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hydrocarbons. Calibrated in API degrees (or degrees API), it is used universally to expresses a crude's relative density in an inverse measure lighter the crude, higher the API gravity, and vice versa because lighter the crude higher its market value. Oil with API greater than 30 is termed light; between 22 and 30, medium; below 22, heavy; and below 10, extra heavy. Asphalt on average has an API gravity of 8, Brent Crude of 35.5, and gasoline of 50. Formula: {(141.5 relative density of the crude (at 15.5C or 60F)} - 131.5. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/API-gravity.html#ixzz2Zl8ToKFA
(1)
= volumetric temperature expansion coefficient (m3/m3 oC) t1 = final temperature (oC) t0 = initial temperature (oC) Volumetric Temperature Coefficients -
water : 0.0002 (m3/m3 oC) at 20oC ethyl alcohol : 0.0011 (m3/m3 oC)
(2)
water : 2.15 109 (N/m2) ethyl alcohol : 1.06 109 (N/m2) oil : 1.5 109 (N/m2)
The density of a fluid when changing both temperature and pressure can be expressed with (1) and (2) by substituting 0 in eq. 2 with the expression for 1 in eq. 1. 1 = 1(from eq.1) / (1 - (p1 - p0) / E) = 0 / (1 + (t1 - t0)) / (1 - (p1 - p0) / E) (3)
density of water 0oC: 999.8 (kg/m3) expansion coefficent of water at 10oC: 0.000088 (m3/m3oC) (average value between 0 and 20oC) bulk modulus of water: 2.15 109 (N/m2)
Density of water can be calculated with (3): 1 = 999.8 (kg/m3) / (1 + 0.000088 (m3/m3oC) (20 (oC) - 0 (oC))) / (1 - (100 105 (Pa) - 1 105 (Pa)) / 2.15 109 (N/m2)) = 998.0 / 0.995 = 1002.7 (kg/m3)