1.

Introduction

Describe the scope of this testing. As far I am concerned we are trying to get basic mechanical properties of concrete including compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity.

2.

Materials and Methods

Describe the concrete mix such as proportions, when was it mixed, what specimens were made, how were they cure.

The proportions used for the making of the concrete are as follows: 59.6lbs of coarse aggregate, 48lbs of fine aggregate, 24.6lbs of cement, and 12lbs of water. The concrete that was made was mixed on the first day of the 3 week period. Compression tests were carried out on two 4x8 cylinders after 7 and 14 days of hardening and a split cylinder test was performed on the 6x12 cylinder after allowing the cylinder to cure for 28 days. The specimens that were made included batches of fresh several 4x8 (in) cylinders and one cylinder of dimensions 6x12 (in). The specimens were cured by placing them in the small bath tub for 7,14,28 days respectively for testing.

a. Compressive Strength Briefly describe the test, when was it made (7 days, 14 days, 28 days), provide a short table with the failure load for each of these tests. Compression tests were executed on two 4x8 cylinders after seven and fourteen days of hardening. The split cylinder test was performed on the 6x12 cylinder after, therefore allowing the cylinder to cure for 28 days. The compression tests were performed by placing the already-made 4x8 cylinders a machine that provided applied loads on the cylinders. These machines would provide a number for the failure load for each cylinder. All of the failure loads for each different week were recorded. The compressive strengths were then calculated by using the cross sectional area measured from the cylinders. The calculations were conducted just as those from the compression tests.

Day 7 14 28

Failure Load 21 36 48

b. Tensile strength

b1. Modulus of rupture test: Describe the tests as well as the load that caused failure of the beam. Modulus of Rupture Test:

For this component of the lab your report should include:

Brief description of the test: During the rupture test, the geometry of each specimen was measured and recorded as loaded. The widths and depths of each section in the mid third were recorded as well. The average of the several readings was additionally recorded as well. The test was then executed as explained by TA. The failure load was observed and recorded. failure mode (including sketch) modulus of rupture. For each specimen tested express the modulus of rupture in terms of the corresponding compressive strength in a formula similar to the one provided in class.

Compare the modulus of rupture and split cylinder strength values.

b2. Split cylinder test. Describe the test as well as the load that caused failure. The split cylinder test was performed in the same manner in which the compression test, the only difference was that the split cylinder test, as the name tells it, required the cylinder to be on one of its sides, causing a splitting down the middle of the specimen c. Non-destructive test. Describe the test as well as the principle behind the method, i.e. which is the physical quantity you measure and then use it to deduce the compressive strength of the. In reality you measure something and somebody else has measured the same thing many times for different concrete strengths and made a chart that says if your measured quantity is so much then the concrete is approximately that strong. List the readings from the equipment.

The non-destructive test is used for various things, but our main use of this test was to approximate the strength of in-situ concrete. The non-destructive test is used with a rebound hammer. The rebound hammer can provide us with a reading for the specific strength of the concrete being tested. It can be used on different types of concrete in order to compare respective strengths. The principle behind the method is for us to be able to measure compressive strength of the specimen without the use of a physical load on the specimen being tested. The accuracy of the rebound hammer is about 25% within the range of the values that a destructive test would provide. d) Modulus of elasticity of concrete. Discuss the method, i.e. you calculate the unit weight of your concrete and then use a ACI formula to get E.

3.

Results and Discussion

a. Compressive Strength: Provide table with 3 columns, time, force, compressive strength. Provide a plot of the compressive strength vs time. Provide comments of the 28 day strength and failure mode. Make some comments on the progression of the strength in time. If that is not what you expected maybe you can think of the reason. Time 7 14 28 Force Compressive Strength 21 36 48

Time vs. Compression Strength

60 Failure Load (ksi) 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 Time (Days) 20 25 30

As expected, the longer the days, the greater the failure load on the specimen. This means that the relationship between the failure load and the days passed was directly proportional in our case. As shown in the time vs compressive strength plot, the failure load amount increased simultaneously and relatively with the days that passed.

the progression of the strength in time shown in the plot demonstrates that as time goes on, the concrete becomes stronger and can witstand a bigger load. For example, during the 7th day, the strength that the specimen could withstand was of 21kips, but during the 28th day, the specimen was strong enough to withstand 48kips. This relationship between time and strength was expected. b. Tensile strength. Drovide the formula used to get the modulus of rupture: fr = PL/bh2 =(7880)(20)/(6*62) actual value: Fr = 657psi

How does it compare with ACI formula? ACI formula: fr = 7.5 = 7.5 =389.71psi The value of the ACI formula, 389.71psi, is about half of the actual value of 657psi. Did the beam break in the mid-third? (If not we are supposed to repeat the test).

Provide the formula for the split cylinder strength and the value calculated. Split Cylinder Test fct = 2P/pi*l*d =2*5,140/pi*12*6 Fct = 45psi

How does it compare with ACI ACI formula: fct = (5 to 7) = 6

=379.47psi The actual value was calculated to be 45psi, and the value calculated from the ACI formula was 379.47

. How do the two different ways to find the tensile strength compare? Which one you would trust more for your calculations and why? c. Nondestructive testing. Calculate the average reading and use the chart provided (may want to include it in your report) to get an reading for the strength. Make sure you discuss which line you used (based on angle). Also, you may want to reject any outlier data. For example if you had 5 readings between 28 and 32 and one reading is 15 you may want to exclude 15 from your calculation. Comment on how the strength determined compares with the strength compared by breaking the cylinder.

e) Modulus of elasticity. Provide the formula and the calculation. Would you characterize this as normal weight concrete?

Note: feel free to add sketches and pictures as needed in the sections above.

4.

Conclusions

Summarize the compressive and tensile strength of concrete as well any comments on the suitability of the concrete or factors that affected your results. 5. References.