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The purpose of t h i s manual i s t o f i l l the need f o r a single source of descriptive information concerning the Eclipse-Pioneer ST-120 Stabilized Platform, The l e v e l of presentation i s t h a t of an introductory familiari-
i t s function a s the heart of the Pershing Guidance System, and i t s r e l a t i o n ship t o other p a r t s of the system. More detailed information i s available i n t h e Eclipse-Pioneer manuals and publications l i s t e d i n the bibliography* Many of them served a s technical references f o r t h i s work, I n addition, the authors a r e indebted t o Messrs* F, Hanusek,
L . Alperwitz,
Go
Pioneer personnel f o r t h e i r valuable contributions of information, cons t r u c t i v e criticism, and c l e r i c a l assistance during the preparation of t h i s text,
TABLE O F C O N T E N T S
Page I, Introduction
A,
I .
2
B,
C,
1 1 , Stable Platform
A,
Coordinate Systems
4 4 5
6
8
8
8
8
1, Missile Coordinates
2, Platf o m Coordinates Guidance Coordinates
3
B,
Main Assemblies
1, $haft
2,
Roll and Y a w Centerpiece Assembly
4*
C,
9 9 9
12
Components
1 , AB-5 Stabilizing G y m
2,
A1UIAB-3 Accelerometer
3 , S e m Motors
3-4
4, 5,
Microsyns PenduLums
15
16
17 18
8,
Pitch Resolver
3.9
9 , Nulling Card
10, Caging Motor
1 1 , Porno Prism
12, Pneumatic System
b,
c,
111.
Introductian Pitch Cam P r o g r m e r and Relay Assembly Auto Transformer Amplifier Modules
,I
B,
C,
D ,
Alignment Loops
le X Alignment Loop
2,
Z A l i m e n t Loop
3,
b,
B,
S t a b i l i z a t i s n Loops
1 , X Stabilfza
2,,
Y Stabi l f z a t f on Loop
Z Stabilizati
3,
C,
Accelerometer Loopa
D,
Attitude Loops
1 , Yaw A t t i t u d e Loop
2*
R o l l Attitude Loop
3.
Pitch A t t i t u d e Loop
Bibliography
Missile S e e t i
MissiEe C s o r d k a t e System
Platform Coordilnates Guidmce C o o r ~ n a t e s Hain Shaft d t h Flanges ST-3.20 Yaw and R o l l AS Inner Gimbal Assembly i e r Ring t o I n n e r Gimbal Assembly
ST-120 I n t e m e d i a t e S h a f t Assembly
Figwe 6 Photo U2523 Photo u5795 Photo Us788 Photo U571f; Photo u5792r. Photo US712 Photo 7nJ2252 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Photo Us713 Photo W222.3-1 figure 10 Figure II1 photo W2908
ST-120 I n t e m e d f a t e Assellib
s Relationship
kB-5 S t a b i l f x i n g
h AeceSe~meter
BPIAB-3 I n t e g r a t i n g Aceelea~ometerAssembly
AMAB-3 Aecelenoomete~C
Description IJIicrosyn a t Null Plicrosyn off Null P'iierosyn Loop A i r Bearing Pendulum
A i r Bearing Pendulm Cutaway
Follows Page
Pendulum a t N u l l
(b 1
( 4
Pendulum off Null Positioning of Pendulums on Carrier Ring Azimuth Pick-up Azimuth Rek-up Schematic Transformer-Resolver and Connector Assembly Pitch COT, a t M u l l Pitch COT, off N u l l Pitch C.T. i n t h e Loop
Figure lS(a)
(b1
Photo 61-3468 Figure l h ( a ) (b 1
(C
>
Pitch Resolver Nulling Card Adjustments Nulling Card Schematic ST-120 Caging Hechanism Assembly Caging Mechanism Operatic. Pomo Prism ST-120 P n e w t i e System ST-120 Servo Amplifier Box Servo Amplifier Box Input & Output Voltages
(b
Photo U.5491 Figwe 19 Figure 20 Figure 2 1 Photo 61-176-1 Figwe 22
FolLows Page Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure Pitch C m Programm Relay Assembly Servo Amplifier Module Block Diagram Alignment Loops S t a b i l i z a t i o n Loops Accelerometer & At"tf"cude Loops Guidance System Block Diagram
25
elevation of
45,
By contra
a 1 from an a z b u t h pickoff,
control,
is pap% of the
%her with the
ST-120 P l a t f o m comprise the Guidance Sys Guidance and Control section o f t h e missilec
1 , Alf gnment AmpPif i e r (manufactwed by Eclipse
during pre-flight al%gnment of the ST420 PZatf receives signals frorn the ST-120 A i r Bearing Pendue Pick-of% and amplifies them sufficientP$ t o ope the s t a b il i z i n g m o s o The
r r s f o r positioning
not become a i ~ b o m ,
2,
t o drive servomotors which position the platform and which servo the
i n t e g r a t f i g acceleroraeters, The h p l i f i e r Box a l s o can
s a Pitch Cam
longitudinal, with the yaw vector pointing outward i n the same direction a s vane number I, Pitch displacement ($ P) i s r o t a t i o n about a t h i r d
mutually perpendicular a x i s with the pitch vector pointing outward from the side of the missile between vanes 1 and 111, 1%-ssile rotation about these three axes i s .sensed by the control transformer By definition, vane number I point;s t n the missile
d vmes 1 1 and III a r e sequen-
i s aligned i n azimu
t i a l l y clockwise a s v i e
For r o l l control,
a l l three vanes d e f l e c t the same %mom% and in the same direction, clockwise o r counter c l o e M s e on t h e i r s h a f t s , For yaw control, vane I de-
i n t o the b a l l i s t i c trajecLory, corrective actfon t o maintain t a r g e t azinuth changes progressively from missi e r o l l control t o yaw control,
2,
perpendicular axes passing %hrough the center of gimbal f~eedomabout which the platform c a r r i e r r i n g is Sgned and s t a b i l i z e d (Figure
5),
The Z, axis i s p a r a l l e l t o t h e bottom surface of the c a r r i e r r i n g and concentric with the c a r r i e r s i n g opening, with the Ze vector pointing
FIN I
TCH
A TFOR
ES
r0
al pingo Thus, t h e
a t s r of the p i t c
ring and the r o t o r i s geared $0 the inner gimbal ring, r o t a t e s about the p i t
h g roLates wfth
it, ro-
s f o m e r are connected t o
eaf which
is par
i t t e r i s moved by t
p i t c h cam .to
changes s o a s 4 x 1keep the r o c t r s f the p$deh control t-ansfsmer synchronized with t h a t of the p teh transmitter, no duced, mror si a 1 output i s pro-
called f o by ~
al i s produced sf a
and the rotor is d i r e c X y coupled to %he r o t o r of t h e pi%eh control transe r (photo 61=-3LcjR), Thus, bte resolver r o t o r moves: with changes missile p i t c h a t
c z w
La
a. P/TCH C.T. A T NULL klr. PITCH C.T OFF NULL c.PITCH C.7 T H E LOOP
ROLL SERVO
MOTOR
SERVO
\
M o m
N/C@SYNS
7 1 -
NULL. ASSEMBLY
ROLL MICROSYN
h
<
YA W I
MICROS YN r+-+
makes it d i f f i c u l t t o achieve
by mechaniaa
eratea a caging a c t u a t o ~
W ~ P
ide,
is of t h e platform p a r a l l e l s the p i b h a x i s
axis is per
axis of %he?pP
The Xc
axfa is p a r a l l e l t o She bo tom surface of %he c a r r i e r r i n g and 2, axes, with the vector When the
p l a t f o m and the missi e are i n the v e r t i c a l f i r i n g position, the Xc axis of the p l a t f o m paraPlieis %he pointing toward the axis of the missile with both axes
o m c a r r i e r r i n g a r e three i n t e g r a t b g
%ion of t h e missile along h a t e s designated z e t a ( For cross ~ a n g e , a (
Y\
f o r slant
%nee c o o r d h a t e system is
ordinate system, but disdirection about the c a r r i e r ) -is parallels the c a r r i e ~
n ( s l a n t a l t i t u d e ) axes l i e i
The relationship be
t h a t when the platform csordfnates are aligned i n horizontal and a z b u t h , the guidance cosrdfn movements of e s define an i n e r t i a l frame of reference f o r sensing red phase of i t s f l i g h t ,
The xi axis extends from %he l a m c h s i t e a t rn angle of elevation of 42,s0 i n the direction of t h get, This angle was chosen t o correspond e a t t h e point where the warhead range accelerometer
sl t o the ~ 2 . 5 ~
should begin i%sf r e e b a l l i a
senses accelerations a l m g $he x i a x i s a s the basis f o r integrating s l a n t range velocity and s lacement, %en the guidance computer
sees t h a t the missile has achieved the r i g h t combination of v e l o c i t y and displacement a l signal. The e t a a s ax t o the slope of %he a positive accelera the b a l P i s t i c t r a j e e t computer develops a p t h e Sauneh point upward a% an angle normal
C
m u s t reach a
the missile on t r a c
11, B,
Hain AssembPfe
1 , Shaft
These flanges eonta and fastening devices f o r m0 s h a f t i s r i g i d l y Past changes i n position s t o t h e p i t c h axis of $he missiPe, 2,
d the r o l l and yaw centerpiece assembly (Photo U5795),, The r o l l centerpiece i s r i g i d l y secured t o the turn i s supported within the s h a f t on bearings
approximately plus t o provide the rol and yaw centerpiece assembly ~ 5 t h and minus
15 degrees
rotati
a l f r e e d m i n yaw,
assembly i s secured
o the s h a f t ,
3.
The inner gimbal. assembly (Photo US7881 is assembled over t h e r o l l centerpiece, being suppor ed on the r o l l centerpiece by bearings t o provide approximately p
us
3.5 degrees
freedom i n r o l l ,
This, together
7 BRPORIITIBH rillesl P i l * i i i
ClWlllON
iiiissoD0
NEW 1 E 0 W
"Inner G i m b a l Assembly".
F T ASSEMBLY
Relative t o the
AB-5
concentric t o t h e housing and t h e inner cylinder assembly ( ~ i ~ u 8), re i n p u t a x i s ( 2 ) i s normal t o t h e output a x i s and passes through t h e a i r f i l t e r ( i n l e t ) adapter, above axes,
p e r i p h e r a l movement i s from t h e a i r f i l t e r adapter toward t h e pickoff and t o r q u e r which a r e d i r e c t l y under t h e crown of the cover and f i l t e r assembly,
d,
Application
A s applied t o the ST-120 S t a b i l i z e d Pf-atform, each of t h e
t h r e e AS-5 S t a b i l i z i n g i;yros i s mounted on the c a r r i e r r i n g with i t s i n p u t a x i s p a r a l l e l i n g t h a t platform coordinate a x i s about which it c o n t r o l s s t a b i l i z a t i o n (Figure 91, i n p u t a x i s ZZw
The P i t c h S t a b i l i z i n g Gyro Unit (ZGU) has i t s
The Roll
Y , a x i s * And t h e Yaw S t a b i l i z i n g
its
A disturbhg
torque? exerted on the platform about any of i t s axes appears a s an i n p u t t o t h e corresponding gyro, causing t h a t g y ~ o t o precess, pickoff s i g n a l fs ampli f i e The resulLfPlg
by t h e servo a m p l i f i e r s u f f i c i e n t l y t o d r i
In t h i s way
ivaQent t o the s t i f f n e s s of t h e
To e s t a b l i s h l i f t o f f , torquing si
applied t o the torquers i n the s t a b i l i z i n g gylros, t o a gy.0 torquer forces r e s u l t i n g i n a pickoff s i the platforms uaP re-srienta
So Pang a s the torquer receives voltage, the semo motor a t f o m t o preven t h e r displacement
applies counter-torque
BPIIAB-3 Acceleromtes
a, The APllGB-3 i s a two degree of freed integrating gyro-
ed on t h e c a r r i e r ring of t h e ST-120 Stabilized Platform (Photo ~573.3) with i t s s e n s i t i v e axes p a r a l l Zing t h e guidance
r o m e t e ~(Photo W2223-1) i s t h e
12,000 Rf3M ( ~ i g m e lo),
The r o t o r
irnder assembly, which a c t s a s e inner cylinder assembly i s leave and f o i assembly, This
by T i n e a ~ acceQerations.
~rea~mplifie bru i l t i n t o t h e
a s well as t h e seyne o %ransn:E?;ter a r e secured t o ?;he h o u s h g while t h e i r r o t o r s zrc pcsitioned by a l a r g c Eear fastened t o t h e intermediate assemblye
c,
P r i n c i p l e of Operation
lrshen?, t h e
w i t i s a c m l e r a t e d along i t s s e n s i t i v e a x i s , t'ne
f o r c e of a c c e l e r a t i o n a c t i n g or, t h e pendulous m i q h t produces a torque about t h e a i r b a x i s causes t h e g axis, This torquine: of t h e ~ y r o about t h e a i r bearing
s i g n a l i s a m ~ l i f i e dby "r;e preamplifier and t h e servo a m p l i f i e r t o d r i v e o Hotor Lo overcome t h a t f r i c t i o n , assembly i s continous a s long a s t h Rotation of t h e intermediate Through s u i t -
acceleration exists,
a b l e gearing, t h e i n t e m e d i a t e assembly p o s i t i o n s the r o t o r of t h e synchro t r a n s m i t t e r , producing a n angular velocidy s i g n a l outpuk from i t s s t a t o r , d, AppLicati
A s applied t o t h e ST--120 S+,;?bilized Platform, nach cf the t k r e e
- l3 -
cePerometer ha
s sensitive axf
mgular velocity
ge Accelerometer has
i t s sensitive
Comlptuter w h e ~ cut-off,
e second stiag
PHASE
Each of the three ae@elerometerson the platform c a r r i e r ring contains a servo motor9 the fune ion of which i s t o torque the accelerometer intermediate assembly and s p c h r o transmitter, The r a t e of r o t a t i o n of
the servo motor i s proportiona91 t o the pick-off s i g n a l r e s u l t i n g from displacement of the pendulous a i r beaping gimbal due t o acceleration sensed along the input axis.
4.
The mierosyn i s an angrrar position. transducer (Pho
W2908).
T w o
i d e n t i c a l mierosyns are i r ~ c o ~ o ~ a it n ed the ST-120 Stabilized Platform gimballing system, designated $@Yaw MicrospH and itRoll Microsynn, These
microsyns sense a t t i t u d e deviations of the missile frame r e l a t i v e t o the platform, acting a s e r r o r detectors i n t h e yaw and r o l l servo loops. block diagram representing a se When the missil duces an e r r o r s i loop is shown in (Figure 1 2 ) a
A
e r r o r s i g n a l i s fed i n t o t h e c o n t r o l computer which commands missile steering t o correct the missile a t t i t u d e thus reduce the e r r o r s i g n a l voltage t o n u l l , The r o E m%crssyn?servo loop operates Sn a manner
300 mv/degree
,
i s affixed t o t h e yaw centerliahen the m i s s i l e r o t a t e s
main shaft,
Thus, missile
INPUT
a.MICROSYN
OFF NULL
EXCITATION VOLTAGE
SLUG
AIR BEARING
ROLL
o reflecting surfaces
disposed a t right
It is used during
of the ST-128 PlaL-
h g s o t h a t jita dihedral
o the f i r i n g az&nutho
$e assembly beemes
bough $he main
s of the h d i v i
BRACKET SICET
INPU T5
OUTPUTS
d,26<400--
Gym 4
O U T COMM. f 2 8 V - D.C.
PITCH CT(
+
28 V-D.C.
SERt'J &lv^T>fl
OUTPUT
YAW SEFVO M O T O P
CONTRQL
I STATOR \
/ '
CONTROL. TRANSFORMER
TO CONTROL COMPUTER
signal suffieien
z ) ,
i s corrected in the s
pitch alignmen
OOPS
for proeess
circuitso
P be sensed by the
4,
Pit&
Attitud
e pfteh attitud
transient pitchin
pfteh progrm is genera PifPer Box,
s the rotor of
8
ov
from tha
cause
Security Classification
None
None
None None
Mone
None
Mone
Non None Mone, None
Con fidsntial
Code Number
Description
Secuxi t y Classification
2 -51~-261
Missile Borne Guidance Computer Type No. Confidential 10586500-19 Gear and E l e c t r i c a l Schematic Drawing and Description of the Slant Altitude Channel Missile Borne Guidance Computer Type No, 10586500-19 Gear and E l e c t r i c a l Schematic Drawing and Description of the Cross Range Channel Missile Borne Guidance Computer Type Noe 10586500-19 Electromechanical Schematic hawing and Description of the Cutoff and Arming Circuit Confidential
2-SIC-261
2 -5D-Es6X
Confidential