Abstract of Over Current Protection of Transformer (NEC 450

9/4/13
Abstract of over current Protection of Transformer (NEC 450.3) | Electrical Notes & Articles
Electrical Notes & Articles

Sharing Abstracts,Notes on various Electrical Engineering Topics.
Abstract of over current Protection of Transformer (NEC 450.3)

SEPTEMBER 18, 2012 8 COMMENTS (HTTP://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2012/09/18/ABSTRACT-OF-OVER-CURRENTPROTECTION-OF-TRANSFORMER-NEC-450-3/#COMMENTS)
Introduction:
The over current protection required for transformers is consider for Protection of Transformer only.Such over current protection will not necessarily protect the primary or secondary conductors or equipment connected on the secondary side of the transformer. When voltage is switched on to energize a transformer, the transformer core normally saturates. This results in a large inrush current which is greatest during the first half cycle (approximately0.01 second) and becomes progressively less severe over the next several cycles (approximately 1 second) until the transformer reaches its normal magnetizing current. To accommodate this inrush current, fuses are often selected which have time-current withstand values of at least 12 times transformer primary rated current for 0.1 second and 25 times for 0.01 second. Some small dry-type transformers may have substantially greater inrush currents. To avoid using over sized conductors, over current devices should be selected at about 110 to 125 percent of the transformer full-load current rating. And when using such smaller over current protection, devices should be of the time-delay type (on the primary side) to compensate for inrush currents which reach 8 to 10 times the full-load primary current of the transformer for about 0.1 s when energized initially. Protection of secondary conductors has to be provided completely separately from any primaryside protection. A supervised location is a location where conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons will monitor and service the transformer installation. Over current protection for a transformer on the primary side is typically a circuit breaker. In some instances where there is not a high voltage panel, there is a fused disconnect instead. It is important to note that the over current device on the primary side must be sized based on the
electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/abstract-of-over-current-protection-of-transformer-nec-450-3/ 1/11
9/4/13
transformer KVA rating and not sized based on the secondary load to the transformer
Over current Protection of Transformers > 600 V (NEC 450.3-A)

1) Unsupervised Location of Transformer (Impedance <6%)
(http://electricalnotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/1.png)
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V): Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. or Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 600% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 125% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. or Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 300% of Sec. Full Load Current. Example: 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer having Impedance of Transformer 5% Full Load Current At Primary side=750000/(1.732X11000)=39A Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A= 118A, So Standard Size of Fuse =125A. OR Rating of Primary Circuit Breaker =6X39A=236A, So Standard Size of Circuit Breaker =250A. Full Load Current at Secondary side=750000/ (1.732X415) =1043A. Rating of Secondary of Fuse / Circuit Breaker = 1.25X1043A=1304A, So Standard Size of Fuse =1600A.
9/4/13
2) Unsupervised Location of Transformer (Impedance 6% to 10 %)
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V): Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Primary Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 400% of Primary Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 125% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 225% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Example: 10MVA, 66KV/11KV 3Phase Transformer, Impedance of Transformer is 8% Full Load Current At Primary side=10000000/(1.732X66000)=87A Rating of Pri. Fuse = 3X87A= 262A, So Next Standard Size of Fuse =300A. OR Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker =4X87A=348A, So Next Standard Size of Circuit Breaker =400A. Full Load Current at Secondary side=10000000/ (1.732X11000) =525A. Rating of Sec. Fuse = 2.25X525A=1181A, So Next Standard Size of Fuse =1200A. OR Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker =2.5X525A=1312A, So Next Standard Size of Circuit Breaker =1600A.
electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/abstract-of-over-current-protection-of-transformer-nec-450-3/
3/11
9/4/13
3) Supervised Location (in Primary side only) of Transformer:
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V): Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 250% of Primary Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 300% of Primary Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size.
4) Supervised Location of Transformer (Impedance Up to 6%):
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V):
9/4/13
Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 600% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 300% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Example: 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer having Impedance of Transformer 5% Full Load Current At Primary side=750000/(1.732X11000)=39A Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A= 118A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse =110A. OR Rating of Primary Circuit Breaker =6X39A=236A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Circuit Breaker =225A. Full Load Current at Secondary side=750000/ (1.732X415) =1043A. Rating of Secondary of Fuse / Circuit Breaker = 2.5X1043A=2609A, So Standard Size of Fuse =2500A.
5) Supervised Location of Transformer (Impedance 6% to 10%):
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Primary Voltage >600V): Rating of Pri. Fuse at Point A= 300% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Rating of Pri. Circuit Breaker at Point A= 400% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage <=600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse / Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next higher
9/4/13
Standard size. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Secondary Voltage >600V): Rating of Sec. Fuse at Point B= 225% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Rating of Sec. Circuit Breaker at Point B= 250% of Sec. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Example: 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer having Impedance of Transformer 8% Full Load Current At Primary side=750000/(1.732X11000)=39A Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A= 118A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse =110A. OR Rating of Primary Circuit Breaker =4X39A=157A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Circuit Breaker =150A. Full Load Current at Secondary side=750000/ (1.732X415) =1043A. Rating of Secondary of Fuse / Circuit Breaker = 2.5X1043A=2609A, So Standard Size of Fuse =2500A.
Difference in C.B between Supervised & Unsupervised Location

Here we see two notable conditions while we select Fuse / Circuit Breaker in Supervised Location and Unsupervised Location. First notable Condition is Primary Over current Protection. In Unsupervised Location Fuse in Primary side is 300% of Primary Current or Next Higher Standard size and in Supervised Location is 300% of Primary Current or Next Lower Standard size. Here Primary Over current Protection is same in both conditions (300%) But Selecting Size of Fuse/Circuit Breaker is Different. Lets us Check with the Example for 750KVA, 11KV/415V 3Phase Transformer. Full Load Current At Primary side=750000/(1.732X11000)=39A In Unsupervised Location: Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A= 118A, So Next Higher Standard Size =125A In Supervised Location: Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X39A= 118A, So Next Lower Standard Size =110A Second notable Condition is Secondary Over current Protection increased from 125% to 250% for unsupervised to Supervised Location.
Summary of over current Protection for more than 600V:

Maximum Rating of Over current Protection for Transformers more than 600 Volts LocationLimitations TransformerRated Primary Secondary Protection
6/11 electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/abstract-of-over-current-protection-of-transformer-nec-450-3/
9/4/13
Impedance
Protection (More than 600 Volts)
More than 600 Volts
Less than 600 Volts C.B or Fuse 125% (NH) 125% (NH) Not required 250% 250%
Circuit Breaker Any location Less than 6% 6% To 10% Supervisedlocations only Any Less than 6% 6% To 10% NH: Next Higher Standard Size. 600% (NH) 400% (NH) 300% (NH) 600% 400%
Fuse Rating 300% (NH) 300% (NH) 250% (NH) 300% 300%
Circuit Breaker 300 %( NH) 250% (NH) Not required 300% 250%
Fuse Rating 250% (NH) 225% (NH) Not required 250% 225%
Over current Protection of Transformers< 600 V (NEC 450.3-B)

1) Only Primary side Protection of Transformer:
9/4/13
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Less than 2A): Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 300% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Example: 1KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Pri. Side=1000/(1.732X480)=1A Rating of Primary Fuse = 3X1A= 3A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse =3A. Over Current Protection at Primary Side (2A to 9A): Rating of Sec. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 167% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Example: 3KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Pri. Side=3000/(1.732X480)=4A Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.67X4A= 6A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse =6A. Over Current Protection at Primary Side (More than 9A): Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 125% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Higher Standard size. Example: 15KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Pri. Side=15000/(1.732X480)=18A Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.25X18A= 23A, So Next Higher Standard Size of Fuse =25A.
2) Primary and Secondary side Protection of Transformer:
Over Current Protection at Primary Side (Less than 2A): Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 250% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Over Current Protection at Primary Side (2A to 9A): Rating of Sec. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 250% of Pri. Full Load Current or Next Lower Standard size. Over Current Protection at Primary Side (More than 9A): Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 250% of Pri. Full Load Current or Lower Higher Standard size. Example: 25KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Pri. Side=125000/(1.732X480)=30A Rating of Primary Fuse = 2.50X30A= 75A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse =70A. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (Less than 9A): Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point B= 167% of Sec. Full Load Current or Lower Standard size.
9/4/13
Example: 3KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Sec. Side=3000/(1.732X230)=8A Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.67X8A= 13A, So Next Lower Standard Size of Fuse =9A. Over Current Protection at Secondary Side (More than 9A): Rating of Pri. Fuse / C.B at Point A= 125% of Pri. Full Load Current or Higher Standard size. Example: 15KVA, 480/230 3Phase Transformer, Full Load Current at Sec. Side=15000/(1.732X230)=38A Rating of Primary Fuse = 1.25X38A= 48A, So Next Higher Standard Size of Fuse =50A.
Summary of over current Protection for Less than 600V:

Maximum Rating of Over current Protection for Transformers Less than 600 Volts ProtectionMethod Primary Protection More than 9A Primary only protection Primary and secondary protection 125%(NH) 250% 2A to 9A 167% 250% Less than 2A 300% 250% Secondary Protection More than 9A Not required 125%(NH) Less than 9A Not required 167%
NH: Next Higher Standard Size. About these ads (http://en.wordpress.com/aboutthese-ads/) Get 5 Lakh Health Insurance Cover for Family by paying just Rs.1430* per month Name Mobile City
Select
Email Id
No. Of Family Members DOB Of Eldest Member

Select
FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED About Jignesh.Parmar Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat University. He has more than 11 years experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution-Electrical energy theft detection-Electrical

Abstract of Over Current Protection of Transformer (NEC 450

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Abstract of Over Current Protection of Transformer (NEC 450

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

9/4/13

Electrical Notes & Articles

Abstract of over current Protection of Transformer (NEC 450.3)

Over current Protection of Transformers > 600 V (NEC 450.3-A)

2) Unsupervised Location of Transformer (Impedance 6% to 10 %)

3) Supervised Location (in Primary side only) of Transformer:

4) Supervised Location of Transformer (Impedance Up to 6%):

5) Supervised Location of Transformer (Impedance 6% to 10%):

Difference in C.B between Supervised & Unsupervised Location

Summary of over current Protection for more than 600V:

Protection (More than 600 Volts)

More than 600 Volts

Over current Protection of Transformers< 600 V (NEC 450.3-B)

2) Primary and Secondary side Protection of Transformer:

Summary of over current Protection for Less than 600V:

No. Of Family Members DOB Of Eldest Member

S-ar putea să vă placă și