1.

Below figure shows a person sitting in a room. A thermometer shows the temperature of the room.

a) Give three uses of energy in the body of the person in above figure.

b) Name the process carried out by the person in figure that releases the energy.

c) The person leaves the room and runs very fast for 200mt. when the person stops running, his breathing rate and his heart rate remain high. Explain why the persons breathing rate and heart rate remain high after the run.

d) There are changes in the skin at the beginning of the run and during the run. These changes involve the blood vessels and the sweat glands. Describe what happens to the blood vessels and sweat glands at the beginning of the run and during the run. Explain why these changes happen.

2.

When a person inspires (breath in), the air from the atmosphere reaches the alveoli (air sacs). It is contains a lot of oxygen. The oxygen from here then dissolves in water lining each alveolus and thereafter diffuses through the lining of alveolus and capillary walls into the blood. The blood contains a high concentration of carbon dioxide and therefore in the vice versa process, the carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses out into the air sacs and ultimately released out to the atmosphere. a) From the above information, draw a labeled diagram of gas exchange at an alveolus in the space provided below.

b) Enlist the four basic features of the alveoli of the lungs that adapt them for efficient exchange of gases.

c) State the name and location of molecule that is responsible for the binding of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

d) Copy and complete the following sentences using the words below:

Aerobic, glucose, oxygen, mitochondria, energy,

Respiration takes place in all living __________________.

carbon dioxide,
A fuel for

cells
is

respiration

________________. It is broken down to release _________________. Also produces is water and the waste gas ___________________. When it takes place in the presence of ___________________ we call it ____________________ respiration. These reactions take place in every living cell, inside tiny structures called _____________________.

3.

Respiration involves a number of chemical reactions that breaks down nutrient molecules, such as glucose in living cells to release energy. When the availability of oxygen is in adequate amount, the cells use the oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the complete breakdown of glucose. Hence, as the oxygen is used in the process, the respiration is called as the aerobic respiration. a) Give the word equation for aerobic respiration.

b) Enlist the five processes that use the energy released from aerobic respiration.

Another form of energy production in the inadequate supply or absence of oxygen is termed as the anaerobic respiration. This process is generally adapted in the small organisms such as microbes while higher organism adapt to this process only in some conditions. This is because, the anaerobic respiration produces relatively small amount of energy from glucose. c) Give the word equation for two examples of anaerobic respiration.

d) From the above word equation, explain in your own words, the process of fermentation and its use in the brewing and bread making industry.

e) Define the term oxygen debt and state the process by which this debt is repaid in the body.

4.

The below table shows the units of lactic acid produced in the leg muscles of an athlete during a race.

Time (minutes) Units of lactic acid

0 0

10 1

20 7

30 12

40 9

50 6

60 3

70 1

80 1

a) Draw a graph in the space provided below from the above data.

b) Explain the trend in the graph.

c) From the graph, state the instance when the lactic acid reaches the maximum level.

d) Explain the reason, why the muscles produced lactic acid?

e) Explain why muscles produced less lactic acid towards the end of race.