MPLS Overview PDF

MPLS overview
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Wolfgang Riedel wriedel@cisco.com Systems Engineer ECSO Enterprise Manufacturing Cisco Systems GmbH
Agenda MPLS Overview

1. Evolution of MPLS 2. Technology Basics 3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks 4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs 4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS) 4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services) 4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS) 4.5 Traffic Engineering 4.7 Fast Reroute 4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier 4.8 Multicast VPNs 4.9 QoS
5. Summary
12:24
Evolution of MPLS
From tag switching Proposed in IETFLater combined with other proposals from IBM (ARIS), Toshiba (CSR)
Cisco Calls a BOF at IETF to Standardize Tag Switching MPLS Croup Formally Chartered by IETF Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching) Cisco Ships Traffic Engineering Deployed MPLS TE MPLS VPN Deployed Large Scale Deployment
Time
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
12:24
2001
3
The Challenges
Service Providers Generate new services Protect existing InfrastructureATM/FR Combine private data services with Internet services Move into rapid deployment Cost saving Enterprise Lower cost of WAN connectivity Migration path Lower cost of managing separate Data and Voice networks Campus Service Provider multiple customers Replacement of campus wide vlans
12:24
MPLS advanced services
L2 VPN
IPv6
6PE
Carrier supporting Carrier
Multicast over VPN BGP LDP OSPF IS-IS PIM LDP RSVP CEF
ATOM Any Transport over MPLS

IP switching
Virtual Private Networks
DiffServ Multicast IP Traffic Fast aware Routing CoS Engineering Rerouting TE (PIM v2) v2 (DiffServ)
Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) Per-Label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, Restoration Mechanisms L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, Enet, GRE, ...)
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12:24
MPLS Innovation & Standards
L2 VPN
IPv6
6PE
Multicast over 2547 BGP/MPLS VPNs * VPN BGP LDP OSPF IS-IS PIM
ATOM 2702 Requirements for Virtual Private Networks Any Transport over MPLS Traffic Engineering Over MPLS
IP switching DiffServ Multicast IP Traffic Fast aware Routing CoS Engineering Rerouting TE (PIM v2) v2 (DiffServ)
LDP 3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) RSVP Architecture *
3032 MPLS Label Stack Encoding * 2474 Definition of the Differentiated Services Per Label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, Restoration 3034 Label Switching on Frame Field in IP Headers * CEF 2475 An Architecture for Differentiated Mechanisms Relay Networks Services 3035 MPLS using LDP and ATM VC 2597 Assured Forwarding PHB Group * Switching * L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, Enet, GRE, ...) 2598 An Expedited Forwarding PHB * 3036 LDP Specification * 2697 A Single Rate Three Color Marker 3037 LDP Applicability * 2698 A Two Rate Three Color Marker 6 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12:24
MPLS Innovation-in-Progress
[Draft Rosen] An Architecture for L2VPNs *
draft-rosen-ppvpn-l2vpn-00.txt
L2 VPN
IPv6
6PE
Multicast over VPN BGP LDP OSPF IS-IS PIM LDP RSVP CEF
ATOM Any Transport over MPLS

IP switching
Virtual Private Networks
DiffServ Multicast IP Traffic Fast aware Routing CoS Engineering Rerouting TE (PIM v2) v2 (DiffServ) [Martini Drafts]
Transport of Layer 2 Frames Over MPLS * Label Forwarding
draft-martini-l2circuit-transmpls-06.txt
Information Base (LFIB)
Per-LabelMethods Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, Restoration Encapsulation for Transport of Layer 2 Frames Mechanisms MPLS Support of Over MPLS * Differentiated Services * draft-martini-l2circuit-encapmpls-02.txt
L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, Enet, GRE, ...) draft-ietf-mpls-diff-ext-09.txt

7

5. Summary
12:24
MPLS Concept
At Edge:
Classify packets Label them
In Core:
Forward using labels (as opposed to IP addr) Label indicates service class and destination
Edge Label Switch Router
Label Switch Router (LSR)
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
12:24
MPLS Operation
1a. Existing routing protocols (e.g. OSPF, IS-IS) establish reachability to destination networks 1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) establishes label to destination network mappings 4. Edge LSR at egress removes label and delivers packet
2. Ingress Edge LSR receives packet, performs Layer 3 value-added services, and labels packets
3. LSR switches packets using label swapping

12:24
10
Encapsulations
ATM Cell Header
GFC
VPI
VCI
PTI
CLP HEC
DATA
Label
PPP Header (Packet over SONET/SDH)
PPP Header
Label Header
Layer 3 Header
LAN MAC Label Header
MAC Header
Label Header
Layer 3 Header
12:24
11
Label Header for Packet Media

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Tag
COS S
TTL
Label = 20 bits S = Bottom of Stack, 1 bit
COS/EXP = Class of Service, 3 bits TTL = Time to Live, 8 bits
Can be used over Ethernet, 802.3, or PPP links Uses two new Ethertypes/PPP PIDs Contains everything needed at forwarding time
12

5. Summary
12:24
13
Label Distribution Protocol

Defined in RFC 3036 and 3037 Used to distribute labels in a MPLS network Forwarding equivalence class
How packets are mapped to LSPs (Label Switched Paths)
Advertise labels per FEC

Reach destination a.b.c.d with label x
Neighbor discovery
Basic and extended discovery
14
TDP and LDP
Tag Distribution Protocol

Pre-cursor to LDP Used for Cisco tag switching
TDP and LDP supported on the same box

Per neighbor/link basis Per target basis
12:24
15
RSVP and Label Distribution

Used in MPLS traffic engineering Additions to RSVP signaling protocol Leverage the admission control mechanism of RSVP Label requests are sent in PATH messages and binding is done with RESV messages EXPLICT-ROUTE object defines the path over which setup messages should be routed Using RSVP has several advantages
12:24
16
BGP-Based Label Distribution
Used in the context of MPLS VPNs Need multi-protocol extensions to BGP Routers need to be BGP peers
Works in both RR and non-RR environment
Label mapping info carried as part of NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information)
12:24
17
MPLS Example: Routing Information

In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl
128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...
1 1 1 1 ... ...
128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...
0 0 1 1 ... ...
128.89 128.89 ... ...
0 0 ... ... 0 128.89
1 You can reach 128.89 and 171.69 through me
0 You can reach 128.89 through me 1 171.69
Routing Updates (OSPF, EIGRP, )

You can reach 171.69 through me

18
MPLS Example: Assigning Labels

In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl
128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...
1 1 1 1 ... ...
4 4 5 5
4 4 5 5
128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...
0 0 1 1 ... ...
9 9 7 7
9 9
128.89 128.89 ... ...
0 0 ... ...
0 128.89 1 Use Lbl 4 for 128.89 and Use Lbl 5 for 171.69 0 Use Lbl 9 for 128.89 1 171.69 Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
(Downstream Allocation)
Use Lbl 7 for 171.69
19
MPLS Example: Forwarding Packets

In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Iface Iface Out Out TLbl TLbl In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl In In Lbl Lbl Address Address Prefix Prefix Out Out Out Out Iface Iface Lbl Lbl
128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...
1 1 1 1 ... ...
4 4 5 5
4 4 5 5
128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...
0 0 1 1 ... ...
9 9 7 7
9 9
128.89 128.89 ... ...
0 0 ... ... 0
128.89
0 128.89.25.4 Data 9 128.89.25.4Data 4 128.89.25.4 Data 1 171.69
128.89.25.4 Data
Label Switch Forwards Based on Label

20
Label Stacking
Arrange labels in a stack Inner labels can be used to designate services/FECs, etc.
E.g. VPNs, fast re-route
Outer label used to route/switch the MPLS packets in the network Allows building services such as
MPLS VPNs Traffic engineering and fast re-route VPNs over traffic engineered core Any transport over MPLS Inner Label IP Header Outer Label TE Label IGP Label VPN Label
12:24
21

5. Summary
12:24
22
MPLS Features ...
Thats all nice but ... How can you make money with it?
12:24
23
Metro Solutions
Architectural flexibility, service transparency
Storage TDM PL GigE PL Wavelength Enterprise VoIP Internet Access L3 VPN L2 VPN
Residential Data/Voice/Video
L2 VPN Internet Access
L3 VPN
12:24
24
with enough fiber you could do anything?
In what room do you want me to put it?
12:24
25
MPLS IP-VPN
The L3 generation of core backbone
Regional Site
TDM MUX Frame-Relay ATM
Branch
Remote Sites
LL
INTERNET
INTERNET
Home
MPLS IP-VPN
Central Site PSTN ISDN ADSL/Cable
IPSec
Travel
Branch Home Travel
Services
Branch
Home
12:24
26

5. Summary
12:24
28
MPLS L2-VPN
The L3 generation of core backbone
Regional Sites Regional Site
Remote Sites Frame-Relay ATM
Ethernet
Remote Sites Frame-Relay ATM
MPLS IP-VPN L2 VPN

Ethernet
Ethernet
Central Site
Central Site
Ethernet
Frame-Relay ATM
Regional Site
12:24
29
What Is a VPN?
VPN is a set of sites which are allowed to communicate with each other VPN is defined by a set of administrative policies
Policies determine both connectivity and QoS among sites Policies established by VPN customers Policies could be implemented completely by VPN service providers Using BGP/MPLS VPN mechanisms
12:24
30
MPLS-based IP-VPN Architecture

Scalable VPNs IP QoS and traffic engineering Easy to manage and No VC provisioning required Provides a level of Security equivalent to Frame-relay and ATM Supports the deployment of new value-added applications Customer IP address freedom
Corp B Site 3 VPN A Site 2 MPLS Network Corp A Site 1 MPLS VPN Renault MPLS VPN Bankcorp Corp B Site 1 Traffic Separation at Layer 3 Each VPN Has Unique RD Corp B Site 2 VPN MembershipBased on Logical Port VPN A Site 3
12:24
31
Using Labels to Build an IP VPN

Cust A
A
---------
A
---------
Cust A
B B
---------
Cust A
Cust B
---------
MPLS Network
Cust B
The network distributes labels to each VPN

Only labels for other VPN members are distributed Each VPN is provisioned automatically by IP routing
Privacy and QoS of ATM without tunnels or encryption

Each network is as secure as a Frame Relay connection
One mechanism (labels) for QoS and VPNsno tradeoffs

32
Service Provider Benefits of MPLS-Based VPNs

VPN B VPN A VPN C VPN C VPN B
Multicast Hosting
Intranet
VPN A VPN A VPN B VPN C VPN A VPN B VPN C
VoIP
Extranet
Overlay VPN
Pushes content outside the network Costs scale exponentially Transport dependent Groups endpoints, not groups Complex overlay with QoS, tunnels, IP
MPLS-based VPNs
Enables content hosting inside the network Flat cost curve Transport independent Easy grouping of users and services Enables QoS inside the VPNs
12:24
33
MPLS Based IP-VPN Security
Cisco MPLS based VPNs: Equivalent to the Security of Frame Relay and ATM
Miercom, March 30, 2001
http://www.mier.com/reports/cisco/MPLS-VPNs.pdf
Security
12:24
35
Validating Cisco MPLS Based IP-VPN as a Secure Network

Miercom independent testing confirmed Cisco MPLS VPN is secure:
POS 2/0 100.200.110.1 POS 1/1 100.200.106.1
LONDON GSR12008 100.200.200.107

POS 1/0 100.200.103.1 OC3 POS
OC3 POS
9 Customers network topology is not

revealed to the outside world
POS 1/0 100.200.106.2 SER 5/0:0 100.200.104.1
GLASCOW 7206 100.200.200.106

ATM 1/0 100.200.105.1
POS 1/0 100.200.112.1 OC3 POS
OXFORD 7206 100.200.200.103

Ser 5/0:0 100.200.101.1
POS 2/0 100.200.103.2 Ser 3/0 100.200.102.1
Si
DOVER 7505 100.200.200.112

SER 1/0/1:0 100.200.110.1
Si
Si
9 Customers can maintain own

addressing plans and the freedom to use either public or private address space
T1 FR dlci 104 RIP v2 SER 1/0:0 100.200.104.2
pvc 1/1 OS PF ATM1/0 100.200.105.2
POS 2/1/0 100.200.112.2 T1 FR dlci 101 OSPF Ser 0 100.200.101.2 T1 FR dlci 102 eBGP AS72
ATM2/0/0 100.200.111.1
SER 1/0/0:0 100.200.109.1 T1 FR dlci 109 RIP v2 Ser 0 100.200.109.2 Ser 1/0 100.200.110.2
Ser 0/0 100.200.102.2
10.5.5.5
T1 FR dlci 110 Static
pvc 0/11 eBGP AS71 ATM1/0 100.200.111.2 10.4.4.4
3.4.4.4
BLUE-Glascow
3640 100.200.200.105
RED-Glascow
2611 100.200.200.104
BLUE-Oxford BLUE-Dover
2611 100.200.200.110 10.3.3.3 3.5.5.5 10.3.3.3 1750 100.200.200.101
10.4.4.4
RED-Dover
1750 100.200.200.109
YELLOW-Dover
3640 100.200.200.111
YELLOW-Oxford
3640 100.200.200.102
9 Attackers cannot gain access into

VPNs or Service Providers network
Test Network Topology

Security
9 Impossible for attacker to insert

spoofed label into a Cisco MPLS network and thus gain access to a VPN or the MPLS core
36
Key Features (Cont.)

Connectivity to the Internet:
VPN service providers may also provide connectivity to the Internet to its VPN customers Common infrastructure is used for both VPN and the Internet connectivity services
Simplifies operations and management for VPN service providers:

No need for VPN service providers to set up and manage a separate backbone or virtual backbone for each VPN
12:24
38
BGP/MPLS VPNSummary
Supports large scale VPN service Increases value add by the VPN service provider Decreases service provider cost of providing VPN services Mechanisms are general enough to enable VPN service provider to support a wide range of VPN customers
39

5. Summary
12:24
40
Ethernet Virtual Circuit EoMPLS

Access (L2) Ethernet Core MPLS Access (L2) Ethernet
MPLS PE
Cisco 7600
MPLS PE
Cisco 7600
MPLS
10/100/Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet
Enterprise Campus A
Ethernet Circuit EoMPLS Tunnel in Core

Ethernet Mapped Circuit
To the Enterprise this network is a pair of Pt to Pt 10/100/Gbit Bridged Ethernet Links
Enterprise Campus B
A
B
12:24
41

5. Summary
12:24
42
VPLS ( Transparent LAN Services)
Point to Multipoint Service Multipoint to Multipoint Service The network will simulate a L2 switch
43

5. Summary
12:24
44
L2 Transport: AToM
|<---------- ES:FR/Ether/ATM/PPP/HDLC ---------->|
|<-- FR -->| |<------ PW:Emulated VC ------>| Ethernet ATM/PPP/HDLC
PSN Tunnel: MPLS Tunnel Site1A CE 1A
Attachment VC / L2 circuit Attachment VC / L2 circuit
|<--FR -->| Ethernet ATM/PPP/HDLC
PE1
MPLS (LSP or RSVPRSVP-TE)
PE2
Site1B CE 1B
MPLS Core
Site 2B Site 2A CE 2A
Attachment VC / L2 circuit
IP Network
Attachment VC / CE 2B L2 circuit
AToM Reference Model

ES Emulated Services: FR/Ether/ATM/PPP/HDLC Attachment VC (AVC): FR DLCI/Ethernet VLAN/ATM PVC/PPP/HDLC PW Pseudo-Wire: Emulated VC (EVC): MPLS LSP PSN Packet Switched Network (Tunnel): MPLS LSP or RSVP-TE
45
Any Transport over MPLS AToM

FR Cust DLCI 101
IPoFR cust Edge-LSR LSR DLCI 202 Service Provider
Example: Frame Relay over MPLS

46
Transports over MPLS AToM

draft-martini-l2circuit-trans-mpls-05.txt draft-martini-l2circuit-encap-mpls-01.txt
Ethernet 802.1Q (Ethernet VLAN) Frame Relay PDU ATM AAL5 PDU ATM cells (non AAL5 mode) Cisco HDLC PPP
12:24
47

5. Summary
12:24
48
Why Traffic Engineering?

Congestion in the network due to changing traffic patterns
Election news, online trading, major sports events
Better utilization of available bandwidth

Route on the non-shortest path
Route around failed links/nodes

Fast rerouting around failures, transparently to users Like SONET APS (Automatic Protection Switching)
Build new servicesVirtual leased line services

VoIP toll-bypass applications, point-to-point bandwidth guarantees
Capacity planning
TE improves aggregate availability of the network
12:24
49
IP Routing and the Fish

R3 R4 R8 R2 R5
R1
R6
R7
IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost Routing Flows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become Indistinguishable From R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route Alternate Path Under-Utilized
50
Solution: Toll Bypass with Voice/Data Converged Network
PBX with Circuit Emulation Interface
PSTN Traditional TDM Network
Class 5 legacy switches
CE Fast Reroute in the core
CE
Enterprise LAN PE
Toll Bypass
Enterprise LAN PE
GB Tunnel
Solution Requirements
QoS on CE Router
QoS on PE Router
Mapping Traffic to Tunnels
QoS on Core Routers
DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering

12:24
52
DiffServ Aware TE Virtual Leased Line

Traditional Central Telephony Office PSTN Traditional TDM Network MPLS Network Voice Trunking VoIP Gateway PE PE CE Enterprise LAN VPN Service Regular TE Tunnel PE PE
GB-TE Tunnel Regular TE Tunnel Physical Link
Class 5 Legacy switches Central Office Traditional Telephony
Toll Bypass GB Tunnel PE PE
VoIP Gateway
CE Enterprise LAN
Internet Service
Enterprise LAN
Internet Access Router
Internet Access Router
Enterprise LAN
12:24
53

5. Summary
12:24
55
What Is Fast Reroute?

Definition
Fast ReRoute (FRR) is a link or node protection feature, allowing for temporary bypassing of the failed link or node over a preestablished tunnel, while the head-end is rerouting the failed LSP
56
What is Fast Re-route? (cont.)

Head-end Router
57
Link Resilience (Next-hop Backup Tunnel)
58
Node Resilience (Next-next Hop Backup Tunnel)
59

5. Summary
12:24
60
Carrier Supporting Carrier & Inter-Provider Access

Carrier Supporting Carrier Hierarchical relationship Opportunity: Offer backbone services to peer or smaller carriers Inter-Provider Access Peer relationship Opportunity: Provide carrier services on behalf of other carriers
Backbone Carrier
Carrier A
Customer Carriers
Carrier B
12:24
61
Inter-AS VPN Using VRF-to-VRF Design (Cont.)

VRF-to-VRF Connections Between AS Border Routers
ASBRs collect the client VPN routes through configured VRFs. Adjacent ASBR is seen as a CE through separate logical interface. Dedicated IPv4 routing session per VRF usually eBGP.
62

VPN Routing Distribution Between MPLS VPN Backbones
VPN routing information distributed across inter-AS network

63

Data Flow Label Switching and IP Forwarding
Data flow: Label switching within AS and IP forwarding on InterAS link

64
MPLS VPN Enabled ISP Connected Across Standard Carrier (Cont.)

Customer Carrier is Not Running MPLS (Cont.)
65
MPLS VPN Enabled ISP Connected Across Standard Carrier (Cont.)

Customer Carrier is Running MPLS (Cont.)
IBGP
66

5. Summary
12:24
67
Multicast VPN (MVPN)

Receiver 4
Join high bandwidth source
CE
A
New New York York
CE
B1
San San Francisco Francisco
CE
B2
Receiver 1
Customer CE devices joins the MPLS Core through providers PE devices

CE
E
A B
PE PE
E
PE Default MDT
For low Bandwidth & control traffic only. Los Los Angeles Angeles
MPLS VPN Core
A Default MDT is created connecting all the PEs within a VPN for signaling and low bandwidth flows
CE A High-bandwidth source
Data MDT
D C
For High Bandwidth traffic only.
PE PE
Receiver 3
CE
D
Dallas Dallas
CE
for that customer starts sending traffic Interested receivers 1 & 2 join that High Bandwidth source Data-MDT is formed for this High-Bandwidth source
High bandwidth multicast source
Join high bandwidth source
Receiver 2
12:24
68

5. Summary
12:24
69
Backbone and Edge QoS Design

Scope
Loss rate Latency Jitter Throughput
Loss rate Latency Jitter
Availability Subsecond Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) convergence Sub-100 ms Fast Reroute (FRR) High availability12:24
70
Backbone and Edge QoS Design (Cont.)

QoS Transparency
An MPLS packet carries two (or more) DiffServ markings. Three modes of interaction are defined between markings: Uniform, Pipe, and Short Pipe. Modes are only relevant when a label is popped/pushed.
71

QoS Transparency: Uniform Mode
12:24
72

QoS Transparency: Pipe Mode
12:24
75

QoS Transparency: Short Pipe Mode
12:24
78

5. Summary
12:24
81
MPLS: The Key Technology for IP Service Delivery

IP ATM Services Services
IP+ATM: MPLS brings IP and ATM together

IP PNNI MPLS
Eliminates IP over ATM overhead and complexity One network for Internet, Business IP VPNs, and transport
IP+ATM Switch
Network-based VPNs with MPLS: a foundation for value-added service delivery

Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz) Flexibility of IP and the QoS and privacy of ATM Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN Transport independent Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services
82
MPLS traffic engineering

Provides routing on diverse paths to avoid congestion Better utilization of the network Better availability using protection solution (FRR)
Guaranteed bandwidth services

Combine MPLS traffic engineering and QoS Deliver point-to-point bandwidth guaranteed pipes Leverage the capability of traffic engineering Build solution like virtual leased line and toll trunking
12:24
83

IP Optical Services Services IP O-UNI MPLS
IP+Optical: MPLS brings IP and Optical together

Eliminates IP over optical complexity Uses MPLS as a control plane for setting up lightpaths (wavelengths) One control plane for Internet (GMPLS), business IP VPNs, and Optical transport
IP+Optical Switch
Frame Relay
Frame Relay
Any transport over MPLS

Transport ATM, FR, Ethernet, PPP over MPLS Provide services to existing installed base Protect Investment in the installed gear Leverage capabilities of the packet core Combine with other packet-based services such as MPLS VPNs
ATM
12:24
84
Literature
MPLS and VPN Architectures

Ivan Pepelnjak Jim Guichard ISBN 1-58705-002-1
12:24
85
12:24
86
MPLS Features ...
Thats all nice but ... How does this help me for my datacenter ?
12:24
87
Customer Strategies
Mapping Customer Problems to Cisco Solutions Data Center Solution Set
Data Center Networking

Distributed Data Centers Data Center Data Security Application/Server Optimization Highly Availability Infrastructure
Strategies
Server, Application and DC consolidation Migration to Web Apps Comprehensive Security Services Model Storage Consolidation Business Continuance & Disaster Recovery
Storage Network Inter-Data Center Connectivity
12:24
88
Data Center Networking

Internet
ISP A ISP B
Primary Data Center IP Network
Distributed Data Center Internet SP A SP B
Intranet Campus Core External protection Internal protection Primary Data Center Distributed Data Center
IP Network
Data Center Infrastructure
Server & Application Optimization
Server farm protection
Data Center Security
Storage Networking
Distributed Data Centers
12:24
89
12:24
101
12:24
187

MPLS Overview PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

MPLS Overview PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

MPLS overview

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Agenda MPLS Overview

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

MPLS advanced services

Carrier supporting Carrier

ATOM Any Transport over MPLS

Virtual Private Networks

MPLS Innovation & Standards

Carrier supporting Carrier

Carrier supporting Carrier

ATOM Any Transport over MPLS

Virtual Private Networks

Information Base (LFIB)

L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, Enet, GRE, ...) draft-ietf-mpls-diff-ext-09.txt

Agenda MPLS Overview

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Edge Label Switch Router

Label Switch Router (LSR)

Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. LSR switches packets using label swapping

ATM Cell Header

PPP Header (Packet over SONET/SDH)

LAN MAC Label Header

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Label Header for Packet Media

Label = 20 bits S = Bottom of Stack, 1 bit

COS/EXP = Class of Service, 3 bits TTL = Time to Live, 8 bits

Agenda MPLS Overview

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Label Distribution Protocol

Advertise labels per FEC

TDP and LDP

Tag Distribution Protocol

TDP and LDP supported on the same box

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

RSVP and Label Distribution

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

BGP-Based Label Distribution

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

MPLS Example: Routing Information

128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...

128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...

128.89 128.89 ... ...

0 0 ... ... 0 128.89

1 You can reach 128.89 and 171.69 through me

0 You can reach 128.89 through me 1 171.69

Routing Updates (OSPF, EIGRP, )

You can reach 171.69 through me

MPLS Example: Assigning Labels

128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...

128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...

128.89 128.89 ... ...

Use Lbl 7 for 171.69

MPLS Example: Forwarding Packets

128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...

128.89 128.89 171.69 171.69 ... ...

128.89 128.89 ... ...

0 128.89.25.4 Data 9 128.89.25.4Data 4 128.89.25.4 Data 1 171.69

Label Switch Forwards Based on Label