Steam Relief (Time History) Example

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example
The following example demonstrates the procedure to analyze a typical steam relief model by automatically calculating the thrust loads and the resulting transient shock load on the safety valve piping system using the time history analysis. Problem Definition Calculations Definition of the Steam Relief Example in AutoPIPE AutoPIPE Steam Relief (Time History) Report

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Problem Definition: Steam Relief
A boiler steam system is shown below with a 8" saturated steam line connected to a 11.5' x 1.97" steam drum. A 4" safety relief valve (4" inlet / 6" outlet) with a 8" non-integral vent discharge line is mounted on the steam line. The pressure in the system starts to rise and the relief valve opens and remains open for one second before closing. The steam relief utility will be used to automatically generate time history point load cases (*. THL) and time history loads (*.TIH) which will be then used to perform the time history analysis (stored in *.TIM files).

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

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Calculations: Steam Relief
The following calculations/methods are used in determining Steam Relief values and properties: Determine pressure and velocity at piping/vent interface point Calculate maximum operating pressure at the valve exit Calculate reaction force at piping/vent interface point Calculate the thrust at the cent exit discharge point (non-integral/open discharge system)

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

Determine pressure and velocity at piping/vent interface point.

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where:

W A1 A2 A3 ho J gc a b

Mass flow rate (17.26 lb/sec) Pipe inside area at pipe/vent inlet interface point(28.89in) Pipe inside area at vent inlet (50.03in) Pipe inside area at vent exit (50.03in) Stagnation enthalpy at the valve inlet (1200 Btu/lbm) Joule-Thompson coeff. (778.16 ft-lbf/Btu) Gravitational constant, 32.2 lbm-ft/lbf-sec^2 823 Btu/lbm 4.33

Refer to the Steam Relief Analysis section of the appendix for steam quality factors)

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Calculate maximum operating pressure at the valve exit
AutoPIPE automatically calculates the value of f (L/D) (where the friction factor, f = 0.013) from the relief valve exit to the pipe/vent interface point. The ratio (P/P*) is then determined from Chart 1 of ASME B31.1 Appendix II. In this example we estimate f (L/D) as:

L/D for 6" sch 40 pipe L/D for 6" sch 40 SR B/W Elbow (L/D) f (L/D) From chart 1, (k=1.1): (P/P*)

= = = = =

2(0.66-0.5)12 / 6.065 20 20.63 0.268 1.43

0.63

Maximum operating pressure at the valve exit, P1a

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

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Calculate reaction force at piping/vent interface point
Reaction Force, F1

F1

Pa

14.7 psia (i.e 1 atmosphere pressure for open discharge).

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Calculate the thrust at the vent exit discharge point (Non-integral / open discharge system)
AutoPIPE automatically calculates the factor f (L/D) for the vent piping from the vent inlet to exit points. In this example we estimate f (L/D) as:

L/D for 8" sch 40 pipe = 5.91*12 / 7.981 f (L/D) From chart 1, (P/P*) = = = 8.89 0.1155 1.27

a) Pressure at the vent pipe exit, P3

P3

Note: This exit pressure is below atmosphere and therefore P3 should be set to 14.7 psia.

b) Maximum operating pressure at the vent pipe inlet, P2

P2

Velocity at vent exit, V3 = V1 = 1570.5 ft/sec

From Chart 1, the ratio (V/V*) is determined for the value of f (L/D) = 0.1155 and specific heat ratio, k=1.1.

From chart 1,

(V/V*) = 0.80

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

c) Velocity at vent inlet, V2
V2

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d) Check the blow-back condition for non-integral open vent systems

Hence the above condition is satisfied and steam blow-back will not occur. We have chosen to resize the vent pipe and since the above inequality is satisfied no further vent pipe sizing is necessary.

e) Calculate Loads on the Vent Pipe.

Thrust force at vent pipe inlet, F2

F2

Thrust force at vent pipe exit, F3

F3

The thrust force, F3 at the vent exit is along the direction, in this case along the vertical Y-axis.

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Executing Steam Relief Example (ap50sr1)
This section illustrates the steps required to define and perform a Steam Relief and Time History analysis in AutoPIPE. Follow the text and enter data into the input boxes exactly as shown and described in each of the following steps. The steps shown are configured for AutoPIPE for Windows. 1. Open AutoPIPE, then select File/Open and load the Steam Relief file AP50SR1. A working model of a saturated steam line connected to a steam drum is displayed as shown below.

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

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2.

Select Load/Steam Relief to display the Steam Relief dialog . Select C02 as the "Valve exit point," then specify an open discharge (O) in the "[O]pen /[C]losed Discharge" field. Input C04 in the "Pipe/Vent Interface point" field, then input D00 and D01 in the vent "Inlet" and "Outlet" fields, respectively. Next, set the "Vent discharge direction" to Global Y, and enable the "Size Vent" option. The "Manifold Pressure" field is disabled because it is only applicable for closed discharge systems. Input 1200 in the "Enthalpy" field. Input 2 in the "Quality" field for saturated steam (refer to the Determine pressure and velocity at interface point discussion in the appendix for more information). Input 1.1 in the "Sp. Heat Ratio" field for saturated steam (refer to Table G-2 in the appendix). Input 17.26 in the "Mass Flow Rate" field. Under the following "Time-sec" fields, enter 0 for the "Start" and 0.1 for the "Rise" and "Fall." Input 1.0 in the "Open" field. Finally, enable the "Generate report" option. AutoPIPE automatically creates a Force-Time history file (C04.TIH) and a time history point load file (C02.THL) for steam relief case C02.

3. Select Load/Time History Location to display the Time History Location dialogs for Steam Relief case C02. Although these dialogs can be
modified, editing is not necessary using the Steam Relief analysis. Press Cancel. The following ASCII file, C02.THL, is created. Although not necessary for the steam relief analysis, it may be edited using a text editor.

AP50SR1 1 C04 C04 1.000 0.000 -1.000 0.000 0.00000 4. Select Load/Time History Profile to display the Time History load dialog . A force-time history file can be displayed or modified. The
following is the force-time history called C04 (i.e. pipe/vent interface point C04 of Steam Relief case C02). Press Cancel. The following ASCII file, C04.TIH, is created with Time (1st column) in seconds and Force (2nd column) in lbf. (Refer to the discussion on Performing a Linear Static Analysis for additional information). The 4 refers to 4 lines of data, and 5 refers to force units.

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

Force vs time history for steam relief event - C02 4 5 0.00000 0.000 0.10000 1064.535 1.10000 1064.535 1.20000 0.000

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Steam Relief Step 4 Notes

5. Select Tools/Model Options/Edit to display the Edit Model Options dialog. To accurately capture the higher and intermediate natural

frequency modes (applicable for impulse loading such as Steam Relief), the mass discretization algorithm should be invoked. This is achieved by entering A (for automatic) in the "Mass points per span" field and entering a cutoff frequency at least equal to the Modal analysis cutoff frequency (e.g. 150 Hz). that this number may have to be increased if the cutoff frequency is not reached). Enter a "Cutoff frequency" of 150 Hz (note that for larger piping systems, higher modes may be present). Use the defaults of NONE in the "Pressure stiffening case" field, and enable the "Include contents" option. Press OK. Note: A dialog will appear asking, "Do you want to analyze the model?" Press the Yes button, and Modal should be enabled while all others are disabled. Press the OK button. The modal analysis must always be run before a Time History analysis.

6. Select Load/Dynamic Analysis/Modal Tab to display the Modal Analysis dialog . Enter 100 in the "Maximum number of modes" field (note

7. Select Load/Dynamic Analysis/Time History Tab to display the Time History dialog in which the number of load cases is specified. The first
time this dialog is displayed, case no. 1 is already populated for one time history case (M1) to be analyzed (press the New button for additional cases M2 and M3). Press OK.

8. Select Load/Dynamic Analysis/Time History Tab. The Time History analysis dialog is displayed. Verify case no. 1 settings. The "Ground

Motion" field is disabled. Select File1 = C02 from the "Filenames" selection list. Next enter 1.2 in the "Duration" field. Note that the "Analysis Steps" and "Output Steps" fields contain a value of "Automatic" (meaning that AutoPIPE calculates a time step = 1/10 of the shortest period at the highest mode). The output step should normally be set equal to the analysis step to ensure the highest response is reported. Only the analysis "Time Steps" affect the accuracy of the results. The "Number of Time Steps" is automatically shown as 1634 (i.e. Duration = Number of analysis time steps analysis time step; hence time step = 0.737ms). Enter 2 for the "Damping Ratio (%)". Press OK. Note: A dialog will appear asking "Do you want to analyze the model?" Press the Yes button. The "Modal" and "Time History" options should be enabled, while all other options are disabled. Press the OK button.

Steam Relief Step 9 Notes

9. Select Result/Displacement . When the Deflected Shape dialog appears, specify M1 as the load combination. The following displacement
profile for the Steam Relief event C02 is displayed.

10. Make C04 the active point, then press F3 to display the results.

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Steam Relief (Time History) Example

11. Select Quit to return to the Main Menu. 12. Select Tools/Model Input Listing and turn on only the loads summary sub-report.

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13. Select Result/Output Report , then enable the Displacement, Restraint, Model listing, Result summary, Analysis summary, and Steam relief options and press OK.
This concludes the modeling of the Steam Relief example. The result file you have just created should match the results shown below. Click here to view the AutoPIPE Steam Relief (Time History) Report.

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