Analysis of the SEPIC Converter

Ben Schaeer, Dennis Gilbert

bms@pdx.edu, dennis@pdx.edu
Group II
ECE-445
February 16, 2010
1 Analysis Summary
I
1
=
_
D
2
D
2
_
V
g
R
I
2
=
_
D
D

_
V
g
R
V
1
= V
g
V
2
=
_
D
D

_
V g
i
1
=
DV
g
T
s
L
1
i
2
=
DV
g
T
s
L
2
v
1
=
_
D
2
D

_
V
g
T
s
RC
1
v
2
=
_
D
2
D

_
V
g
T
s
RC
2
Transistor Peak Inverse Voltage =
V
g
D

_
1 +
D
2
T
s
(C
1
+C
2
)
2RC
1
C
2
_
Transistor Peak Current = V
g
D
_
1
RD
2
+
T
s
(L
1
+L
2
)
2L
1
L
2
_
Diode Peak Inverse Voltage =
V
g
D

_
1 +
D
2
T
s
(C
1
+C
2
)
2RC
1
C
2
_
Diode Peak Current = V
g
D
_
1
RD
2
+
T
s
(L
1
+L
2
)
2L
1
L
2
_
1
V
1
C
R
2
L
L
1
C
2
v
1
i
1
i
2
2
v
(c)
g
1
C
R
2
L
L
1
C
2
v
1
i
1
i
2
2
v
(b)
V
g
1
C
R
2
L
L
1
C
2
v
1
i
1
i
2
2
v
(a)
V
g
Figure 1 An ideal SEPIC converter: (a) practical realization using MOSFET and diode, (b)
when the MOSFET conducts, (c) when the diode conducts.
2 Analysis
During DT
s
:
i
C
1
= i
L
2
i
C
2
=
v
C
2
R
v
L
1
= V
g
v
L
2
= v
C
1
2
During D

T
s
:
i
C
1
= i
L
1
i
C
2
= i
L
1
+i
L
2

v
C
2
R
v
L
1
= V
g
v
C
1
v
C
2
v
L
2
= v
C
2
Find linear ripple approximations, let V = V
C
2
, switching period = T
s
, D

= 1 D
Using volt-second balance on V
L
1
, V
L
2
:
V
L
1
= DV
g
+D

(V
g
V V
C
1
) = 0
V
g
= D

(V +V
C
1
)
V
C
1
=
V
g
D

V
V
L
2
= DV
C
1
D

V = 0
V
C
1
=
D

V
D
using substitution
D

V
D
=
V
g
D

V
D

V
D
+V =
V
g
D

V +DV =
V
g
D
D

V =
V
g
D
D

V
V
g
=
D
D

= M(D)
V
C
1
=
D

D
_
DV
g
D

_
= V
g
3
Using charge balance on I
C
1
, I
C
2
:
I
C
1
= DI
L
2
+D

I
L
1
= 0
I
L
1
= I
L
2
D
D

I
C
2
= D
V
R
+D

_
I
L
1
+I
L
2

V
R
_
= 0
V
R
= D

(I
L
1
+I
L
2
)
I
L
1
=
V
RD

I
L
2
Using substitution I
L
2
D
D

=
V
RD

I
L
2
I
L
2
D
D

+I
L
2
=
V
RD

I
L
2
_
D
D

+ 1
_
=
V
RD

I
L
2
_
D
D

_
=
V
RD

I
L
2
_
1
D

_
=
V
RD

I
L
2
=
V
R
=
V
g
D
RD

I
L
1
= I
L
2
D
D

=
_
V
g
D
RD

_
D
D

=
V
g
D
2
RD
2
Peak to peak ripple calculations:
i
1
=
DV
g
T
s
L
1
i
2
=
DV
g
T
s
L
2
v
1
=
_
D
2
D

_
V
g
T
s
RC
1
v =
_
D
2
D

_
V
g
T
s
RC
2
4
Transistor Peak Inverse Voltage = V
C
1
+V +
v
1
2
+
v
2
= V
g
+V
g
D
D

+
V
g
D
2
T
s
_
1
C
1
+
1
C
2
_
2RD

=
V
g
D

+
V
g
D
2
T
s
(C
1
+C
2
)
2RD

C
1
C
2
=
V
g
D

_
1 +
D
2
T
s
(C
1
+C
2
)
2RC
1
C
2
_
Transistor Peak Current = I
L
1
+I
L
2
+
i
1
2
+
i
2
2
= I
L
2
D
D

+I
L
2
+
V
g
DT
s
2L
1
+
V
g
DT
s
2L
2
=
I
L
2
D

+
V
g
DT
s
(L
1
+L
2
)
2L
1
L
2
=
V
g
D
RD
2
+
V
g
DT
s
(L
1
+L
2
)
2L
1
L
2
= V
g
D
_
1
RD
2
+
T
s
(L
1
+L
2
)
2L
1
L
2
_
Diode Peak Inverse Voltage = V
C
1
+v +
v
1
2
+
v
2
= Transistor Peak Inverse Voltage
=
V
g
D

_
1 +
D
2
T
s
(C
1
+C
2
)
2RC
1
C
2
_
Diode Peak Current = I
L
1
+I
L
2
+
i
1
2
+
i
2
2
= Transistor Peak Current
= V
g
D
_
1
RD
2
+
T
s
(L
1
+L
2
)
2L
1
L
2
_
The ripple for both capacitor voltages are in phase with each other as well as the both inductor
ripple currents are in phase with each other.
5
3 State Space Analysis
During 0 < t < DT
s
interval as shown in gure 1b:
V
g
+L
1
di
1
dt
= 0
di
1
dt
=
V
g
L
1
L
2
di
2
dt
v
1
= 0
di
2
dt
=
v
1
L
2
C
1
dv
1
dt
+i
2
= 0
dv
1
dt
=
i
2
C
1
C
2
dv
2
dt
+
v
2
R
= 0
dv
2
dt
=
v
2
RC
2
During D

T
s
V
g
+L
1
di
1
dt
+v
1
+v
2

di
1
dt
=
V
g
L
1

v
1
L
1

v
2
L
1
L
2
di
2
dt
+v
2
= 0
di
2
dt
=
v
2
L
2
C
1
dv
1
dt
i
1
= 0
dv
1
dt
=
i
1
C
1
C
2
dv
2
dt
i
1
i
2
+
v
C
2
R
= 0
dv
2
dt
=
i
1
C
2
+
i
2
C
2

v
2
RC
2
Expression for A
1
, B
1
:
_

_
di
1
dt
di
2
dt
dv
1
dt
dv
2
dt
_

_
=
_

_
0 0 0 0
0 0
1
L
2
0
0
1
C
1
0 0
0 0 0
1
RC
2
_

_
_

_
i
1
i
2
v
1
v
2
_

_
+
_

_
1
L
1
0
0
0
_

_
[V
g
] (1)
Expression for A
2
, B
2
:
_

_
di
1
dt
di
2
dt
dv
1
dt
dv
2
dt
_

_
=
_

_
0 0
1
L
1

1
L
1
0 0 0
1
L
2
1
C
1
0 0 0
1
C
2
1
C
2
0
1
RC
2
_

_
_

_
i
1
i
2
v
1
v
2
_

_
+
_

_
1
L
1
0
0
0
_

_
[V
g
] (2)
Combining expressions for A, B, and x in equations (1) and (2):
A = DA
1
+D

A
2
, B = DB
1
+D

B
2
0 = Ax +Bu X = A
1
BV
g
6
The vector X now represents the steady state DC value of x.
[X] =
_

_
I
1
I
2
V
1
V
2
_

_
=
_

_
0 0
D

L
1

L
1
0 0
D
L
2

L
2
D

C
1

D
C
1
0 0
D

C
2
D

C
2
0
1
RC
2
_

_
1
_

_
V
g
L
1
0
0
0
_

_
(3)
The A
1
factor is found by dividing the adjoint of A by the determinant of A:
|A| =
D

L
1
D

L
2
D

C
1
D

C
2

L
1
D

L
2
D
C
1
D

C
2
+
D

L
1
D
L
2
D
C
1
D

C
2

L
1
D
L
2
D

C
1
D

C
2
=
D
4
+ 2D
3
D +D
2
D
2
L
1
L
2
C
1
C
2
= D
2
D
2
+ 2D

D +D
2
L
1
L
2
C
1
C
2
= D
2
(D +D

)
2
L
1
L
2
C
1
C
2
=
D
2
L
1
L
2
C
1
C
2
The above determinant of A divides into the adjoint of A producing A
1
within the expression:
X =
_

_
D
2
L
1
D
2
R

DL
2
D

R
C
1

DC
2
D

DL
1
D

R
L
2
R
C
1
C
2
L
1
L
2
0 0
DL
1
D

L
2
0 0
_

_
_

_
V
g
L
1
0
0
0
_

_
=
_

_
D
2
V
g
D
2
R
DV
g
D

R
V
g
DV
g
D

_
(4)
Calculate dx for interval DT
s
:
x = |(A
1
X +B
1
V
g
)DT
s
)| =

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
0 0 0 0
0 0
1
L
2
0
0
1
C
1
0 0
0 0 0
1
RC
2
_

_
_

_
D
2
V
g
D
2
R
DV
g
D

R
V
g
DV
g
D

_
+
_

_
V
g
L
1
0
0
0
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
[DT
s
]

=
_

_
DT
s
V
g
L
1
DT
s
V
g
L
2
D
2
T
s
V
g
D

RC
1
D
2
T
s
V
g
D

RC
2
_

_
7
Calculate
(2)
x (ignoring sign):

(2)
x =
AxT
s
8
=
_

_
0 0
D

L
1
D

L
1
0 0
D
L
2
D

L
2
D

C
1

D
C
1
0 0
D

C
2
D

C
2
0
1
RC
2
_

_
_

_
DT
s
V
g
L
1
DT
s
V
g
L
2
D
2
T
s
V
g
D

RC
1
D
2
T
s
V
g
D

RC
2
_

_
=
_

_
(
1
C
1
+
1
C
2
)
D
2
T
2
s
V
g
8RL
1
(
D
C
1

C
2
)
D
2
T
2
s
V
g
8D

RL
2
(
D

L
1

D
L
2
)
DT
2
s
V
g
8C
1
(
D

L
1
+
D

L
2

D
D

R
2
C
2
)
DT
2
s
V
g
8C
2
_

_
8