Thomas Telford Guide to EC2-2 C R Hendy/D A Smith

12/09/13
Worked Example (not in notes): Reinforced concrete beam
Find the ultimate sagging moment resistance of the beam in Figure 1 using the
simplified rectangular stress block with 7 No. 20 bars (A
s
= 2199 mm
2
)
Reinforcement is B500B and C35/45 concrete

cc
= 0.85 (bridges value)

s
= 1.15

c
= 1.5

cu3
= 0.0035
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cu3

s
x
d
b
A
s
x
z
F
c
F
s
f
cd
x
z f A z F M
yd s
s = =

=
bd f
A f
d z
cd
s yd
2
1
cd
yd s
f b
f A
x

=

1
1
3 cu s s
yk
E
f d
x

_"

--
""
_"
-"
d
x
>
For f
ck
= 35 MPa, = 0.8 and = 1.0. d = 1500 50 10 = 1440 mm
Assuming reinforcement yields:
=

=
bd f
A f
d f A M
cd
s yd
yd s
2
1
Check that steel yields:
= =
cd
yd s
f b
f A
x


mm
=
d
x
=

+1
1
3 cu s s
yk
E
f

so reinforcement yields and resistance moment =
kNm.
kNm
Thomas Telford Guide to EC2-2 C R Hendy/D A Smith
12/09/13
Figure 1
171688077.doc Page 2 of 5
150
0m
m
7 No. 20
diameter bars
1000 mm
50 mm
Thomas Telford Guide to EC2-2 C R Hendy/D A Smith
12/09/13
Worked Example 6.1-5: Prestressed concrete M beam
Figure 6.1-10 - Prestressed concrete M beam
Consider an M3 prestressed concrete beam with 160 mm deep insitu deck slab as
illustrated in Figure 6.1-10. Calculate the ultimate moment of resistance (i) using a
prestressing steel stress-strain relationship with a horizontal top branch, assuming the
following properties:
Class C30/37 slab concrete, f
ck
= 30 MPa
Class C40/50 beam concrete, f
ck
= 40 MPa
Parabolic concrete stress distribution therefore
cu2
= 0.0035 and
c2
= 0.0020
Prestressing strands (using properties from EN 10138-3, Table 4):
21 No. 15 mm strands of type Y1670S7
Nominal diameter = 15.2 mm
Nominal cross sectional area = 139 mm
2
Characteristic tensile strength, f
pk
= 1670 MPa
Characteristic value of maximum force 232 10 1670 139
3
= =

kN
Characteristic value of 0.1% proof force = 204 kN
1468 1670 879 . 0 1670
232
204
1 . 0 ,
= = =
k p
f
MPa
E
p
= 195 GPa

s
= 1.15
Stressing and losses:
Assume initial stressing to 75% f
pk
Allow 10% losses at transfer and a further 20% long term losses.
Prestrain = long term strand stress / E
p
therefore prestrain =
171688077.doc Page 3 of 5
970 mm
1000 mm
160 mm
200 mm
60 mm
200 mm
80 mm
50 mm
160 mm
400 mm
160 mm
0 mm
330 mm
160 mm
110 mm
60 mm
20 mm
300 mm
30 mm
80 mm
Thomas Telford Guide to EC2-2 C R Hendy/D A Smith
12/09/13
The values for reinforcement stress-strain curve first need to be defined as:
5 . 1276
15 . 1
1468
= =
pd
f
MPa
=
s
pk
f

MPa
=
p
pd
E
f
(i) Consider horizontal top branch and a neutral axis depth, obtained by trial and error,
of 335 mm:
The strain profile is shown in Figure 6.1-11.
(a) Idealisation (b) Strains (c) Compressive stresses
Figure 6.1-11: Stress-strain profile for prestressed M beam
Therefore total strains at ULS in the four layers of strands including prestrain are:
=
=
=
= + =
4
3
2
1
0102 . 0 0046 . 0 0056 . 0
s
s
s
s

All strains are greater than

p
pd
E
f
(=0.00655) therefore all stresses can be taken as f
pd
=
1276.5 MPa.
Thus total steel force,
=
s
F
kN.
The neutral axis is in the top flange of the beam therefore split the compression zone
into the following three sections and take account of the different concrete strengths:
(1) Rectangular part of stress block in top slab (top 143.6 mm)
(2) Parabolic part of stress block in top slab (bottom 16.4 mm)
(3) Parabolic part of stress block in top flange to neutral axis (175mm deep)
Using geometry of the parabolic-rectangular stress-strain distribution it can be shown
171688077.doc Page 4 of 5
0.0020
0.0035
0.0018
0.0028
0.0045
0.0051
0.0056
930 mm
x =
335 mm
60 mm 110 mm
160 mm
330 mm
160 mm 1000 mm
250 mm
400 mm
335 mm
160 mm
185 mm 950 mm
f
cd,slab
or f
cd,beam
a
1
a
2
a
3
F
c1d
F
c2d
F
c3d
Thomas Telford Guide to EC2-2 C R Hendy/D A Smith
12/09/13
that:
(1) F
c1
= 2440.7 kN with depth to centroid, a
1
= 71.8 mm
(2) F
c2
= 278.6 kN with depth to centroid, a
2
= 149.7 mm
(3) F
c3
= 1008.5 kN with depth to centroid, a
3
= 225.6 mm
Thus
=
c
F
kN
s
F
therefore section balances and neutral axis is at the correct level. (Note that
using the rectangular stress block would be much easier here).
Taking moments about the neutral axis level gives a resistance moment of:
= M
kNm.
Strictly, since the neutral axis is in the web, a new limiting strain diagram should be
used in compliance with 2-1-1/6.1(6) as discussed in section 6.1.2.2 of this guide.
This would require a strain limit of
3
2
10 0 2

= .
c

to be maintained at
4 91
5 3
0 2
160
2 2
.
.
.
/ h
cu c
= =
mm from the underside of the deck slab i.e. 68.6 mm
from the top. The analysis was conservatively repeated using a strain limit of
3
2
10 0 2

= .
c

at the top of the deck slab which gave a resistance moment of 2585
kNm.
171688077.doc Page 5 of 5