Continuous Systems

Topics: Introduction to Continuous Systems Example of a Penstock Systems Governed by Wave Equation
Stretched String Axial Vibrations of a Bar Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations Free Vibrations of a Beam Vibration of Membranes
1

Introduction Continuous Systems

Any Mechanical System is Continuous in Mass and Stiffness Properties Some Systems eg Turbine Blade Better as Distributed then Lumped Partial Differential Equations Solutions are Simpler and Accurate compared to MDOF System Strings, Bars, Rods & Beams

Example of a Pen Stock

Continuous Systems
Topics: Introduction to Continuous Systems Example of a Penstock Systems Governed by Wave Equation
Stretched String Axial Vibrations of a Bar Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations Free Vibrations of a Beam Vibration of Membranes
4

Systems Governed by Wave Equation

Stretched String Potential Function Lagrangian Function Hamiltons Principle U - Strain Energy T Kinetic Energy W External Work Done

Systems Governed by Wave Equation

Stretched String

Governing Equation

w,tt = a w, xx
2

a is the Wave Propagation

Velocity

p a = m
2

Systems Governed by Wave Equation

Axial Vibrations of a Bar Energy Components

Systems Governed by Wave Equation

Governing Equation

a =
2

Systems Governed by Wave Equation

Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Strain Energy

Ip is Second Polar
Moment of Area of C/S

Systems Governed by Wave Equation

Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod Kinetic Energy External Work Done by Moment

Governing Equation

a2 =

10

Continuous Systems
Topics: Introduction to Continuous Systems Example of a Penstock Systems Governed by Wave Equation
Stretched String Axial Vibrations of a Bar Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations Free Vibrations of a Beam Vibration of Membranes
11

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

Governing Equation

Assumed Solution

12

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

For String Fixed at x = 0 & x = L

Natural Frequencies

13

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

Wave Shape

General Solution Variable Separable Form

14

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

15

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

ith Mode

jth Mode

16

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

17

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations

18

Continuous Systems
Topics: Introduction to Continuous Systems Example of a Penstock Systems Governed by Wave Equation
Stretched String Axial Vibrations of a Bar Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations Free Vibrations of a Beam Vibration of Membranes
19

Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations

Non homogeneous Differential Equation

20

Continuous Systems
Topics: Introduction to Continuous Systems Example of a Penstock Systems Governed by Wave Equation
Stretched String Axial Vibrations of a Bar Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations Free Vibrations of a Beam Vibration of Membranes
21

Free Vibrations of Beam

Governing Differential Equation

22

Free Vibrations of Beam

General Solution

23

Continuous Systems
Topics: Introduction to Continuous Systems Example of a Penstock Systems Governed by Wave Equation
Stretched String Axial Vibrations of a Bar Torsional Vibration of a Circular Rod

Solution of Wave Equation-Free Vibrations Solution of Wave Equation-Forced Vibrations Free Vibrations of a Beam Vibration of Membranes
24

Vibration of Membranes
A Membrane is a Plate Subjected to Tension and has Negligible Bending Resistance

25

Vibration of Membranes

26

Assignment
1 2 3 4
Consider a bar with one end fixed and with a concentrated mass M at The Free end. Determine the frequency for axial vibrations of the system and establish the Orthogonality conditions Find the Influence of the end mass on the natural frequencies and plot the result using nondimensional parameters Show that the governing equation of motion of a shear beam is also Wave equation

27

Assignment
5

28

Assignment

29

Assignment
7

30