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Microprocessor History

17 July 2013

Microprocessor History
Evolution of Intel Microprocessors Scaling from 4004 to i7

4004
First 4-bit microprocessor by Intel (1971) (Intel Corporation USA) Characteristics 2300 transistors 400 800 kHz 4-bit word size 4K memory. (12 Address Lines) 45 instructions 16-pin DIP (Dual In Line) package Application Video games For Busicom calculator Small microprocessor based controllers
Slide 1 Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design Slide 2

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

8008
1st 8-bit Microprocessor (1972) Dumb terminals Characteristics 3500 transistors 500 800 kHz 8-bit word size 18-pin DIP package 16K memory (14 Address Lines) 48 Instructions.

8080
1st modern 8-bit Microprocessor (1974) Ten times faster than 8008. Characteristics TTL compatible. 4500 transistors 2 MHz 8-bit word size 40-pin DIP package Execution Time 2 s. Other Microprocessors. M6800 Zilogs Z80 Fairchilds F-8
Slide 3 Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design Slide 4

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Prepared by AJIT SARAF

1. Microprocessor History

17 July 2013

8085
8-bit Microprocessor (1977) Characteristics TTL compatible. 6200 Transistors 3-5 MHz 8-bit word size 40-pin DIP package 64K Memory (16 Address Lines) 72 Instructions. Execution Time 1.3 s. Advantages Built in clock generator & system controller.
Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design Slide 5

8086 / 8088
16-bit processor (1978) IBM PC and PC XT Characteristics 29k transistors 5-10 MHz 16-bit word size 1MB Memory (20 Address Lines) 75 Instructions 40-pin DIP package Execution Time - 400 ns 2.5 MIPS
Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design Slide 6

80186
16-bit processor (1978) Highly integrated version of 8086 Used in many control system application.

80286
Virtual memory (1982) IBM PC AT Last popular 16-bit microprocessor by Intel Characteristics 134k transistors 16-bit word size 16 MHz 16MB Memory 68-pin PGA (Pin Grid Array) 8 MIPS
Slide 7 Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design Slide 8

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Prepared by AJIT SARAF

1. Microprocessor History

17 July 2013

80386
1st 32-bit processor (1985) Modern x86 ISA Characteristics 275k transistors 16-33 MHz 32-bit word size 4GB Memory 100-pin PGA

80486
Pipelining (1989) Floating point unit 256 KB cache Characteristics 1.2M transistors 25-100 MHz 32-bit word size 4GB Memory 168-pin PGA Improver version of 80386 having arithmetic coprocessor in-built. Cache, Integer datapath, FPU
Slide 9 Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design Slide 10

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Pentium-I
Superscalar (1993) 2 instructions per cycle Separate 8KB IM & DM Characteristics 3.2M transistors 100-233 MHz 32-bit word size 296-pin PGA Advanced memory management. Caches, datapath, FPU

Pentium Pro / II / III


Dynamic execution (1995-98-99) 3 micro-ops / cycle 16-32 KB IM & DM Multimedia instructions PIII adds 256+ KB L2$ Pentium Pro for server. Characteristics 5.5M-28M transistors 166-1000 MHz 32-bit word size

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Slide 11

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Slide 12

Prepared by AJIT SARAF

1. Microprocessor History

17 July 2013

Celeron & Pentium II Xeon


1998

Pentium 4
Deep pipeline (2000) Very fast clock 256-1024 KB L2$ Characteristics 42-125M transistors 1.4-3.4 GHz 32-bit word size 42 MIPS. 478-pin PGA

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Slide 13

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Slide 14

Next
Processor Intel Itanium Intel Centrino & Intel Core Quad-Core & Core 2 Duo Core2 Quad Intel Atom (Mobile) 2nd generation Intel core processors, IVY Bridge (i3,i5,i7) 3rd generation intel core processors, Sandy Bridge (i3,i5,i7)
Case Study: Intel Processors CMOS VLSI Design

Summary
Year 2001 2003 2006 2007 2008 2011

104 increase in transistor count, clock frequency over 30 years!

2012

Slide 15

Case Study: Intel Processors

CMOS VLSI Design

Slide 16

Prepared by AJIT SARAF

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