A disc to produce subjective colors.

of GT Fechner. It is well enough known that one can produce through a rotation with colors painted in an appropriate manner slice of white or gray. Strange as it seems to me that we do not yet perceived a phenomenon which is in a sense the opposite of the previous. Turning a rapidly covered with an alternation of white and black disc so arise colors. I made this observation first chance. I had to create a disc by turning various shades of gray, a cardboard disk par of 18 inch dia. can produce, which in 18 was divided equally wide concentric circular rings.The innermost was black, the next contained 20 degrees, 30 degrees below the white surface, & c, so that thus the outermost 18TE was all white. Plate III Figure 7 illustrates this arrangement as it would be for only 7 circular rings. The outline of the black figure is, apart from the corners (with division into an infinite number of circular rings), of an Archimedean spiral. Now when this disc was shot, I was surprised, rather than shades of pure gray's, but all sorts from the center to the circumference, so as the nature of the rotation speed perceive changing colors not to my eye, not of strong intensity, but were without animation. I have shown this phenomenon many people, and found that it is perceived by them with very uneven clarity, which may not be conspicuous in its consideration of subjective origin. Some called brilliant colors. Others could scarcely see anything of it, but I think they are quite escaped no one. Goethe would have found this disc may be very convenient for his theory by seeing colors appear here, in fact, when in motion black (of course only to say so) pushes over white, or vice versa. However, is the reason for the appearance indisputably the following: Put the disc moving in the direction of the arrow, as occurs for the assumed to be immobile eye with a black in place of the white, which was previously seen for a moment there. The impression of the so equally saw light now does not disappear immediately in mind, and although he does not for all color rays, which make up the white light, just quickly, as evidenced by other facts (namely the color-fading in the closed eye after being viewed bright images) can demonstrate enough, that I'll come back in a continuation of my studies on subjective colors. The colors go after each other in the eye now more or less, until upon continued rotation of the edge b in the place of a new white light comes and carries with it. But just as the impression of different colors different rays quickly disappears, he seems on the other hand also upon the occurrence of light after dark to assert again with different speed, so this creates a new reason to color phenomena. Depending on the disposition of the eye, the distances between the edge of a and b, which is different in the different annuli, and the speed of rotation of a greater or lesser proportion of colors must now of course already be extinct in the eye until new light on the eye encounters and new entrants to the phenomenon of color is composed partially extinct, and this caused the variability of the phenomenon, which can be brought difficult indeed to fixed rules. However, I have tried to do this by watching how, then increasingly faster rotation develop and change the colors at first slowly, however, have other of the , what I perceived this, can not perceive clearly what perhaps preferably on the increased

sensitivity of my eye for subjective colors based. In the precarious values that would have the subjective Single-perception, I will pass over, and merely mention the following fact, I perceive themselves with the greatest determination and the several others have noticed at least vaguely. If the disc is turned so slowly that the individual prongs of figure can still be somewhat distinguished, I see these teeth already lined colored, with vorwaltendem Green when the rotation occurs in the direction of the arrow, with vorwaltendem russet, when they takes place in the opposite direction. Prof. Mobius noticed when I showed him this experiment, another special circumstance to which I had become myself not paying attention, but which is striking and is perceived by everyone in the same way. If the slow rotation occurs in the direction of the arrow, so the black character seems to expand, whereas if it is done in the opposite direction to contract.Especially this contraction, this Einkriechen the figure is very striking, but also the expansion in the first case unmistakable. If one uses instead of a black figure on a white ground to a similar white on a black ground, so to show similar, though modified in the brightness of color phenomena. For moderate rotation speed, however, show the prongs lined rotgelb me here, if the rotation occurs in the direction of the arrow, blue green with opposite rotation. The apparent reduction or enlargement of the figure but occurs in the same direction as the rotation earlier. If you place a single white figure of the spiral slice on a black disk or vice versa attached and put the whole thing in rapid rotation, so do not show up as expected, the colors less.Using a white semi-circle on a black disc itself to me at a moderately broad daylight the phenomenon this way: at a moderate rotation speed, the wheel turns yellow, then with increasing speed gradually yellow-green, green, beautiful light blue. Through this, the disk about pulling inks general but flickers through a colorful marbling, which during the yellow phase of the phenomenon mainly of blue veins or fibers that pass through it by the yellow, is at more rapid rotation but changes gradually. If the speed is increased to reached bright blue phase even more, no uniform ink can be perceived, but the whole disk covered now with a wallpaper-like pattern of contiguous multi-colored mesh or cells, with here and there stray larger spots.This multi-colored cellular pattern is most consistent with this whole class of phenomena. Namely, it was performed at a sufficiently rapid rotation of the disk by different persons of different brightness of lighting, and also for sectors of angles other than 180 , so is also the various annuli of the first-described wafer. Mind As to the succession of the general color inks with increasing rotation speed, so I have not even yet it clearly in direct sunlight, or even in daylight dawning in the specified previously been able to perceive nature. I felt very strange when using the white semi-circle under sun light falling directly the appearance of irregularly scattered points, which radiated from the finest gold luster when the disc was rotated at a constant speed. If after publication of the cellular pattern colors, the speed is still further increased beyond a certain limit, so does the clarity of the same speed increases

again. Indisputably one would get the same clean gray with sufficient growth. In fact, although I have with my command rotary engine to drive the speed in any of the cases where a single alternation between White and Black took place in the whole circumference to the point been able that a colorless pure gray would be published; very easy but with several alternations, easy to expect what a difference even after the cause of the phenomenon. Applying z, as a disc, which in divided 12 alternating white and black sectors, the cell color pattern already appears at a very low rotation speed, where to see nothing at all of them when using the white semi-circle, and it increases the speed a little more, so it reflows patterns in the purest, most uniform gray. It would be interesting to investigate, in which rotation speeds, or what number of alternations between white and black (when the velocity is constant) for different gray eyes that occurs by itself from this kind of a subjective measure of certain peculiarities of the same could be found. I can not help but believe that the appearance of wallpaper-like pattern, as it can have no reason in the object, based on a variety of different points of the retina in rapid alienation and inclusion of different colors namely sensations. As a practical result would emerge from the foregoing that the Talbot (in this Ann. Vol XXXV p 465) specified disk to generate different shades of gray 1) , essentially the same as that which I have described first (with the spiral figure), its purpose does not correspond very well. One has to get with moderate rotation speeds colorless gray-applying to the quantities of white and black in multiple distribute alternations in circles.
1)

It is very striking to me that Talbot has seen nothing of the same color in many other particulars. At least there is nothing mentioned about it.