MPEG-1: Initial video and audio compression standard.

Later used as the standard for Video CD, and includes the popular Layer 3 (MP3) audio compression format. MPEG-2: Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. Used for overthe-air digital television ATSC, DVB and ISDB, digital satellite TV services like Dish Network, digital cable television signals, SVCD, and with slight modifications, as the .VOB (Video OBject) files that carry the images on DVDs. MPEG-3: Originally designed for HDTV, but abandoned when it was realized that MPEG-2 (with extensions) was sufficient for HDTV. (not to be confused with MP3, which is MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3.) MPEG-4: Expands MPEG-1 to support video/audio "objects", 3D content, low bitrate encoding and support for Digital Rights Management. Several new higher efficiency video standards (newer than MPEG-2 Video) are included (an alternative to MPEG-2 Video), notably: MPEG-4 Part 2 (or Advanced Simple Profile) and MPEG-4 Part 10 (or Advanced Video Coding or H.264). MPEG-4 Part 10 may be used on HD DVD and Blu-ray discs, along with VC-1 and MPEG-2. MPEG-7: A multimedia content description standard. MPEG-21: MPEG describes this standard as a multimedia framework. MPEG-A: Multimedia application format. MPEG-B: MPEG systems technologies. MPEG-C: MPEG video technologies. MPEG-D: MPEG audio technologies. MPEG-E: Multimedia Middleware.

IEEE 802.1 Bridging (networking) and Network Management IEEE 802.2 Logical link control (inactive) IEEE 802.3 Ethernet IEEE 802.4 Token bus (disbanded) IEEE 802.5 Defines the MAC layer for a Token Ring (inactive) IEEE 802.6 Metropolitan Area Networks (disbanded) IEEE 802.7 Broadband LAN using Coaxial Cable (disbanded) IEEE 802.8 Fiber Optic TAG (disbanded) IEEE 802.9 Integrated Services LAN (disbanded) IEEE 802.10 Interoperable LAN Security (disbanded) IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) IEEE 802.12 demand priority (disbanded) IEEE 802.13 Not Used IEEE 802.14 Cable modems (disbanded) IEEE 802.15 Wireless PAN IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth certification) IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee certification) IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (WiMAX certification) IEEE 802.16e (Mobile) Broadband Wireless Access IEEE 802.17 Resilient packet ring IEEE 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG IEEE 802.19 Coexistence TAG IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handoff IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network

ITU-T A Organization of the work of ITU-T B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification C General telecommunication statistics D General tariff principles E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors F Non-telephone telecommunication services G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks H Audiovisual and multimedia systems I Integrated services digital network J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals K Protection against interference L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits O Specifications of measuring equipment P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks Q Switching and signalling R Telegraph transmission S Telegraph services terminal equipment T Terminals for telematic services (i.e. fax) U Telegraph switching V Data communication over the telephone network X Data networks, open system communications and security Y Global information infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects and next-generation networks Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems

GPRS - data rates from 56 up to 114 kbit/s - uplink: 14 kbps EDGE - data speeds up to 236.8 kbit/s (with end-toend latency of less than 150 ms) for 4 timeslots (theoretical maximum is 473.6 kbit/s for 8 timeslots) in packet mode Bluetooth - operates at 2.4 GHz - effective range of is 32 feet (10 meters) Zigbee -data rates of 250 kbps @2.4 GHz, 40 kbps @ 915 MHz, and 20 kbps @868 MHz. WiFi - operate within the 2.4 GHz ISM band
WiMAX

- 45 m for indoor, 90 m for outdoor - 50 km theoretical range 3-5 miles (5-8 km) practical range - 11/54 Mbps - 500 kbps to 2 Mbps

Blu Ray

Type Standard disc size Mini disc size

Physical size

Single layer capacity

Dual layer capacity 50 GB (46.56 GiB) 15.6 GB (14.53 GiB)

12 cm, single 25 GB (23.28 sided GiB) 8 cm, single sided 7.8 GB (7.26 GiB)

Drive speed 1 2 4 6 8* 12**

Data rate Mbit/s MB/s 36 72 144 216 288 432 4.5 9 18 27 36 54

Write time for Blu-ray Disc (minutes) Single Layer 90 45 23 15 12 8 Dual Layer 180 90 45 30 23 15

DVD

Designation DVD-1 SS SL DVD-2 SS DL DVD-3 DS SL DVD-4 DS DL DVD-5 SS SL DVD-9 SS DL DVD-10 DS SL DVD-14 DS DL/SL DVD-18 DS DL Type

Sides 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

Layers Diameter Capacity (total) (cm) (GB) (GiB) 1 2 2 4 1 2 2 3 4 Bytes GB 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 1.46 2.66 2.92 5.32 4.70 8.54 9.40 1.36 2.47 2.72 4.95 4.37 7.95 8.74

12 13.24 12.32 12 17.08 15.90 GiB

Sectors

DVDR SL 2,298,496 4,707,319,808 4.71 4.384 DVD+R SL 2,295,104 4,700,372,992 4.70 4.378 DVDR DL 4,171,712 8,543,666,176 8.54 7.957 DVD+R DL 4,173,824 8,547,991,552 8.55 7.961 Data rate (Mibit/s) (MB/s) 10.55 21.09 27.43 42.19 63.30 84.38 126.60 168.75 189.90 211.00 1.35 2.70 3.51 5.40 8.10 10.80 16.20 21.60 24.30 27.00 ~Write time (min) SL 61 30 24 15 11 8 6 4 3 3 DL 107 54 42 27 18 14 11 7 5 4

Drive speed 1 2 2.6 4 6 8 12 16 18 20