Responses of Vegetation and Hydrology To Climate Changes Simulations Over The Suomo Basin

September 2012 Volume 2, Issue 3, PP.
91-100
Scientific Journal of Earth Science
252059
/SSiB4/TRIFFID
SSiB4T/TRIFFID
11
9.6-22.3%115.4-24.1%228.9-39.6%2
10%19.0-25.0%10%19.8-22.0%3
118.4-21.9%
Responses of Vegetation and Hydrology to Climate

Changes: Simulations over the Suomo Basin
Huiping Deng
School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China, 252059
denghp62@sina.com
Abstract: In order to further investigate the effects of temperature changes on hydrology at basin scale, the coupled model
SSiB4T/TRIFFID (the biophysical/dynamic vegetation model coupled with TOPMODEL) is employed to conduct numerical
simulations of the impacts of climate changes on vegetation and hydrology of the Suomo basin located in the upper reaches of the
Yangtze River. The impacts of climate changes on runoff and evaporation are analyzed. The results show that evaporation of the basin
is very sensitive to temperature changes: temperature reduced by 1 will result in evaporation decrease by 9.6-22.3%; temperature
rises by 1 will cause an increase in evapotranspiration by 15.4-24.1%; an increase in temperature by 2 will increase
evapotranspiration by 28.9-39.6%. The results also show that changes in precipitation alone affect evaporation slightly; an increase in
precipitation by 10% will cause runoff increase by 19.0-25.0%; a decrease in precipitation by 10% will reduce runoff by 19.8-22.0%.
Increase in temperature alone by 1 will result in a total runoff reduction by 18.4-21.9% through increase in evapotranspiration.
Runoff is very sensitive to independent changes in temperature and precipitation and the degree of sensitivity is related with types of
vegetation cover. The results also indicate that changes of evapotranspiration are mainly controlled by temperature changes. Finally, the
results suggest that rise in temperature will not only increase water loss by canopy interception and plant transpiration, but also increase
plant leaf area index during the growing season. The increase in leaf area index will amplify the hydrological sensitivity to temperature
increase.
Keywords: Hydrological Impacts of Climate Changes; Coupled Model; Dynamic Modeling; Responses of Vegetation and Hydrology;
Suomo Basin
41075060
AVS
91
September 2012 Volume 2, Issue 3, PP.91-100
(Intergovernment Panel On Climate Change, IPCC)[1-2]
,[3]
[4]/
CO2
[5]
/SSiB4/TRIFFID[6-9]TOPMODELSSiB4T/TRIFFID[10]
1.1
SiB SSiB Tc T gs Td M c
M g 3 w1 w2 w3
[6-7]
c p Wc 1 Wc
[
]
rb rb rc
[e(Tc ) ea ] c p
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(canopy air space)e (Tc ) Tc e (Tgs ) f h
W c (wetness fraction) rb rsurf
rd rc
E t E wc E dc E gs
[10][14]
1.2
31o-33oN,102o-103oE182.5
km3015.6 km2 218053011 [11]
AVS
92
1961-200040
8.6C761.0 mm
(The National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR)
1ox1o3 h1983-19875[10]1983-1987
8 Fsat Fmax
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C3C4 [10]
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SSiB4TRIFFID
2.1
5 120 600 10
1oC (T-1oC) 1oC (T+1oC) 2oC (T+2oC) 600
10% (P(1+10%))20% (P(1+20%)) 10% (P(1-10%))20% (P(1-20%)) 600
1oC 10% (T+1oC, P(1+10%)) 10% (T+1oC, P(1+10%)) 600
2oC 20% (T+2oC, P(1+20%)) 600
2.2
2 (a) 2 (b) 5
2 (c) 5 C3 6
25
C3
C3
AVS
93
C3
(a)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
(mm/a)
(b)
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
(mm/a)
(c)
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2 (a) (b) (c)
3(a) 20C 3(b)

5
3(c) 5
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1 1oC 16%C3
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1oC 2oC 18.4-32.7%C3

20.7-41.5% 21.9-43.8%
AVS
94
10-20% 19.4-39.8%C3
25.6-48.8%
20.8-40.6%
10-20% 20.4-34.7%C3
22.0-45.0% 19.8-38.5%
1oC
10% 2.0%C3
2.4% 2.1%
2oC 20% 6.1%C3 4.9%

5.2%
1oC 10% 36.0-41.7%
C3
(a)
1
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0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
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0
100
200
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400
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600
(mm/a)
(c)
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
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(mm/a)
(c)
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
3 (a) (b) (c) 1 5 (mm/d)
AVS
95
1 5 (mm/d)
C3
6-10
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21-25
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P 0%
T 1 C
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P 20% T 2 C
1.04
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-5.2
2.3
4(a) 4(b) 4(c) 6-10 21-25 596-600 5
5(a) 5(b) 5(c) 6-10 21-25
596-600 5
1oC 1oC 2oCC3

9.6% 24.1% 39.6% 13.9% 15.4% 28.9%
22.3% 19.8% 39.2% 10% 1oC 10%
(mm)
(a)
T-1
T+1
T+2
C3
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60
50
40
30
20
10
1
10
11
12
T-1
T+1
T+2
70
60
50
40
30
20
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1
10
11
T-1
T+1
T+2
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(mm)
(mm)
(b)
70
60
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20
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1
12
10
4 a) C3 b) c)
AVS
96
11
12
P(1+10%)
P(1-10%)
T+1,P(1+10%)
(mm)
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60
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10
11
12
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11
P(1+10%)
P(1-10%)
T+1,P(1+10%)
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(mm)
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10
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2.4
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AVS
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2)
AVS
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1oC 2oC4-9 25.4-28.2% 48.2-62.7%

3) 1oC 18-22%
4) 1oC 10%
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Penman
,
2-4oC 5%-10%[16]
CO2 380x10-6 CO2
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30
Email: denghp62@sina.com
AVS
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September 2012 Volume 2, Issue 3, PP.

Scientific Journal of Earth Science