A GUIDE TO STUDENT PROJECT

DEM 309: Design of Machine Elements II DESIGN PROJECT Requirement / Criterion of Design Project: (a) Design a product which must consist of at least three machine elements. Should have detail analysis and description of three machine elements. The analysis and description are carried out in two terms: i. Dimension description (can be expressed by the aided of drawing). ii. Stress/ strength/ force/ fatigue analysis (can be analyzed by the aid of computer software). (b) Design a mechanism/ method/ operating process of a system in the designed product.

Evaluation: This design project allocates a total of 20% for the course DEM 309. The project work will be evaluated based on the following: (a) Presentation of Project 5% (b) Report of Project 15% i. Objective and Introduction ii. Literature Review and Methodology iii. Results and Discussion iv. Conclusions and Recommendation v. Format of the report

3% 2% 6% 2% 2%

Important Information (a) One group consists of at most three members. (b) Submit a complete project report with both hard copy and soft copy. Due date on Week 14, Friday before 5:00 pm. All the submission of report beyond the stated date will not be accepted. (c) All students must present their project work (individual presentation). Students must present their project work by any types of presentation methods: i. Power point (preferable) ii. Whiteboard iii. Mahjong paper/ manila card iv. Any others which are appropriate Time and location: i. Week 13, Monday, 9:00 11.00 am (M2) ii. Week 13, Wednesday, 11:00 12:00 pm (M2) Each group has 10 15 minutes to present their project work. Please prepare for Q&A section.

PREPARATION OF THE REPORT A. Physical Requirement of the Report 1. Paper An 80 gm White paper or paper of equivalent quality should be used. The paper should be of A4 size (210 x 297 mm). 2. Margins The text is recommended to be typed on one side of the paper only with margins of not less than 40mm on the left and 25mm on the top, bottom and right. 3. Font Type and Size The report should be typed by using Times New Roman font with 12 in size. 4. Spacing The report should be typed preferably in double spacing. The following, however, should be single spaced in the text of the report: a) Foot notes b) Quotations longer than 3 lines c) Reference d) Tables e) Computer Programs f) Appendices Major sections should begin on a new page on the fifth double space from the top of. Avoid having a single line of a paragraph. 5. Pagination Pages are numbered consecutively from introduction to the end of the report, including pages of figure, tables, computer programs and appendices. Page numbers appear by themselves and are not to be enclosed in parenthesis, hyphens or other decorative symbols. Pages preceding the introduction may carry page numbers in small roman numerals (i, ii, iii). The title page should not be numbered though it is counted as page i. 6. Mathematical Text Mathematical text must be spaced out; superscript must be clearly shown as such. 7. Type-written Copy Carbon copies will not be accepted.

B. Format of the Report 1. Arrangement of Contents A report consists of many parts arranged in a certain order. It is recommended that the following occur in the following order, although not every report will include all the items listed. Title Page Acknowledgement Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures or Illustrations List of Symbols Objective Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: Methodology Chapter 4: Results and Discussion Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendation References Appendices

2. Acknowledgement Acknowledgements may be given to those who help in the supervision of the project. It may be found necessary to seek information and special assistance, particularly from outside the University, which should be acknowledged. Students should judge as to whether the quality and quantity of the assistance requires acknowledgements. The wording should be simple, concise, tactful and modest. 3. Table of Contents This page is self-explanatory. It serves as a synopsis of the structural pattern of the report. As far as possible, subdivision of headings should be limited to three levels. All materials following the table of contents are listed in it. No preceding material is listed. The headings as listed in the table of contents must be worded exactly as they appear in the body of the report. 4. List of Tables (if any) If the report contains a lot of tables, a separate page should be allocated to a list of them, giving the table number, the exact title and the page where it may be found. 5. List of Figures (if any) If the report contains a lot of tables, a separate page should be allocated to a list of them, giving the table number, the exact title and the page where it may be found. 6. List of Symbols (if any) All symbols and abbreviations for scientific terms as used in the report should be listed on this page and their full interpretation given, along with their units where necessary.

7. Objective The objectives of the design project must be clearly stated out. Explain in detail.

8. Introduction This is an introduction to the project work as a whole, the problem, social, economic and technical reasons why the project is of importance, its significance on a limited front or its possible application to a wider field. It includes the justification and importance that lead to the objectives of the current work. It also includes the scope of the work, limitations and the benefactors of the work. 9. Literature Review It is important that a student doing a certain project work should know what has already been done related to his project. Having done this reading, it is important that the main outlines be recorded and the reference to the work be made. 10. Methodology This should contain an accurate description of the equipment used and the experiments carried out. It should be sufficiently detailed for the reader to be able to repeat the work if necessary and know exactly the circumstances under which it was done. While only representative successful experiments need to be described in detail, it is often described in detail, it is often desirable to mention briefly the unsuccessful experiments and wrong turnings which occur for the benefit of the reader. Students should describe in detail about the methods that have be executed in order to accomplish the objective or requirement of the project work. 11. Results and Discussion This is the heart of the project work and distinguishes a project report from references or description. This is the place where the results of experimentation are reported and appraisal of what has been written before. Students should include all the related drawings, analysis, calculation and descriptions which are related to the design. 12. Conclusions Conclusions are the natural outcome of the results and discussions. These are essential parts of all reports even if the only possible conclusion that can be reached is no conclusion can be drawn from the project and that further work is necessary in a certain direction. There is a clear distinction between conclusions and comments. The student has really learnt from his project work if he can separate out the conclusions from the comments. 13. Recommendations Recommendations are the comments or advices that can be carried out to improve the results or finding in the project. It can be done by giving reasonable opinion and fact which are reliable after having enough experience and knowledge about the study. 14. References Nearly all projects will involve the reading of a number of references. The list of reference forms a very valuable part of the work since it enables the reader to seek more work consulted and also protect writes in matters of copyright. It refers to information from the source. It is a common courtesy to quote the authors of the work consulted and also protect writes in matters of copyright 15. Appendices Any information, which may contain the following, should be included under Appendices: a) Original data that are lengthy and or lesser importance b) Long quotations or descriptions c) Other relevant information that are not readily available to the reader

C. The Use of References in Technical Writing The objective of giving references is to let the reader: i) Know what sources the writer drew on. ii) Know which information comes from which source. iii) Find the original information to check it or obtain more information. The essential elements of a good reference are: i) Authorship ii) Year of publication iii) Title of publication iv) Medium of publication and v) Number of pages in the publication Examples given below are presented in section according to the type of publications. This is done to illustrate how to handle various kinds of materials referred to and does not mean that the reference section should be similarly presented. Volume Works: If the source is a textbook, monograph, pamphlet or report the following information should be given in the order stated: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Example: DESCH, H.E. (1973). Timber, Its Structure and Properties 5th Ed. London, Macmillan, 424p. NEVILLE, A.M. (1973). Properties of Concrete. 2nd Ed. London Pittman, 687p. WHITMORE, J.G (1973). Palms of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Oxford Univ. Press. 129p. Periodicals: When the reference is an article in a technical journal the following should be given: i) Author ii) Year of Publication (in parenthesis) iii) Title of Article iv) Name of Periodical (abbreviated, underlined and followed by a comma) v) Volume number vi) Issue number vii) Page numbers referred to Author (or Editor, Compiler, Translator) Year of Publication (in parentheses) Title of Article/Chapter/part of section Title of Book/Monograph/Pamphlet/Report Edition No. Publisher Page number referred to