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OurDelhiandOurPresent:
TypicalDayintheLifeofourCommonMan
8:30 A.M.
On Way to Office
The strenuous journey to work
9:30 A.M.
1:30 P.M.
7:30 P.M.
Imaginewakingupinanew,highriseapartmentblock,andstrollingto thenearestmetrostation,whichisafiveminutewalkaway.Enroute,youdrop offlaundryatthedrycleaner,whosestreetfacingshopisonthegroundfloorof yourapartmentbuilding.Youngmothersareferryingbabiesinstrollerstothe neighborhoodpublicparkforamorningouting.Vegetablevendorsaresettingup theirproduceforthedayindesignatedspotsonthepavement. Cyclistspassbyinsegregatedcyclelanes.Buses,carsandscootersand motorbikeskeeptothemselvesontheroads,outofreachofpedestrians. Designatedcrossingsallowyoutoaccessthemetrostationandreachthe platformsafely,withoutanyunanticipatedcollisionswithavehicleofanykind.Is thisNewYork,LondonorShanghai?AccordingtoUTTIPEC,thiscouldbeNew Delhi,ifitchoosestoadopttransitorienteddevelopment. . Aparna Piramal Raje, LiveMint
On Way to Office
9:30 A.M.
1:30 P.M.
2:00 P.M.
7:00 P.M.
SOCIAL
Equity of access to amenities, transit, infrastructure. Safety Affordability Civic Pride Heritage Democracy & Transparency
Prosperity Affordability Employment Attracting investment Flourishing entrepreneurship Equity of access Lifestyle Choices
ECONOMIC
Sustainable DELHI
Air Quality Water Quality Water & Energy Supply Climatic Comfort Cleanliness & Hygiene
ENVIRONMENTAL
Social Goal 1:
SAFER DELHI
1) Create safe usable public spaces through design. 2) Bring eyes on street through Hawkers.
Q.
Can a Woman Walk Alone Safely on the Streets of Delhi After 7:00 PM?
Problem
1. Resettlement of weaker sections outside the city to unserved places like Savda Ghevra, Bhalsawa etc. 2. Lack of basic facilities and sense of self-pride in life at inner city slums. 3. Removal of hawkers and vendors (who are eyes on streets).
Solution
1. Inclusinve planning - Integrate all income groups into community planning and design. 2. Provide shared scoail amenties and physical infrastructure within inclusive communities.
3. Provide designated space for hawkers and vendors (who are eyes on streets).
Transformation : Option 01
Q.
Would you feel safer walking on streets with huge setbacks and no people?
Social Goal 2:
Many of Delhis parks are unwatched, underused, inaccessible and unsafe for women & the disabled.
Example below: This beautiful green space/ park at ITO is inaccessible to the thousands of people working daily in this area due to lack of pedestrian crossings to reach the park, lack of safety, accessibility and eyes on the park.
34
Lajpat Nagar
Picture Source: Mitali Ganguly
Only 15% of any Typical Neighbourhood is green/ soft surface which allows Water Infiltration.
37
So building Parking under parks would cause more local flooding and more water logging on roads..
38
Utilize Parks and Open Spaces for Natural Storm Water Management. A Holistic a 3-Tier Approach:
1: Treat at Source
(streets, parks)
2: Natural Conveyance
(minimal piping)
Advantages: - Reduced Flooding - Less pressure and reduced sizing for Municipal Storm Water Treatment Plants. - PREVENT POLLUTING THE YAMUNA!!
Social Goal 3:
HowamIcommuting?
WALKONLY 35%
2W 14%
WalkingandBusarethedominant modesoftransportinDelhi.
BUS 27%
*NMT=NonMotorizedTransport
Data Source: RITES Transport Demand Forecast Study for Dept. of Transport, GNCTD, 2010
WALKONLY 35%
2W 14%
BUS 27%
WALKONLY 35%
2W 14%
BUS 27%
90
95
97
99
99
100
40%; 2-10 km
50%; 0-2 km
>35
80%ofTripsinDelhiarebelow10km. Walking,Cycling&BusaretheDominantTravelmodesinDelhi.
Planning&Designparametersthatleadto PrivateVehicledependency.
How to go from A to B?
A
ImageSource:Googlesatelliteimagery
How to go from A to B?
A
ImageSource:Googlesatelliteimagery
Delhi:Present
ImageSource:internet
Average Off-Peak Hour Speed - 100Km/Hr This causes highly increased fatality for pedestrians and cyclists
ImageSource:Internet
FatalAccidentsin2010
Source: Delhi Traffic Police
15 min Walk
2-minute walk
Image Source: Internet
Context
Context CurrentNormscauseBuildinginterfacewiththefootpath,makingthe
Social Goal 4:
63
Context
No footpaths or Amenities
Aurangzeb Road.
and Govindpuri
CSE team have counted 3 persons per 10 minutes in Aurangzeb Road and 100 person per five minutes in Govindpuri. TOD planning norms address real needs of real people.
Source: CSE
All Public spaces should be available & usable to all income groups
All Public spaces should be available & usable to all income groups
Social Goal 5:
INCLUSIVE
70
WheredoIlive?
22%
55%
4.5%
1. Source: Consumer Pyramids, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy P Ltd. 2. Monthly budget for Housing is equal to 30% of income, the global standard for affordability of housing. (Developing Affordable Housing, by Ben Hecht. 3. Housing budget is based on most common lending scenario for micro-mortgage: 12% API on 15-year loan and assumes a family spends 30% of income on housing. microHomeSolutions
22%
55%
4.5%
1. Source: Consumer Pyramids, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy P Ltd. 2. Monthly budget for Housing is equal to 30% of income, the global standard for affordability of housing. (Developing Affordable Housing, by Ben Hecht. 3. Housing budget is based on most common lending scenario for micro-mortgage: 12% API on 15-year loan and assumes a family spends 30% of income on housing. microHomeSolutions
Context
Does your peon or driver travel for an hour every day to get to work?
Context
Context
WheredoIgotoWork?
Context
Context
Integrated Society
Remove slums, NOT slum dwellers! Get Development (other than flyovers) back to Delhi. Integrate rich and poor symbiotically, with shared amenities, near Transit. Integrate major employment centres along Transit Nodes (not highway arterials) as part of mixed-use communities. We need to Prepare for 55% Urbanization by 2050.
Principles:
1. Amenities and Housing for Low-income people MUST be accommodated: NEAR Transit Facilities and Amenities. NEAR mid to high income groups. Low-income groups can: work in local offices, provide household help for richer homes also commute to other jobs easily. work in community gardens producing local food, etc.
Low income housing (Size < 250 families) High/ Middle income housing Commercial Offices/ Light Industrial Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses Public Parks
2.
STOP Banishing the Poor; Integrate them into mixed-income communities Give Equal access to Transit + Amenities to Rich & Poor
New development
Option 1: - Mandatory Reservation for % of low-income housing in private developments near public transit. According to the Delhi Masterplan, all private developments are to provide and maintain 15% of the total FSI for low-income groups. Other states are likely to adopt this mandate under the JNURM guidelines. This would be a mandatory requirement for projects to obtain planning approvals.
Option 2: - FSI-density bonuses for market-rate developments to pay for, or construct nearby lowincome communities. - Density bonuses for providing and maintaining shared public parks, facilities and social infrastructure.
Low income housing (Size < 250 families) High/ Middle income housing Commercial Offices/ Light Industrial Schools/ Libraries/ Civic uses Public Parks
Option 3: - Government built low income housing within 800 M walking distance from a rapid transit stations, limiting the size of each community to a maximum of 250 families.
Inclusive mixed-income Communities with Shared Amenities creates intra-social tolerance, instills Civic Pride and reduces Crime in the long run.
GoalsandBenefitsofTODinDelhi
GiveEveryoneaHome.
Source: The Economic Times Delhi;Date: Sep 4, 2012;Section: Corporate; Page: 7; http://bit.ly/YC1xJU
HousingforAll VarietyinHousingOptions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Town houses Pent houses Apartments Studio Apartments Dormitories Hostels Night Shelters
GOALSANDBENEFITSOFTODTODELHI
MarketParticipatesinBetterCity Utilizeprivatesector investmentnearMRTSnodestofundpublictransport improvementsandcrosssubsidizesocialamenities
SERVICE CORE
RESIDENTIAL
PARKING
SO WHAT IS
TOD?
Transit Node
Maximum people Live, Work & Play within 10-min walk of RAPID TRANSIT Stations
DEFINITION Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is essentially any development, macro or micro, that is focused around a transit node, and facilitates complete ease of access to the transit facility, thereby inducing people to prefer to walk and use public transportation over personal modes of transport.
Anewurbanplanningideal
Inclusive,egalitarianand environmentallysustainable. Ordinarypedestriansare placedatitscentre,rather thanbuildings,flyoversor cars,abigshiftfrom prevailingpractice.
Anewurbanplanningideal
Graphics by: In-house team, UTTIPEC, DDA
SchematicrepresentationofcurrentMPDnormsimplementedinUrbanExtension
TOD policy works with the current holding capacity of MPD, 2021
SchematicrepresentationofproposedTODnormsimplementedinUrbanExtension
TOD policy works with the current holding capacity of MPD, 2021
2.1:
99
2.1.
STREETSASPERStreetDesignGuidelinesUTTIPEC
Contents
StreethierarchyofDelhi Minimumwalkingzone Universalaccessibility MultiFunctionalZone BicycleandNMTInfrastructure Crossings Medians,RefugeIslands StreetLighting UrbanUtilities PublicAmenities TrafficCalmingMeasure PublicArt,StreetFurnitureandEducative Signage
http://uttipec.nic.in/ StreetGuidelinesR1Feb2011UTTPECDDA.pdf
2.2:
NormsforConnectivity
102
Station
Interconnected Street Network Small walkable blocks; Pedestrian cut-throughs every ~50-100 M. Mix of uses to provide people of varied social groups with options to live, work and play within easy access to public transport and daily necessities.
Graphic s Source: www.calthorpe.com
Example:Dwarka ExistingStreetGrid
Example:Dwarka ProposedRetrofittedStreetGrid
Connectivity Norms
Create dense networks of streets and paths for all modes.
Incomplete Road Network Complete Vehicular Road Network @ 250m c/c Complete Pedestrian Network @ 50-150m c/c
2.3:
107
108
2.4:
NormsforInducingModalShift
110
TOD:
Encourages Walkability and Mixed Use eg: Dadar Station, Mumbai
TAD:
Separates the Community from the Station. Is Auto-oriented development e.g. Janakpuri West Station, Delhi Transit Adjacent Development
2.5:
113
Placemaking anditsBenefits
Some of the biggest gains of TOD are the most intangible: The concept of Placemaking, or designing urban neighbourhoods in such a way that local communities can be formed. Mixeduse, mixedincome developments, where residential, commercial, civic or institutional establishments are located close to each other allow local communities to be formed, with sufficient shared spaces for leisure and recreation. Aparna Parimal Raje onDDAsTODPolicy,LiveMint
A shaded plaza in an office dominated complex. Greenway passages along daily routes of people
Sidewalks, Bio-swales
Building Entries/ windows on Sidewalk (eyes on the street provides safety for pedestrians)
Smaller blocks, interconnected streets create shorter travel routes for pedestrians.
Streets for Trains, Buses, cars and Pedestrians. Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort.
Pedestrians dominate the street frontage of buildings, parking & cars access from back
2.6:
Norms for
High Density Mixed-Income Development
131
TODInfluenceZonesatStationlevel
Exampleshowingplottingoftheactual300m,800mand2000mcatchmentsofa MetroStation
Minimum Permissible Density (with 10% variation) Residential dominated project (Residential FAR 50%) Predominantly non-residential (Residential FAR 30%)
Under-utilization of FAR (not permitted Under-utilization of FAR (not permitted for for redevelopment projects) redevelopment projects) 200- 400 du/ha 400 - 600 du/ha 600 - 800 du/ha 100 - 200 du/ha 250 - 400 du/ha 400 - 600 du/ha
NMT Zone area= 65512.95 Ha ( 44.1 % of Delhi*) TOD Standard Zone = 27369.22 Ha (18.45 % of Delhi* ) Intense TOD = 10279.96 Ha (6.9% of Delhi*) * Area of Delhi = 148300.0 Ha (as per MPD)
40%
30%
15% 5% 10%
Station Area
2.6.1.Water
Rainwater
Rainwater harvesting is mandatory, irrespective of project size. On-site and off-site (roads/public spaces) rainwater must be harvested for reuse or ground water recharge, only after primary treatment.
Pervious Paving
Ecoroof
MCD
MCD
SELF GENERATED SELF GENERATED
Rainfall
Potable Use Potable Tank Internal taps Showers & baths Washing NonPotable Tank
Sludge disposal
DJB main
2.6.2 Energy
Microclimate of public streets: Narrow streets provide shading and air movement and therefore greater comfort for pedestrians. Spacing between buildings should be enough to allow daylight access to all homes.
Maximize Cross Ventilation for Units by appropriate design of unit plans (provide windows and openings appropriately)
Maximize Cross Ventilation for Units by appropriate design of unit plans (provide windows and openings appropriately)
Office building
Max 16 m
BRT
Interchange
7 min walk
Rail/ Metro
Not TOD !
Not TOD !
Not TOD !
WeAcknowledge
ENVIRONMENT
1. Dept.OfEnvironment,GNCTD. 2. EnvironmentPollutionControl Authority(EPCA) 3. NationalEnvironmental EngineeringResearch Institute(NEERI) 4. CentreforScienceand Environment(CSE) 5. OASISLandscapeArchitectDesigns Incorporated 6. InstituteofUrbanDesignersof SOCIOLOGY India(IUDI) 1. Samarthyam 7. NIIPC 2. Jagori 3. Itrans 4. NationalAllianceforPeoples Movement(NAPM) 5. SEWA
GOVERNANCE
1. MinistryofUrban development,GOI 2. DUSIB,GNCTD 3. DelhiPolice 4. DelhiTrafficPolice
INFRASTRUCTURE
2. 3.
1. DelhiMetroRailCorporation(DMRC) DelhiJal Board(DJB) DelhiIntegratedMultiModalTransitSystem (DIMTS) 4. RITES Ltd. 5. NorthDelhiMunicipalCorporations(NDMC) 6. EastDelhiMunicipalCorporation(EDMC) 7. NationalEnvironmentalEngineering ResearchInstitute(NEERI) 8. PWD,Delhi 9. TransportDepartment,GNCTD 10. DelhiDevelopmentAuthority(DDA) 11. SGAArchitects 12. IndianInstituteofTechnology,IIT 13. SchoolofPlanning&Architecture
ECONOMICS
1. DMRCEmpanelledConsultants 2. MicroHomesSolutions(mHS)