New-York , the heritage of a global city

NY is connected to the Great Lakes , the heart of industrialisation in America . The city is also the center of the megalopolis wich includes Washington and Boston. There are 21 million New Yorkers extended in 4 states (New Jersey , Connecticut , Pennsylvania, New York) There are 5 bourought : -Mannhattan , Kings(Brooklyn) , Queens , The Bronx , Richmond(Staten Island)

The heritage of a city is a selection of monuments emphasize (mettre en valeur) some event/history

There are a lot of landmarks in NY so thanks to this heritage , NY became a myth in USA and all over the world a golden legend

What heritage symbolises New York as a global city ?

I/ The building of the NY heritage

a- An expanding city made by immigrants
From New Amsterdam to New York : New York was discovered in 1624 by Giovanni da Verrazano . He worked for the French King Between 1624 and 1664 , New York was a Dutch colony . Dutch were very tollerant (religion). There was a lot of nationalities (18 languages) After 1664 , it became an English Colony . Today the Verrazano Bridge(1964) is a tribute to Verrazano

Grid pattern in Manhattan - 220 Steets (East to West) - 12 Avenues (North to South)

It is the largest city in USA , but it is not only the bggest one . It is also one of the oldest : 480 years of history (founded in 1624 and called New Amsterdam and became english in 1664 )

NY is also a global city. Its also an important hub of the globalisation .

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The golden gate of the USA : During the Revolution (1776-1783) , New York was loyal to the british Crown. The population of NY decreased during the revolution : In 1770 there were 160 000 inhabitants but in 1790 there were only 33 000 inhabitants

Ethnic districts :

Specic ethnic districts are an old tradition : Irish district , Little Italy , China Town (80-90% are from their origins) Since 10 years , the ethnic concentration is decreasing a little but ethnic districts are still a reality of New York . The diversity of immigtrants is increasing . Those districts are a part of New YorkY . Nowdays , you can visit Little Italy or China Town as a landmark .

The harbour of New York is realy good (deep , wide) . Every immigrant immigrants went there . From Europe , they stop their journey in Fort Clinton between 1855 and 1892 but it was too small so between 1892 and 1954 they were joining Ellis Island There was a pic of immigration in NY in 1907 with 1 million per Year with 11 000 people one day . Living condition for immigrants were bad . Most of them were sleeping in Tenements which are overcrowded at with no lights , 1 window for 18 rooms , no air circulaation , no running water , 1 toilet for 18 people and no heating . How the other half lives was published in 1890 by Jacob Riis. This book changed the american opidnon . His work forced owner of the tenements to increase condition of living (toilets, safety stairs , air shafts , 1 window per room).

b- The economic power of a great city

The Harbour of New York is the base of the economy of the city . The natural harbour is huge and deep and has 900km of shore line The ERIE (1825) is a way to go from New York to the great Lakes . The budget of 1820 was spend by the taxes of the New York harbour During the 20th century , more than a half of the the federal budjet was paid by the New York custom house . The 1st steamboat went from London to New York (most important port in US) in 1838 . Its the symbol of the Europ-US commercial relationship

During the 1960s , the American-Asian relationship was increasing so in 1989 , Los Angeles (Pacic Ocean) became the rst american port . In 2012 , New York port was the 20th port of the world The industrial power Between 1850 and1950 , New York was the rst industrial city in USA and in the world. Diversity of industry increased (pharmacycal , steel ...) . This industry provided jobs to immigrants but the workng condition were bad (re , no possibility to escape , no air shafts , illnesses) and dangerous as in 1911 when the Triangle Factory burned and killed hundreds of workers . New York is also an important place for Labour Union contestation . Indeed , the American Federation of Labour was created in 1886 in New York . Union Square is the place when trade unionists met . Wall Street was nancial district at the end of the XIX th century with big fortunes as Rockfeller, Jay Gould (railway companies) , JP Morgan. This nancial Power is based on the industial power

New York is also an iconic city . The skyline : Skycrapers were born in New York it is the symbol of a modern city New York is a dense area so the only possibility is to build upward . The elevator (end of XIXth) and steel constructions permited that . 1889-1923 : Beau Art Style 1923-1945 : Art Deco . 1945-1990 : Modern

After World War II, the american style became a reference

Media Capital There are many iconic tourism places as the Federal Hall (G.Washinfton became president in this building). It is also the rst congress building . There are important links between economy and politics New York is the center american newspaper since the beginning of american history (The Times , the New York Herald since 19th century) . It is also a big place for advertisement (Mad Men)

c- A big cultural place

New York became a famous city of art be- cause Europe was destroyed by the war .There are many museums in New-York . The must famous are the Mertopolitan mu- seum of art (the Met 1872-) , the Guggen- heim museum (1959) and the Museum of modern art (MoMa, 1929) . Many artists lives in Greenwich village as Andy Warhol , Louise Bourgeois . The rst fashion week took place in New- York (1943) . It became a reference in the fashion industry . The hip-hop style appea- red in New-York . Since the 1730s , Brodaway was the center of this activity . After the rst world war , a new kind of enter- tainment appeared , the musical theater shortened as Musical . Showboat (1927) was the rst musical played in New-York . Many other famous musicals were born in New-York as Hair in 1967 and West Side Story in 1961 .