Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), an introduction The term, HSPA refers to the latest Access is also universally known as technologies-High Speed Download mobile phone and cell phone users second. Uses Of HSPA Technology Faster Connection Via Mobile Browsers - Mobile browsers can now connect to any website. The HSPA technology allows the user to view every page, irrespective of its size or richness of content. Faster Audio And Video Streaming - Users now watch videos, television shows and listen to music, without experiencing any time lags. Faster Gaming - The biggest benefactor is the mobile gaming industry. Media-rich and Multi-player games can be easily accessed via mobile phones which use HSPA technology. entrant in mobile data transfer. High Speed Packet 3G .This technology is made up of two different Access and High Speed Upload Access. HSPA offers access t o speeds up to fourteen megabits per
Benefits Of HSPA Technology Better Real-Time Access - At the overall lag time is reduced; there has been an increase in the usage of real-time mobile applications. Better Data Uploads And Downloads - Since the speeds available are high, users upload or download any information. Delays in transfer of data are no longer an issue. Better Productivity - The combination of low lag time and high speeds allows users to conduct all their business transactions via their mobile phone, thus increasing their productivity.
Disadvantages Of HSPA Technology Network Strength - Areas with poor network, reduce the overall performance. User Strength - If, many users are using the 3G network, overall speeds will reduce significantly. Better And Cheaper Technologies Available - The market today has technologies cheaper and faster in comparison to HSPA.
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)[1] is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing 3rd generation mobile telecommunication networks utilizing the WCDMA protocols. A further improved 3GPP standard, Evolved HSPA (also known as HSPA+), was
released late in 2008 with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit-rates to reach as high as 168 Mbit/s in the downlink and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview 2 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) 3 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 4 Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) 5 Dual-carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA) 6 Dual-carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA) 7 Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA) 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links
Shared-channel transmission, which results in efficient use of available code and power resources in WCDMA
A shorter transmission time interval (TTI), which reduces round-trip time and improves the tracking of fast channel variations
Link adaptation, which maximizes channel usage and enables the base station to operate at close to maximum cell power
Fast scheduling, which prioritizes users with the most favorable channel conditions Fast retransmission and soft-combining, which further increase capacity 16-QAM and 64-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), which yields higher bit-rates MIMO, which exploits antenna diversity to provide further improvements in bit-rates and system capacity.
By July 2010, HSPA had been commercially deployed by over 200 operators in more than 80 countries.
Main article: HSDPA The first step required to upgrade WCDMA to HSPA is to improve the downlink by introducing HSDPA. The improved downlink provides up to 14 Mbit/s with significantly reduced latency. The improvement in speed and latency reduces the cost per bit and enhances support for high-performance packet data applications. HSDPA is based on shared channel transmission and its key features are shared channel and multi-code transmission, higher-order modulation, short transmission time interval (TTI), fast link adaptation and scheduling along with fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). The upgrade to HSDPA is often just a software update for most WCDMA networks, and as of May 2008 90 percent of WCDMA networks have been upgraded to HSDPA.[2] Voice calls are usually prioritized over data transfer. Singapore's three network providers M1, StarHub and SingTel provide up to 28 Mbit/s throughout the entire island. The Australian provider Telstraprovides up to 14.4 Mbit/s nationwide and up to 42Mbit/s in selected areas. The Croatian VIPnet network supports a downlink speed of 7.2 Mbit/s, as does Rogers Wireless in Canada which also supports 21 Mbit/s in the Toronto area.[3] In South Korea, a nationwide 7.2 Mbit/s coverage is now established by SK Telecom and KTF. In Hong Kong, PCCW, CSL and Hutchinson 3 provide 21 Mbit/s coverage and [], In India BPL, MTS and Tata DoCoMo provide speed of 21.1 Mbit/s nationwide while Reliance ADAE provides speeds up to 28.8 Mbit/s nationwide. Sri Lankan companies likeMobitel, Etisalat provides up to 42Mbit/s and Dialog, Airtel and Hutch provides 7.2 Mbit/s.
Globally, there are more than 478 commercial networks with HSPA in more than 181 countries as of October 2012. . Initial HSPA networks offered 3.6 Mbps peak downlink rates with the bulk of the remainder offering 7.2 Mbps; however, continued progress by vendors and leading innovative operators, allows for HSPA networks capable of peak bit-rates of 14.4 Mbps. The majority of HSPA networks are offering peak rates at 14.4 Mbps unless they have migrated to the next level of HSPA+. The first HSPA+ networks using 64 QAM modulation and offering 21 Mbps are also in operation. The use of higher order modulation schemes (from 16 QAM up to 64 QAM), along with MIMO technology, which takes HSPA into HSPA+ or evolved HSPA was developed in 3GPP Release 7.
Propelling the strong growth is a strong selection of devices supporting HSPA. Already, as of October 2012, there were more than 3847 commercial HSPA devices available worldwide from more than 285 suppliers (Source: GSA).
Whereas HSDPA optimizes downlink performance, HSUPA uses the Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) for a set of improvements that optimizes uplink performance. Networks and devices supporting HSUPA became available in 2007 and the combined improvements in the uplink and downlink are called HSPA. These improvements include higher throughputs, reduced latency and increased spectral efficiency. HSUPA (HSPA) is standardized in Release 6 and results in an approximated 85 percent increase in overall cell throughput on the uplink and more than 50 percent gain in user throughput. HSUPA also reduces packet delays, a significant benefit resulting in significantly improved application performance on HSPA networks.
In current deployments, HSPA users regularly experience throughput rates well in excess of 1 Mbps under favorable conditions, on both downlinks and uplinks, with 4 Mbps downlink speed commonly measured; planned enhancements will double peak user-achievable throughput rates.
Beyond throughput enhancements, HSPA also significantly reduces latency. In optimized networks, latency will fall below 50 milliseconds (ms), relative to current HSDPA networks at 70 ms. And with a later HSPA introduction of 2 ms Transmission Time Interval (TTI), latency will be as low as 30 ms.
HSPA gives carriers an efficient mobile broadband technology that can evolve to HSPA+ to meet the advanced wireless needs of customers. To leverage operator investments in HSPA and enhance the quality of service across networks, 3GPP finalized Release 7 and Release 8, which specify a series of enhancements to create HSPA+. Also,
3GPP examined further specifications in Release 9. HSPA+ employs many of the techniques utilized for LTE.
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also dubbed 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of up to 42.2 Mbit/s. Further speed increases are available with HSPA+, which provides speeds of up to 337.5 Mbit/s with Release 11 of the 3GPP standards.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Technology
o o o o o o
1.1 High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel 1.2 Hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ) 1.3 Fast packet scheduling 1.4 Adaptive modulation and coding 1.5 Dual-Cell 1.6 Other improvements
allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink carriers. An advanced HSPA network can theoretically support up to 28 Mbit/s and 42.2 Mbit/s with a single 5 MHz carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 (64-QAM + MIMO), in good channel conditions with low correlation between transmit antennas. An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the bandwidth to 10 MHz (i.e. 25 MHz) by using DC-HSDPA. Additionally, some diversity and joint scheduling gains can also be expected[3] with improved QoS for end users in poor environment conditions where existing techniques such as MIMO spatial multiplexing cannot be used to increase data rates. In 3GPP a study item was completed in June 2008. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825. [4] New HSDPA User Equipment categories 21-24have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can support up to 42.2 Mbit/s, but unlike HSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transmission. From Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with MIMO used on both carriers.[5] This will allow theoretical speed of up to 84.4 Mbit/s. The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying Release 7 MIMO to benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two different frequency bands. Future releases will allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously.
3GPP Release
Release 5
16-QAM
.76
1.2
Release 5
16-QAM
.76
1.2
Release 5
16-QAM
.76
1.8
Release 5
16-QAM
.76
1.8
Release 5
16-QAM
.76
3.6
Release 5
16-QAM
.76
3.6
Release 5
10
16-QAM
.75
7.2
Release 5
10
16-QAM
.76
7.2
Release 5
15
16-QAM
.70
10.1
Release 5
10
15
16-QAM
.97
14.0
Release 5
11
QPSK
.76
0.9
Release 5
12
QPSK
.76
1.8
Release 7
13
15
64-QAM
.82
17.6
Release 7
14
15
64-QAM
.98
21.1
Release 7
15
15
16-QAM
MIMO 2x2
.81
23.4
Release 7
16
15
16-QAM
MIMO 2x2
.97
28.0
Release 7
19
15
64-QAM
MIMO 2x2
.82
35.3
64-QAM Release 7 20 15 16-QAM (MIMO) Release 8 Release 8 Release 8 Release 8 21 22 23 24 15 15 15 15 16-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM 64-QAM Dual-Cell Dual-Cell Dual-Cell Dual-Cell Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Triple-Cell Triple-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Quad-Cell Quad-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Hexa-Cell .81 .97 .82 .98 23.4 28.0 35.3 42.2 MIMO 2x2 .98 28
Release 9
25
15
16-QAM
.81
46.7
Release 9
26
15
16-QAM
.97
55.9
Release 9
27
15
64-QAM
.82
70.6
Release 9
28
15
64-QAM
.98
84.4
Release 10
29
15
64-QAM
.98
63.3
Release 10
30
15
64-QAM
.98
126.6
Release 10
31
15
64-QAM
.98
84.4
Release 10
32
15
64-QAM
.98
168.8
Release 11
33
15
64-QAM
.98
126.6
Release 11
34
15
64-QAM
Hexa-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Octa-Cell Octa-Cell + MIMO 2x2 Dual-Cell + MIMO 4x4 Quad-Cell + MIMO 4x4
.98
253.2
Release 11
35
15
64-QAM
.98
168.8
Release 11
36
15
64-QAM
.98
337.5
Release 11
37
15
64-QAM
.98
168.8
Release 11
38
15
64-QAM
.98
337.5
Notes:
1. 2. ^ 16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support. ^ The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data rates. 3. ^ The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers (overhead information) etc.
equipment categories offer data rates up to 3 Gbit/s for downlink and 1.5 Gbit/s for uplink using OFDMA modulation.
On March 10, 2011, SaskTel announced that Dual-Cell HSPA+ will be available in Saskatoon and Regina by the summer.[16] SaskTel also announced that the first device to take advantage of this new technology will be the Novatel Wireless MC547 Mobile Internet Stick. On August 23, 2011, Telenor Hungary started Dual-Cell HSPA+ service in Budapest and its surroundings.[17] In 2011, Viva Telecom Kuwait started offering Dual-Cell HSPA+ to its customers.[18] In 2011, Personal; a Telecom Argentina / Telecom Italia subsidiary in Paraguay, started offering DualCell HSPA+ to its customers.[19] Also in 2011 two carriers in Finland, Elisa and DNA started offering "4G" backed up by Dual-Cell HSPA+ whereas LTE coverage is merely spotty in nature.[20][21] In February 2012, Personal from Paraguay started offering Dual-Carrier HSPA+ to its customers.[22] In February 2012, Three UK announced the start of its trials of DC-HSDPA. Full rollout will begin in Summer 2012. As of November 2012 50 cities have been chosen for the initial roll out to be completed by the end of 2012 - with Belfast joining in January 2013. They plan to cover 50% of the UK population by the end of 2012.[23] By mid 2012, 3 in Italy had deployed DC-HSDPA 42Mbit/s all over its network. In August 2012, Etisalat Sri Lanka announced the start of its DC-HSPA+ network. First operator in a South Asian country to do so.[24] In August 2012, Cellcom Liberia started Dual-Cell HSPA+ service in Liberia and its surroundings.[25] In August 2012, Gmobile Mongolia announced the start of its DC-HSPA+ network. It is the first operator in Mongolia to do so.[26] In December 2012 Vodafone NZ announced the start of its DC-HSPA network roll-out, ahead of other carriers.[27][28]
3GPP Long Term Evolution Cellular router High-Speed Uplink Packet Access High-Speed OFDM Packet Access List of device bandwidths List of HSDPA networks Multi-band UMTS UMTS frequency bands
GSMA on HSPA
^ Nomor Research White Paper: Dual-Cell HSDPA and its Evolution ^ [R1-081546, Initial multi-carrier HSPA performance evaluation, Ericsson, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #52bis, April, 2008.]
4. 5. 6. 7.
^ 3GPP TR 25.825 (V1.0.0) Dual Cell HSDPA Operation ^ Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution ^ 3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm ^ Telstra switches on 42 Mbit/s Next G, plans 84 Mbit/s upgrade in 2011 | Comms Dayhttp://www.commsday.com/commsday/?p=789
8. 9.
^ Indosat first in Asia to launch 42 Mbit/s HSPA+http://www.telecomasia.net/print/17244 ^ Indosat gears up for 4G and launches Asia's fastest network Ericsson http://www.ericsson.com/news/142992
10. ^ "Telus, Bell Announce Switch from CDMA to HSDPA". 11. ^ Marlow, Iain (3 November 2009). "Bell, Telus launch high-speed networks". Toronto Star. 12. ^ "T-Mobile USA Finishes Upgrade to HSPA 7.2". PCWorld. 2010-01-05. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 13. ^ Vodafone Portugal rolls out Mobile Broadband at speeds up to 43.2 Mbps 14. ^ Bell doubling data speeds on world-leading HSPA+ wireless network 15. ^ "EMOBILE G4DCHSDPAD41HW (1/2) - ITmedia Mobile". Plusd.itmedia.co.jp. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 16. ^ "SaskTel's Wireless Network Classified as 4G Province-wide - 2011 news releases - News About us". SaskTel. 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 17. ^ "Coverage - Telenor". Telenor.hu. 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 18. ^ https://www.viva.com.kw/personal-internet 19. ^ "Cada persona es un mundo". Personal. Retrieved 2013-03-17.
20. ^ "On Elisa". Elisa.com. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 21. ^ http://www.sttinfo.fi/pressrelease/detail.do?pressId=41036&type=thisweek&searchKey=350ef1f0 -2562-11e1-b131-ad87812695ee&languageId=all&pageIndex=1 22. ^ Csar Salvucci (2012-02-07). "Personal present su red Dual Carrier HSPA+ en Paraguay" . Telesemana. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 23. ^ Sheppard, Phil. "Three to launch leading edge 3G service. - Welcome to the Three Blog". Blog.three.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 24. ^ "Etisalat Sri Lanka - DC HSPA". Etisalat.lk. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 25. ^ "Cellcom - You are always No. 1". Lr.cellcomgsm.com. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 26. ^ www.gmobile.mn 27. ^ "Vodafone's dual-carrier network upgrade". Geekzone. 28. ^ "Vodafone's fast network". 29. ^ Vodafone UK 7.2 MBs service
Sauter, Martin (2006). Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society. Chichester: John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-02676-6.
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala (2006). HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS: High Speed Radio Access for Mobile Communications. ISBN 0-470-01884-4.
Stuhlfauth, Reiner (2012). High Speed Packet Access: Technology and measurement aspects of HSDPA and HSUPA mobile radio systems. Munich. ISBN 978-3-939837-14-5.
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a 3G mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbit/s. The name HSUPA was created by Nokia. The official3GPP name for 'HSUPA' is Enhanced Uplink (EUL).[1]
The specifications for HSUPA are included in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Release 6 standard published by 3GPP. "The technical purpose of the Enhanced Uplink feature is to improve the performance of uplink dedicated transport channels, i.e. to increase capacity and throughput and reduce delay."
Contents
[hide]
shorter Transmission Time Interval enabling faster link adaptation; HARQ (hybrid ARQ) with incremental redundancy making retransmissions more effective.
Similarly to HSDPA, HSUPA uses a packet scheduler, but it operates on a request-grant principle where the UEs request a permission to send data and the scheduler decides when and how many UEs will be allowed to do so. A request for transmission contains data about the state of the transmission buffer and the queue at the UE and its available power margin. However, unlike HSDPA, uplink transmissions are not orthogonal to each other. In addition to this scheduled mode of transmission the standards also allows a self-initiated transmission mode from the UEs, denoted non-scheduled. The non-scheduled mode can, for example, be used for VoIP services for which even the reduced TTI and the Node B based scheduler will not be able to provide the very short delay time and constant bandwidth required. Each MAC-d flow (i.e. QoS flow) is configured to use either scheduled or non-scheduled modes; the UE adjusts the data rate for scheduled and non-scheduled flows independently. The maximum data rate of each non-scheduled flow is configured at call setup, and typically not changed frequently. The power used by the scheduled flows is controlled dynamically by the Node B through absolute grant (consisting of an actual value) and relative grant (consisting of a single up/down bit) messages. At the Physical Layer, HSUPA introduces new channels E-AGCH (Absolute Grant Channel), E-RGCH (Relative Grant Channel), F-DPCH (Fractional-DPCH), E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel), E-
DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel) and E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel). E-DPDCH is used to carry the E-DCH Transport Channel; and E-DPCCH is used to carry the control information associated with the E-DCH.
HSUPA Category
Examples
Category 1
0.73 Mbit/s
Category 2
1.46 Mbit/s
Category 3
1.46 Mbit/s
Category 4
2.93 Mbit/s
Qualcomm 6290
Category 5
2.00 Mbit/s
Nokia: Nokia Asha 311, X3-02, X3-01, N8, C7, C5, C3-01, E52, E72, E55, 6700 Classic, N900, 5630 XpressMusic; BlackBerry: Storm 9500, 9530; HTC: Dream, Passion (Nexus [4] One); Sony Ericsson C510, Sony Ericsson C903, Sony Ericsson W705, Sony Ericsson T715, Samsung Wave, Samsung Wave II
[2]
[3]
Category 6
5.76 Mbit/s
Nokia CS-15, Nokia CS-17, Option GlobeTrotter Express 441/442, Option iCON [5] 505/505M, Samsung i8910, Apple iPhone 4, Huawei E180/E182E/E1820/E5832/EM770W/E392u-12/E392u-21, Micromax A60, ST-Ericsson M5730, Motorola Atrix 4G (enabled by software update), Samsung Galaxy S 4G,Sony Ericsson W995, Apple iPhone 5
2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK only; see 3GPP Rel 9 TS 25.306 table 5.1g
2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK and 16QAM; see 3GPP Rel 9 TS 25.306 table 5.1g
17.25 Mbit/s
2 ms, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM; see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g
22.9 Mbit/s
2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK and 16QAM; see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g
34.5 Mbit/s
2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM; see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g
Broadband DigRF V3 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access High-Speed Orthogonal Packet Access List of Deployed HSUPA networks List of device bandwidths Quad band Triband (telephone) UMTS frequency bands
your mobile device. Otherwise, there isnt as much use for it as compared to HSDPA. Standards for HSUPA are being developed by the 3GPP, a group of telecommunications organizations whose focus is on evolved GSM core network