. Hypothesis Certain structures are only found in animal cell and plant cell. Certain structures are found in both animal cell and plant cell. 4. Variables Fixed variable Quantity of reagent. Manipulated variable Types of cell. Responding variable Structure in animal and plant cell. 5. Apparatus Glass slides, cover slips, a light microscope, a scalpel, a pair of forceps, a glass dropper. beaker, toothpick, a mounting needle and filter paper. 6. Materials An onion bulb, drain water, aquatic plant, yeast solution, iodine solution. methylene blue solution and distilled water. 7. Technique Observing ,comparing and drawing structures in animal cell and plant cell. 8. Procedure i. Plant cell A scale leaf is obtained from an onion bulb. The transparent epidermis from the inner surface of the onion scale leaf is peel off using a forceps. A drop of water is put onto the middle of the slide and the epidermis is placed on the drop of distilled water. The specimen is covered with a cover slip at 45 angle with the help of a mounting needle A drop of iodine solution is added onto one side of the cover slip. To allow the iodine solution to spread through the epidermis, a piece of filter paper is placed at the opposite end of the cover slip. A piece of filter paper is used to absorb the excess iodine solution. The slide is then examined under a light microscope using a low power objective lens and then the high power objective lens. The epidermis is drawn and the cell structures which can be observed are labeled. The experiment is repeated using yeast solution and aquatic plant ( Hydrilla ) ii. Animal cell A drop of distilled water is placed on the slide. Using a blunt end of a toothpick, the inner side of the cheek is scraped a few times. The scrapping is smeared on the drop of water on the glass slide. Then it is covered with a cover slip at a 45 angle using a mounting needle. A drop of methylene blue solution is then added onto one side of the cover slip. To allow the methylene blue solution to spread through the cell, a filter paper is placed on the opposite end of the cover slip. A piece of filter paper is then used to absorb the excess methylene blue solution. E1P11-6 E1P11-7 E1P11-1 E1P11-2 E1P11-3

E1P11-4

E1P11-5

The slide is then examined under a light microscope using a low power objective lens and then the high power objective lens. The cheek cell is drawn and the cell structures which can be observed are labeled. The experiment is repeated using drain water. Precaution measures: 1. Rinse your mouth before scraping the cheek cells 2. Drop the cover slip at 45 with mounting needle at the glass slide to avoid air bubbles formed Teachers signature :. 9. Observation: Drawing: Plant cell A DRAWING OF PLANT CELL WITH NUCLEUS, CELL WALL, CYTOPLASM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE LABELLED E4PI 1 Animal cell A DRAWING OF AN ANIMAL CELL WITH NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE LABELLED E3PI 1

8. Discussion: i. ii. Plant cell has regular shape because it has cell wall whereas animal cell has irregular shape because it has no cell wall. E4PI 2 Both cells contain nucleus to control the activity of cell. E4PI 3 9. Conclusion: Certain structures are only found in animal cell and plant cell. Certain structures are found in both animal cell and plant cell.

QUESTION RELATED TO THE EXPERIMENT IN PAPER 2 1. X cell in diagram 1 shows the typical structure of a plant cell. Sel X dalam Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur tipikal satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 1 Rajah 1 (a)(i) Name the parts labelled P, Q, R and S Namakan bahagian yang berlabel P,Q,R dan S P: ................................................................... R: ................................................................... Q: .................................................................. S: ................................................................... [2 marks] (ii) State the function of P and Q. Nyatakan fungsi P dan Q P:........................................................................................................................... Q:.......................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (b)(i) Name the organ in plant where R is found more abundance. Namakan organ di mana R paling banyak didapati. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) Draw the cross section of the organ structure named in b(i) ? Lukiskan keratan rentas organ yang anda namakan di (b)(i)? [2 marks]

(c)(i) What is the meaning of tissue and organ ? Apakah yang dimaksudkan tisu dan organ ? Tissue/Tisu : ........................................................................................................ ............ Organ/Organ :....................................................................................................... ............ [2 marks] (ii) Why unicelullar organisms do not have tissue and organ ? Mengapa tisu dan organ tidak terdapat pada organisma unisel ? .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (iii) Explain why multicellular organisms require cell organization. Terangkan mengapa organisma multisel perlu kepada organisasi sel. .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. .. [3 marks]

NO

ITEM KRITERIA PEMARKAHAN

MARKAH

CATATAN

1(a)(i) Rubric : Able to name the organels correctly. Sample answer 1-2 correct 1m P Cell wall Q Vacuole R Chloroplasts S Mitochondrion (a)(ii) Able to state the role of P and Q organels correctly Sample answer P give support and shape to plant cells // prevent the cell from bursting 1 2m 3-4 correct 2m 2m

Q give support to plants / store the food / store colour pigment / remove waste product (b)(i) Able to state the organ where R is found more compact Sample answer

1 Leaf (ii) Draw and label the cross section of the leaf Sample answer Drawing Label (palisade mesophyll/ spongy mesophyll) (c)(i) State the meaning of tissue and organ Sample answer Tissue : A group of cells that are similar in structure and are specialized to carry out the particular function. Organ : A group of different tissue that coordinated to carry out one or more particular functions. 1 1 2m

1 2m 1

(ii) State the reason why tissue and organ are not found in unicellular organism Sample answer -Unicellular organisms are simple organism which made up only one cell that carry out complete living processes. (iii) Explain the necessity cell organization to multicelullar organisms Sample answer - The organisation body which more complex can be 1 obtained. - The group of tissue that carry out specialized 1 functions efficiently compare with one cell - Cell specialisation organisms enable body cells carry 1 out multi functions.

1m

3m