Reporters: De Sena, Ilonah Kris D. Zaldua, Jonalyn V.

BSECE IV-I

Fiber Optics
I. Multiple Choice
1. Optical fiber is made from thin strands of either _____ . a. Steel or brass c. glass or steel b. Glass or plastic d. brass or plastic 2. An optical fiber is essentially a waveguide for _____ . a. Sound c. light b. Wavelength d. space 3. The _____________ of the fiber is closely related to the critical angle and is often used in the specification for optical fiber and the components that work with it. a. Angle of acceptance c. optical lens b. Total internal reflection d. numerical aperture 4. __________ fiber has much less dispersion but is more expensive to produce. a. Single mode c. first mode b. Double mode d. second mode 5. ________ fiber is a compromise multimode fiber, but the index of refraction gradually decreases away from the center of the core. a. Step index c. graded index b. Glass index d. numerical index 6. ________ in fiber optics results from the fact that in multimode propagation, the signal travels faster in some modes than it would in others. a. Losses c. fiber optic cables b. Dispersion d. tension 7. ___________ in optical fiber result from attenuation in the material itself and from scattering, which causes some light to strike the cladding at less than the critical angle. a. Losses c. fiber optic cables b. Dispersion d. tension 8. Optical emitters operate on the idea that electromagnetic energy can only appear in a discrete amount known as a _______ . a. Photons c. electrons b. Quantum d. LED 9. ________ generate coherent, intense light of a very narrow bandwidth. a. Relays c. switches b. Optical detector d. laser diodes 10. The creation of electron-hole pairs due to the absorption of a photon of incoming light may set off avalanche breakdown, creating up to ______ more pairs. a. 10 c. 100 b. 1000 d. 10000

II. Fill in the blanks

1. The _____________________________ of the cladding is less than that of the core, causing rays of light leaving the core to be refracted back into the core. 2. Optical fibers work on the principle of ________________________ . 3. The ___________________________ is twice that given by the numerical aperture. 4. Multimode propagation will cause____________________ , which results in the spreading of pulses and limits the usable bandwidth. 5. Graded-index fiber has ___________________ than a multimode step-index fiber. 6. One form of intramodal dispersion is called ________________________ because it depends upon the material of the core. 7. Dispersion ________________ with the bandwidth of the light source. 8. Bending the optical fiber too sharply can also cause ___________ by causing some of the light to meet the cladding at less than the critical angle. 9. 10. A ___________ is a permanent connection and a ____________ is removable.

III. Enumeration
Advantages of optical fiber 1. 2. 3. 4. Two basic types of fiber-optic cable 1. 2. Typical optical emitters include: 1. 2. Good connections are more critical with single-mode fiber, due to its 1. 2.

IV. Problem Solving

A fiber has an index of refraction of 1.9 for the core and 1.6 for the cladding. Calculate: 1. 2 for 1 = 45 57. 11 2. 2 for 1 = 30 36.42 3. 1 for 2 = 15 12.59 A fiber has an index of refraction of 2.5 for the core and 2.3 for the cladding. Calculate: 4. Numerical aperture 5. Maximum angle of acceptance

Key to Correction

I. Multiple Choice
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B C D A C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Material dispersion Increases Losses Splice Connector

II. Fill in the blanks

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Index of refraction Total internal reflection Angle of acceptance Dispersion Less dispersion 1. 2.

III. Enumeration
Advantages of optical fiber 1. Greater bandwidth than copper 2. Lower loss 3. Immunity to crosstalk 4. No electrical hazard Two basic types of fiber-optic cable 1. Loose tube cable 2. Tight- buffer cable Typical optical emitters include: Light-Emitting Diodes Laser Diodes Good connections are more critical with single-mode fiber, due to its 1. Smaller diameter 2. Numerical aperture

IV. Problem solving

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 57. 11 36.42 12.59 0.9798 78.46