README.DOC 4/24/89 FSP Revision 1.1 README.DOC file. FSP Revision 1.

1 is an update to the limited release revision 1.0. Many enhancements and changes have been made to improve the program and correct all known problems. This file is a supplement to the user manaul and HELP screens. Topics contained in this file: 1. Fisher Liquid (Viscous Correction) 2. ISA Gas (Compressibility Factor) 3. ISA Liquid (Viscous Corrections) 4. ISA Liquid (Cavitation Warning) 5. Vaporizing Viscous Fluids 6. FLUID.DAT File 7. Stroking Pressure Span 8. Revision 1.0 Calculation Files 9. Exploding Windows 10. Screen Colors 11. Stroking Time Calculations for Pneumatic Actuators

VALVE SIZING -----------1. Fisher Liquid (Viscous Correction) The viscous correction applied to the calculated Cv is based on single-ported valve construction. If a multi-port construction valve is used (e.g., double-ported "A" body, butterfly valve, etc.), a different correction should be applied. This correction may be effected by adjusting the viscosity value supplied to the program per the following expression: (viscosity input) = (actual viscosity) x sqrt(N) where N is the number of ports (usually 2). This adjustment is not required for ISA Liquid sizing since Fd is supplied to the program. Also, the correction for viscosity is applied to a reference Cv determined from the given service conditions. This value is calculated in the conventional manner and will be based on the smaller of the actual pressure differential or the allowable pressure differential. If the applied pressure differential is larger than the allowable pressure differential, fluid vaporization may be occurring. See note on vaporizing viscous liquids (#5). 2. ISA Gas (Compressibility Factor) The compressibility factor, Z, may be either input to the program or calculated internally. This calculation is based on generalized fluid behavior and the reduced pressure and temperature for the application. Calculated values will result regardless of the pressure and temperature input to the program. The program DOES NOT ensure that these correspond to the gas state or are otherwise

meaningful to the application. The user should verify that resulting values are indeed meaningful. The hig hest degree of accuracy is achieved by supplying the actual Z values associated with the process fluid at the given service conditions. 3. ISA Liquid (Viscous Corrections) When both the viscous correction factor (Fr) and the piping geometry correction factor (Fp) options are activated, only the viscous correction factor is actually implemented. The effect of adjacent pipe fittings on viscous corrections is unknown. This practice is consistent with ISA S75.01-1985. Note that other liquid sizing standards may permit the simultaneous application of both Fp and Fr. The viscous correction factor is applied only to the valve coefficient as determined from the actual pressure differential. The program will compare this adjusted coefficient to that calculated with the choked pressure differential. The larger of these two is displayed as the required Cv. This check is performed to ensure that adequate capacity is specified in the event that the viscosity is very low (or flow rates are large), and the actual pressure differential is comparatively large. 4. ISA Liquid (Cavitation Warning) No recommended ISA practice for evaluating the level of cavitation in control valves is currently offered at the time of this release. However, the program does issue a warning that cavitation exists if the flow rate is choked and P2 > Pv. THIS IS NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE CHECK. Unacceptable levels of cavitation may exist at other conditions and not be indicated. This is different than the cavitation checks performed under the Fisher Liquid sizing routines, where a valve parameter, Kc, is used expressly for making this evaluation. 5. Vaporizing Viscous Fluids Vapor formation in a highly viscous fluid may significantly reduce the effective viscosity of the vapor/liquid mixture from that of the liquid alone. This effect is not accounted for by the program. If vaporization is indicated (choked flow, cavitation or flashing) the flow regime may be turbulent but not necessarily reflected in the calculated Reynolds Number. Such applications should be verified manually. 6. FLUID.DAT File The values of fluid properties contained in the fluids library were culled from a number of different sources and should be considered representative values. Properties for a specific fluid may vary from those provided, and should be verified by the user as to the suitability for a particular application. The FLUID.DAT file can be edited in order to add new fluids, delete existing fluids, or change property values. Please see the

appendix in the user manual for more information.

ROTARY ACTUATOR SIZING ---------------------7. Stroking Pressure Span To ensure that the actuator will be stiff enough to maintain adequate stability and control, the bench set span should be at least one third of the casing pressure span. The program calculates the bench set span internally. When the bench set span is less than one third of the casing pressure span, the following warning is given: WARNING: SPRING STROKING PRESSURE SPAN IS LESS THAN RECOMMENDED. MISCELLANEOUS ------------8. Revision 1.0 Calculation Files You can load calculation files created by revision 1.0, but you should recalculate all results. If you load a revision 1.0 calculation file, a message will appear on the screen reminding you that all results should be recalculated. To recalculate, enter every completed calculation and press [F2]. 9. Exploding Windows Many of the pop-up window displays are drawn by exploding them onto the screen. Exploding, in this sense, means the window display grows from a small box to a large one. The exploding window effect can be toggled on and off anytime by pressing [CTRL][F2] from the main menu. No indication is given that the effect is on or off. 10. Screen Colors Some programs or System commands may leave a color display adapter in a black and white mode. If you have a color video adapter with a color monitor and the program shows only black and white, then this may be the problem. It can usually be corrected by entering the DOS command: MODE CO80 at the DOS prompt before running FSP. If this doesn't work, re-boot your machine and run FSP again.

11. Stroking Time Calculations for Pneumatic Actuators The stroking time equations assume isothermal flow into and out of

the actuator. The equations predict the time required to add or remove the weight of air necessary to change the air pressure and thus stroke the actuator and valve. All of the inputs to the equations are actuator related because the valve requirements have been satisfied at this point by the basic actuator sizing. This sizing routine calculates the pre- and post-stroke times during which the actuator is filling or exhausting but is stationary, and the actual moving times. In solving for any stroking times the following pressures must be given or calculated: - supply pressure - initial actuator stroking pressure - final actuator stroking pressure The equations used are generally accurate to within +/- 25% of the actual value. However for stroking time requirements of 1.0 sec or less the error has been observed to be as much as 50% of actual. Choosing the proper accessories to obtain a required stroking time is challenging. There are many variations possible in designing a system to obtain the air flows required. For this reason please contact your Fisher representative or sales office for assistance.

CAUTION Where stroking times are critical they should be verified by test.

Terminology Air Cv Fill - The capacity of the devices supplying air to to the acutator casing or cylinder (e.g. positioner, controller, switch, I/P, etc.) Air Cv Exhaust - The capacity of the devices through which the air in the actuator exhausts Area at top, midpoint, & bottom - The diaphragm area sometimes changes with travel. In these cases the area at the top, middle, and bottom of the stroke may be entered. If the three areas are not known, or the area remains constant throughout the stroke enter one area in any of the three fields and the program will use that input for all three fields. Ab - Diaphragm area at the bottom of the stroke Ad - effective area of diaphragm, sq. in. (for rotary actuators use the area at the position torque is being calculated) As - Area of stem, sq. in. At - Diaphragm area at zero degrees, top of stroke

Au - Valve unbalance area, sq. in. Be - Bench set end point Bs - Bench set start point dP - shutoff pressure drop, psi F - Friction - due to packing & piston rings, lbf IC - Initial spring compression, lbf K - Spring rate M - Effective moment arm at the position torque is being calculated P1 flow - P1 flowing - inlet pressure to the valve, psig P2 flow - P2 flowing - outlet pressure of the valve, psig P2 - P2 at shutoff (downstream pressure), psig Pb - The casing pressure required to overcome the breakout torque, Tb Pi Fill - Initial filling stroking pressure - The pressure in the casing or cylinder which overcomes the initial spring compression and friction to initiate actuator stroking. Pf Fill - Final filling stroking pressure - The pressure in the casing or cylinder as the actuator arrives at the end of the stroke Pi Exhaust - Initial exhausting stroking pressure - The pressure in the casing or cylinder with the actuator at full travel, at which point a decrease in pressure causes the actuator to begin stroking due to the spring Pf Exhaust - Final exhausting stroking pressure - The pressure in the casing or cylinder as the acutator arrives at the zero travel point Spring Rate - The spring rate of the actuator spring T - Travel compression force - (valve travel)(spring rate), lbf Tb - The breakout torque - calculated by the program if the actuator sizing was done in Rotary Actuator Sizing section or by using procedures in Catalog 14. It is the torque required to move the valve closure element (ball, disk, plug) into or out of the seal / seat. Vo - Clearance volume - The casing or cylinder volume at zero travel Vm - Clearance volume plus maximum dispacement volume - The total volume of air needed to fill the acutator casing or cylinder at the end of its stroke

11.1 Spring and Diaphragm Use these equations to calculate the Pi and Pf values needed as inputs to this calculation. Sliding Stem Pressure Tends To Open (PTTO) Type 657 & 472 (P2 flow)(As) + IC + F Pi Fill = ---------------------Ad (P1)(Au) - (P2)(Au - As) + IC + T + F Pf Fill = ------------------------------------Ad (P2 flow)(As) + IC - F Pf Exhaust = ---------------------Ad (P1)(Au) - (P2)(Au - As) + IC + T - F Pi Exhaust = ------------------------------------Ad

Type 667 & 473 IC - (P1)(Au) + (P2)(Au - As) + F Pi Fill = --------------------------------Ad IC + T - (P2 flow)(As) + F Pf Fill = -------------------------Ad IC -(P1)(Au) + (P2)(Au - As) - F Pf Exhaust = -------------------------------Ad IC + T - (P2 flow)(As) - F Pi Exhaust = -------------------------Ad Sliding Stem Pressure Tends To Close (PTTC)

Type 657 & 472 (P1 flow)(As) + IC + F Pi Fill = ---------------------Ad

IC + T + (P1 flow)(As) - (dP)(Au) + F Pf Fill = ------------------------------------Ad (P1 flow)(As) + IC - F Pf Exhaust = ---------------------Ad IC + T + (P1)(As) - (dP)(Au) - F Pi Exhaust = -------------------------------Ad Type 667 & 473 IC + (dP)(Au) - (P1 flow)(As) + F Pi Fill = --------------------------------Ad IC + T - (P1 flow)(As) + F Pf Fill = -------------------------Ad IC + (dP)(Au) - (P1 flow)(As) - F Pf Exhaust = --------------------------------Ad IC + T - (P1 flow)(As) - F Pi Exhaust = -------------------------Ad

Rotary Shaft Actuators Push down to open For rotary actuators first calculate the Bs, Be, and Pb values dependent on the actuator type (1051 or 1052), and then calculate the Pi and Pf values dependent on actuator action. Type 1051 (IC) Bs = ---At (IC) + (T)(K) Be = ------------Ab Tb Pb = ------(M)(Ad) Because the 1051 actuator has a non-adjustable spring the Bs and Be (Bench start and end points) are fixed for a given actuator size and spring. The following table lists the appropriate values.

Bench stroke values for 1051 actuator with 90 degree rotation Size Spring/Spring Seat Start, psi End, psi -------------------------------------------------| | 1F1316 | 1.9 | 8.2 | | 30 | 1K5098 | 2.6 | 11.2 | | | 1N7515 | 3.6 | 15.6 | |-----+------------------+-----------+-----------| | | 10B1522 | 2.3 | 8.3 | | 33 | 10B1523 | 3.2 | 11.6 | | | 10B1524 | 4.2 | 15.2 | |-----+------------------+-----------+-----------| | | 1L2174 | 2.6 | 10.9 | | 40 | 1P6371 | 3.7 | 15.4 | | | 1L2173 | 4.9 | 23.5 | |-----+------------------+-----------+-----------| | | 1K1627 | 3.6 | 12.1 | | | 1N9373/12A9448 | 1.9 | 12.9 | | 60 | 1N9373/12A9449 | 3.5 | 15.0 | | | 1K1628/12A9448 | 2.9 | 19.7 | | | 1K1628/12A9449 | 5.3 | 22.3 | |------------------------------------------------| Type 1052 (IC) Bs = ---At (At)(Bs) + (K)(T) Be = ----------------Ab Tb Pb = ------(M)(Ad)

Push Down To Open Valve - PDTO Pi Fill = Bs + Pb Pf Fill = Be Pi Exhaust = Be Pf Exhaust = Bs - Pb

Push Down To Close Valve - PDTC Pi Fill = Bs Pf Fill = Be + Pb

Pi Exhaust = Be - Pb Pf Exhaust = Bs

11.2 Spring Return Piston The equations for the spring return piston actuators are the same as for a spring and diaphragm actuator and are included in section 11.1. The type 472 is a fail up spring return design and the type 473 is a fail down spring return design. 11.3 Piston This routine may be used to calculate the stroking time in either the up or down direction. The piston actuator stroking time is limited by the smallest of the supply or exhaust capacities (Cv), for this reason always use the smallest capacity (Cv of the supplying instrument or Cv of the exhausting instrument on the opposite side of the piston) in the stroking time calculations. The inputs are simplified as only the supply pressure available to the actuator is required. Please note that the suppply pressure available to the actuator may not be the same as the supply pressure to the instrument / positioner / accessory. For example the Fisher type 3570 positioner provides 90% of the total supply pressure to the actuator. If special accessories are used with a piston actuator to decrease the stroking times the effective capacity supplying one end of the cylinder should be greater than the capacity exhausting the other end of the cylinder, in this manner actuator stiffness will be maintained. 11.4 Combine Cv When two accessories are used in series to provide the filling or exhausting air flow their individual capacities need to be combined into one effective capacity. The program offers this Combine Cv calculation to accomplish that. The equation used is: / 2 2 \ 1/2 | (Cv1) (Cv2) | Cv (total) = | --------------- | | 2 2 | | (Cv1) + (Cv2) | \ / A common example is a positioner in series with a trip valve. Care must be exercised in determing the flow path into and out of the actuator so as not to combine different capacities, for example when a volume booster is used do not combine it's capacity with that of the instrument supplying the signal to the booster. However, it would be appropriate to combine the capacity of the booster with the capacity of the regulator supplying the booster if one is used. Likewise do not combine the capacities of an I/P

transducer connected to a positioner. Some actuators may require optional casing or cylinder connections to take full advavntage of a volume booster's capacity. If a control device, such as a volume booster, is mounted using reducing fittings the rated capacity of that device will not be achieved. The effective capacity for that single device can be estimated by reducing it's rated Cv by one-third (1/3) for each standard pipe size reduction. For example: 3/8" down to 1/4" effective Cv = 0.67 of published Cv

For a 1/4" NPT x 3/8" tubing fitting: Cv = 0.8 Caution When optional larger actuator casing supply connections are used to accomodate boosters or other devices the opposite casing must have an adequate vent to allow proper stroking. The capacity of the vent should always be larger than the capacity of the supply device(s). The following table may be used to select the proper vent hole size. |----------------------------| | Vent Dia. | Approx. Cv | | (in.) | | |-------------|--------------| | 3/32 | .20 | | 1/8 | .30 | | 9/64 | .36 | | 3/16 | .53 | | 1/4 | .70 | | 5/16 | 1.70 | | 3/8 | 2.0 | | 1/2 | 3.5 | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | Vent Dia. | Approx. Cv | | (in.) | | |--------------|--------------| | 5/8 | 4.5 | | 11/16 | 5.0 | | 3/4 | 7.5 | | 1 | 13.0 | | 1 1/4 | 17.0 | | 1 1/2 | 25.0 | | 2 | 48.0 | | 2 1/2 | 60 | |-----------------------------|

For type 667: size 30-70, & 87 the Y602-11 vent has Cv = 0.85 size 80 & 100 the Y602-10 vent has Cv = 4.7 For type 657 the exhaust air from the bottom casing vents through the area between the actuator rod and the spring adjuster. Contact your Fisher Representative or sales office for assistance with this selection. Caution Positioners & Volume Boosters If a volume booster of quick release valve is installed between a postioner and actuator, a bypass around the booster or quick release is required to prevent actuator cycling. The Fisher type 2625 booster has an internal bypass, but boosters from other manufacturers and quick release valves usually do not have an internal bypass, with these as external bypass (typically a 1/4" needle valve) must be installed. The bypass piping is not required for an on - off application. Caution

Trip Valves (377) & Solenoids & Positioners To avoid an unwanted trip of the 377, if a solenoid valve is located in the supply line to the positioner it must have a capacity greater than the capacity of the positioner. If a solenoid valve is connected to vent the supply port of the 377 only, then capcity is not a concern. --- Table of typical Cv values -|---------|--------|---------| |----------|--------|---------| | Type | Supply | Exhaust | | Type | Supply | Exhaust | | | Cv | Cv | | | Cv | Cv | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | 546 * | 0.39 | 0.36 | | 3582 | 0.14 | 0.24 | | | | | | w/67AFR | | | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | 646 | 0.34 | 0.34 | | 3610 | 0.37 | 0.30 | | | | | | series | | | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | 2601A | 0.16 | 0.14 | | 4150/60 | 0.16 | 0.14 | | | | | | w/ 1/4" | | | | | | | | tubing | | | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | 3570 | 0.25 | 0.25 | | 4150/60 | 0.21 | 0.20 | | | | | | w/ 3/8" | | | | | | | | tubing | | | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | 3582 | 0.17 | 0.24 | | 4190 | 0.15 | 0.15 | | | | | | series | | | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| | 3610 w/ | 0.22 | 0.30 | | 67AFR | 0.28 | | | 67AFR | | | |-----------------------------| | | | | | 67R | 0.91 | | |----------------------------| |-----------------------------| * supply capacity will decrease (and thus supply time will increase) if the signal change is less than 25%

377 Trip Valve /------------------------------------\ | Flow Path | Capacity, Cv | |-------------------|----------------| | Port A to Port B | 0.47 | | Port B to Port C | 0.56 | | Port D to Port E | 0.48 | | Port E to Port F | 0.64 | \------------------------------------/

Note: Many actuators require special casing or cylinder connections to /---------------------\ take full advantage of the booster | Port Size | capacity. | Combinations | |---------------------------------------------\

2625 Volume Booster

| Supply | Exhaust | Supply | Exhaust | | Port | Port | Cv | Cv | |---------------------------------------------| | | 3/32 | 3.74 | 0.23 | | 3/8" | 3/8 | 3.74 | 2.29 | | | 1/2 | 3.74 | 2.52 | |---------------------------------------------| | | 3/32" | 5.32 | 0.24 | | 1/2" | 3/8" | 5.32 | 2.30 | | | 1/2" | 5.32 | 2.53 | \---------------------------------------------/

Three Way Switching Valve |--------------------------------------------------| | | Capacity, Cv | | Type |------------------|----------------| | | Port A to B | Port A to C | |--------------|------------------|----------------| | 122A | 4.9 | 4.0 | |--------------|------------------|----------------| | 164A | 0.43 | 0.76 | |--------------|------------------|----------------| | 167A | 0.33 | 0.38 | |--------------|------------------|----------------| | 168/168H | 0.20 | 0.20 | |--------------------------------------------------|