Far Eastern University Nicanor Reyes St.

Sampaloc Manila

The Revolution and Jose Rizal (1896-1898)

Submitted By: Reyes, Ma. Theresa Rosas, Ma. Elida

Submitted To: Professor Elizabeth P. Pacquing

I. The Roots of the Revolution

A. The execution of three Filipino priests The Gomburza were executed by garrote in February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan in Manila. The execution furious many Filipinos and years later, an ilustrado by the name of Jose Rizal acknowledge this as the one event that changed his life. B. The launching of the Suez Canal in 1869 The archipelago was opened to foreign trade during the mid-19th century, Along with the import of goods came an inflow of western thought, such as the pursuit of liberty and independence. These thoughts caused the rise of enlightenment among the Ilustrado class in the society. C. Propaganda Movement Among the Propaganda Movement members were Jose Rizal, Lopez-Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and the Luna brothers, Juan and Antonio. They published a magazine newspaper in Spanish called La Solidaridad. Its aim was to expose corruption and murders in the Philippine colony. Through the La Solidaridad, The Illustrados not only voiced out their outrage to their readers in Spain, but carried their protests to their countrymen which gave rise to greater rebellion. D. La Liga Filipina The progressive organization continued Rizal's aim of implementing reforms inside the colony. The alliance subsequently splintered into two factions with differing agenda. The moderate wing reorganized itself as Cuerpo de Compromisarios with the purpose of providing funds for La Solidaridad. The radical wing, led by a warehouse clerk named Andres Bonifacio, became the Katipunan whose goal was complete independence from Spain through all means, including a bloody confrontation.

II. The start of Revolution A. The Katipunan On the night of July 7, 1892, members of the defunct Liga, Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz, and Deodato Arellano, joined Bonifacio to found katipunan and Bonifacio was hailed as the Supremo (supreme leader). The ultimate purpose was liberation and the overthrow of the Spanish administration. Triangle system It was the original plan of Bonifacio to increase the membership of the Katipunan by means of sistemang patatsulok or triangle system. He formed his first triangle with his two comrades,Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted Katipunan thoughts into another two new converts. The Kartilla The Kartilya ng Katipunan or Primer of the Katipunan served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of the Kartilya was written by Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto will later pen a revised Decalogue.

A life that is not dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree without a shade or a poisonous weed. A deed lacks nobility if it is motivated by self-interest and not by a sincere desire to help.

Analysis: Living life without any worthy cause is meaningless, it is much better to devote yourself or even life for something that youre going to be proud of someday, it is much better. When youre going to do something, it must come from the heart or it must be true to you Because It doesn't matter how many times you help others, because if you did with an insincere heart it can't be called a virtue.

Andres Bonifacio The great Plebeian is the founder the Katipunan, a secret organization aimed to overthrow Spanish sovereignty in the Philippines. Its full name was Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng Mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Respected Association of the Sons of the Country), and was known by its intitials K.K.K. He is a filipino nationalist and revolutionary, he is often called as "the father of the phil. revolution" he was a founder and later supremo (supreme leader) of katipunan movement whuch sought the independence of the phil. from spanish colonial rule and started the phil revolution. he was also consider as a de facto national hero of the phil. and also consider by some filipino historians to be the first president, but he is not officially recognized as such . Emilio Jacinto Brains of the Katipunan. Born in Trozo, Manila, on December 15, 1875. He joined the Katipunan in 1894 and became Bonifacio's trusted friend and adviser. He wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan, the primer of the Katipunan which embodied the teachings of the organization. He founded and edited the Katipunan newspaper, Kalayaan, whose first issue came out in January 1896. He died on April 16, 1899. Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo was born on 23 March 1869. He became the Philippines' first president. In 1894, Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan., His local chapter of the Katipunan was Magdalo, headed by his cousin Baldomero Aguinaldo. The province of Cavite gradually emerged as the Revolution's hotbed, and the Aguinaldoled katipuneros had a string of victories there.

B. Jose Rizal and the Katipunan Jose Rizal never became involved in the organization and activities of the Katipunan; but the Katipuneros still looked up to him as a leader. In fact, Rizals name was used as a password among the societys highest-ranking members, who were called bayani. Andres Bonifacio had already known Rizal during his La Liga Filipina days, although Rizal did not know Bonifacio personally Nevertheless, Bonifacio so respected Rizals intelligence and talent that in June 1896, he sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to seek Rizals advice on the planned revolution. Rizals Advices: He suggested that the Katipunan obtain the support of wealthy and influential Filipinos first, in order to gain financial assistance. He also recommended Antonio Luna as commander of its armed forces, since Luna had much knowledge and expertise in military tactics.

C. The Cry of Pugadlawin in Balintawak The existence of the Katipunan eventually became known to the authorities through a member Teodoro Patio. He revealed it to a Spanish priest Mariano Gil. The news immediately reached the top leadership of the organization. Panicstricken, they immediately called a meeting of the remaining members, first in Kangkong and then in Pugadlawin in Balintawak. The first meeting yielded nothing. On the second meeting, Bonifacio, tore up his cedula (residence certificate) and cried Mabuhay ang Katagalugan! (Long live Katagalugan!). It was a cry to arms and was echoed by the majority of the men in attendance and the Revolution had begun. D. Katipunan Victories in Cavite The province of Cavite had a string of victories starting with the Battle of Imus in September 1, 1896 under the leadership of young General Emilio Aguinaldo. Meanwhile, Bonifacio had a succession of defeats. It was not long before the issue of leadership was debated. The Magdiwang faction led by Bonifacio's uncle Mariano Alvarez, recognized Bonifacio as supreme leader. The Magdalo faction led by Emilio's cousin Baldomero Aguinaldo, agitated for "Heneral Miong" (Emilio's nickname) to be the organization's head because of his successes in the battlefield. The friction between the two factions intensified when they refused to cooperate and aid each other in battle. As a result, the Spanish forces, now under the command of Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja, steadily gained ground.