Session 1

Website:
http://faculty.washington.edu/nsniadec/ME599/W13/

Selected readings Topics

Introduction to Cell Biology Analysis of Cell Mechanics Cell Mechanics Modeling Measuring Cell Forces Mechanotransduction

Grading
Homework: 50% Project: 50% No Final

Date
7-Jan 9-Jan 11-Jan 14-Jan 16-Jan 18-Jan 21-Jan 23-Jan 25-Jan 28-Jan 30-Jan 1-Feb 4-Feb 6-Feb 8-Feb 11-Feb 13-Feb 15-Feb 18-Feb 20-Feb 22-Feb 25-Feb 27-Feb 1-Mar 4-Mar 6-Mar 8-Mar 11-Mar 13-Mar 15-Mar 18-Mar

Day
M W F M W F M W F M W F M W F M W F M W F M W F M W F M W F M

# Topic
1 2 3 4 4 5 -6 7 8 9 ---10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 -Introductory - Analysis and Modeling of Cell Mechanics Introductory - Building Blocks Introductory - Nucleus Introductory - Cytoskeleton Introductory - Cytoskeleton Introductory - Extracellular Matrix No Class (MLK Day) Cell Mechanical Analysis - Microneedles Cell Mechanical Analysis - Micropipette Aspiration Cell Mechanical Analysis - Atomic Force Microscopy Cell Mechanical Analysis - Microrheology No Class No Class No Class Cell Mechanical Analysis - Magnetic Twisting Cytometry Cell Mechanical Analysis - Optical Tweezers Modeling Cell Mechanics - Lumped Parameter Viscoelastic Models Modeling Cell Mechanics - Pure Lipid systems Modeling Cell Mechanics - Tensegrity Modeling Cell Mechanics - Foams Modeling Cell Mechanics - Polymer Networks Modeling Cell Mechanics - Soft Glassy Material Modeling Cell Mechanics - Computational Models Cellular Forces - Adhesions and Traction Cellular Forces - Traction Force Microscopy Cellular Forces - MEMS Tools Mechanotransduction - Introduction & Examples Mechanotransduction - Whole Cell Analysis Mechanotransduction - Nanoscale Analysis Mechanotransduction - Mechanisms Final Project Report Due

Micrographia (1665)
http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/ttp/flash/hooke/hooke.html

The basic functional units of life (composed of numerous components with distinct mechanical characteristics) Origins:

Sea Urchin

Mouse

Seaweed

Organ 1 - 0.1 m

Tissue 10-2 - 10-3 m

Cells 10-4 - 10-6 m

Proteins 10-8 - 10-10 m

Cells Tissue
Animate Basic Unit of Living Things Composed of Proteins Defines structure-function of tissue Sensitive to temperature, radiation, water, pH, nutrients, pressure, ionic strength, osmolarity, hormones, etc.

Grains Materials
Inanimate Basic Unit of Metal and Ceramics Composed of Atoms Defines structure-strength of material Sensitive to temperature, radiation, corrosion, loading

The subject of cell mechanics encompasses a wide range of essential cellular processes, ranging from macroscopic events like the maintenance of cell shape, cell motility, adhesion, and deformation to microscopic events such as how cells sense mechanical signals and transduce them into a cascade of biochemical signals ultimately leading to a host of biological responses. -- Mofrad & Kamm

Diameter: 30-50 mm (~3 mm for bacteria) Mass: 2-6 x 10-8 g Youngs modulus: 1 105 Pa (CSK: ~ 10-9 Pa)

MTC: Magnetic twisting cytometry MA: Micropipette aspiration MM: Micromanipulation (compressive) CP: Cell poking AFM: Atomic force microscopy MBR: Magnetic bead rheometry

10

Spectrin network of RBC Tetramers of neo-Hookean springs

11

Conflicting mindsets:
Mechanics treats cells as a material with properties that are time invariant Mechanotransduction illustrates that cells are living, changing entities that alter themselves in response to mechanical stimuli

Conceptual Framework:
The mechanics of cells and their altered biological functions are intrinsically linked. What are the central structure-function relationships?

12

Cell function follows form Cell types:

motor neuron osteocyte hair cell adipocyte rods and cones endothelials skeletal muscle smooth muscle RBC lymphocyte epithelial (separated) fibroblasts sperm and egg cells

(Drawn to scale)

13

Actin Filaments

Myosin

Actin Focal Adhesions

10 m

10 m

14

Mechanosensation: Hair cells, touch-sensitive sensory neurons Mechanotransduction: mechanical stimuli that cause a biochemical response

15

Tissue remodeling in response to stress

16

http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ren_IQPOhJc

17

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Cell Shape & Migration

19