Preposition For Advance Level

about
about [ bwt] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word that refers to different sides or aspects of something from some point of orientation prep a book about a dog
1. prep in connection with: in connection with or relating to think about problems 2. prep approximately: close to in number, time, or degree inviting about fifteen people 3. prep doing or attending to: with or in an activity go about your business 4. prep, adverb U.K. at hand: somewhere in a place or on a person I don't have any cash about me. She must be about. I saw her a minute ago. 5. adverb all around: on every side of or all the way around
"He proceeded to the banks of the Hudson, and looked about among the vessels." (JULES VERNE Around the World in 80 Days 1873)
6. adverb adds emphasis: used to emphasize a statement, usually when expressing impatience or anger (informal) Well, it's about time you showed up! 7. adverb
SAILING to opposite tack: on or to the opposite tack
8. prep, adverb
U.K. Same as around (sense 5) (sense 11) (sense 13) (sense 14)
[ Old English onbtan "on or around the outside of" < on (see on) + btan (see but)] be about to have something as an essential characteristic or be fundamentally equivalent to something Being successful is all about energy, drive, and commitment. be about to to be on the point of doing something The game was about to start. be what something or somebody is (all) about to be what something or somebody involves or has as a purpose (informal) not about to used to emphasize that somebody is certainly not going to do something (informal) I'm not about to apologize!
Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
above
above [ bv] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating a position directly overhead, on top of, or higher than something prep The bird flew up above the trees. adverb gazing at the sky above
1. prep over: over, higher than, or on top of hanging over the fireplace 2. prep, adverb more than: greater than an amount or level 100 pounds above the ideal body weight 3. prep, adverb superior to: higher in status or power A general is above a colonel. 4. prep too good for: too good or important to be affected by or involved in something They felt they were above small town gossip. 5. prep beyond: not subject to something negative such as criticism or reproach
"He wanted her to know that here too his conduct should be above suspicion." (GEORGE ELIOT Middlemarch
1872) 6. prep in more respected position than: in a position that is valued more or considered more important than other people or things We put your needs above everything else. 7. prep too difficult for: outside or beyond somebody's understanding The lecture was completely above me. 8. prep louder than: louder than or over another sound She couldn't hear him above the roar of the band. 9. prep north of: lying north of a place a small town just above Seattle 10. prep upstream from: lying upstream from a place 11. adverb, adjective in previous place in writing: appearing previously in a piece of writing (often used in hyphenated compounds) using the information from the table above 12. adverb
RELIGION in heaven: to or in heaven (literary)
13. adverb on top: overhead, in a higher position, or on top
[ Old English abufan < an (see on) + bufan "above" < Indo-European] above all used to indicate the most important thing or the main point of a statement
across
across [ krwss, krss] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that somebody or something is on the opposite side of something or moves or reaches from one side to the other prep I live across the street from you. adverb a bridge wide enough to walk across
1. prep in spite of boundaries: in such a way that boundaries or borders are transcended united across cultures 2. adjective, adverb so as to cross something: in such a way as to intersect or form a cross with something placed one board across the other 3. prep throughout: all over something or somewhere all across the state 4. adverb measured in width: as measured from one side of something to the other about an inch across 5. adverb horizontally on crossword: in a horizontal position in a crossword puzzle couldn't find the solution to 3 across See also down1 (sense 18)
[13th century. < Old French croix or en croix "transversely" < Latin crux "cross"]
after
after [ftr]
prep
1. later than: later in time than 2. behind: behind in order or place 3. in pursuit of: in pursuit of or looking for 4. regarding: about or regarding 5. following from: subsequent to and considering 6. like: in imitation or in the manner of a painting after the style of Czanne
7. agreeing with: in agreement with or in conformity to 8. past hour of: later than a particular hour a quarter after seven
adverb
1. later: later in time or place 2. NAUTICAL AVIATION farther back: farther toward the rear of a ship, submarine, or aircraft
conjunction
following time when: following a time when, and sometimes as a result You'll miss me after I've gone.
adjective
1. subsequent: later in time 2. NAUTICAL AVIATION rear: situated farther toward the rear of a ship, submarine, or aircraft
[ Old English fter. Assumed to be a comparative form, "farther away" < Indo-European, "away, off"] after all 1. used to emphasize something that should be taken into consideration in spite of what has happened or been said 2. used to show that in the end something happened, was done, or was recognized in spite of expectations to the contrary or efforts to prevent it
against
against [ gnst] CORE MEANING: a preposition indicating opposition to or conflict with somebody or something, either physically or intellectually prep a battle against cancer
prep
1. in competition with: with somebody or something as an opponent in a competitive situation, especially in sports Iowa against UCLA in the Rose Bowl 2. in contact with by leaning: in a position such that part or all of something touches another object or surface, by leaning or resting on the side of it I leaned against a tree. 3. into sudden contact or collision with: so as to briefly touch or suddenly collide with a usually stationary object while in movement banged his head against the beam 4. in opposite direction to: in the opposite direction to the movement, angle, or position of something or somebody to swim against the current 5. seen in contrast with: seen in contrast with physical surroundings The dark green pines are lovely against the blue sky. 6. in relation to events: in relation to, or contrasted with, a set of events or circumstances
Government action makes sense against the background of rising tensions. 7. as protection from: in order to prevent or avoid something, or to be protected from something vaccinate against disease 8. in payment of: in partial or total payment of, or as a charge on I'd like to put this money against the amount I owe you. 9. as disadvantage to: to the disadvantage of somebody or something Will you hold it against me if I don't come to your party? 10. compared with: in comparison with something weighed the cost of hiring someone against that of promoting existing staff 11. contrary to: contrary to, or not approved or allowed by somebody or something It's against the law. 12. in preparation for: in preparation for something, usually an expected unpleasant event (dated) to save against hard times
[14th century. < again + adverbial suffix -es + -t, after such words as amidst]
along
along [ lwng] CORE MEANING: a preposition indicating that something is situated or moves over all or part of the length of something came racing along the path
1. prep parallel with: following a course or line parallel with or beside freighters sailing along the coastline 2. adverb with somebody: with you, with somebody, or with the rest of the group when going somewhere I asked if I could come along. Next time you come, bring your guitar along. 3. prep similar to: in accordance with or similar to new questions along the same lines 4. adverb forward: forward, onward, or in a particular direction Move along there! 5. adverb at or to place: arriving at or coming or going to a place There'll be a bus along in a minute.
[14th century. < Old English andlang "against the long" < lang "long"] along with together with, or as well as
among
among [ mng] or amongst [ mngst] CORE MEANING: a preposition indicating that something or somebody is surrounded by people, things, ideas, or circumstances You're among friends here.
prep
1. of group: belonging to a particular group or class Her carvings are among the world's finest. 2. in group: in or by a particular group a widely-held notion among physicists 3. between group members: by, between, or to each person or thing in a group divided among six of us 4. in addition to: in addition to other things or people The photos showed, among other things, a birthday party.
[ Old English on (ge)mong < on "in" + (ge)mong "crowd" < Indo-European] See between.
around
around [ rwnd] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to indicate that something surrounds a place or object or is situated on or moves from place to place on all sides of it prep She came in and looked at the mess all around her. prep A crumbling wall still stood around the old town. adverb From this spot you could see the countryside for miles around.
1. prep to other side of: moving or looking to the other side of There is a drugstore around the corner. 2. prep surrounding: so as to surround or be on all sides of a belt around his waist A crowd gathered around them. 3. prep, adverb turning on axis: revolving round a center or axis prep satellites moving around the planet 4. adverb, adjective alive or existing: present, alive, or in existence (informal) What's amazing is that nearly everyone from that era is still around. 5. prep, adverb
in all directions: situated, moving, or happening in all directions from a central point of reference adverb The area was built up for several miles around. 6. prep regarding: with regard to There is a great deal of anxiety around the issue of change. 7. prep near: in the near vicinity of She lives around the Boston area. 8. prep so as to avoid: so as to sidestep or otherwise avoid something unpleasant or difficult finally found a way around the problem 9. prep, adverb to everyone: to all members in a group, from person to person adverb passed the plate of sandwiches around 10. adverb to reversed position: in or to a different or the opposite direction wheeled around and jogged off 11. adverb present: in existence since computers have been around 12. adverb, prep in various places: positioned here and there There were vases of flowers around the room. 13. adverb, prep at hand: in the vicinity, sometimes with no definite purpose or intent lounged around in the hotel lobby Is the boss around? 14. adverb, prep in various directions: from place to place in different directions or in no particular direction rushing around 15. adverb in circulation: available, prevalent, or in circulation There's lots of illness around at the moment. 16. adverb, prep approximately: close to in number, time, or degree around $600 a month
[13th century. < a-1 "on" + round1, probably after Old French a la reond "in the round, roundabout"] have been around to have had enough experience of life and the ways of the world not to be easily deceived (informal)
at 1
at [stressed, at unstressed, t] CORE MEANING: a preposition used to indicate general position or location. In order to be more precise about exact physical location, other prepositions such as "on," "over," "under," and "by" are used instead. a conference at the school Someone's at the door. I work at home.
prep
1. attending: attending regularly not at school yet 2. from interval of: used to describe the position of something by indicating its distance or angle She followed them at a distance. 3. indicates when something happens: used to indicate the time or age when something happens Lunch is at noon. 4. during event: while present during an event had a good time at the carnival 5. indicates rate or frequency: used to indicate the rate, frequency, level, or price of something driving at 65 miles per hour 6. toward: to or in the direction of somebody or something He glanced over at her. 7. as reaction to: used to indicate what somebody is reacting to amazed at what had happened 8. in stated activity: used to indicate an activity or subject that a judgment about somebody relates to an expert at windsurfing 9. in condition or state: indicating the condition or state that somebody or something is in at risk of infection 10. doing: engaged or occupied in hard at work 11. in manner of: used to indicate how something is done set off at a run 12. indicates repeated actions: used to indicate the object of a repeated action She just picks at her food. 13. according to somebody's wishes: in response to or based on somebody's wish or decision Spend this money at your discretion. 14. Caribbean at or to the house of: used to indicate location at somebody's house I'm living at my aunt. I'm going at Eugene.
[ Old English t < Indo-European] at all in any way, to any extent, or under any conditions don't like it at all at that 1. in addition It was a coincidence, and a happy one at that. 2. nevertheless, or in spite of something else It just might work at that. 3. at a specific point or place I think we'll leave it at that for today.
where it's or something is at where all the action and excitement is happening (slang) The symbol @ means "at," and until the 1990s it was mainly used in commercial or technical contexts: 25 lbs @ $3.50 per lb;150 miles @ 30 mph. Its most familiar use today, however, is in e-mail addresses, where it usually comes between the user's personal screen name and the domain name of his or her organization or Internet service provider: rtjackson@scotrack.com.
before
before [bi fwr] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that a point in time, event, or situation precedes another in a sequence prep We try all of the products before deciding to stock them. conjunction We lost a lot of manufacturing jobs in the 12 years before I became
president. conjunction She died at the hospital before her parents could reach her side. adverb They had left the subway terminal perhaps twenty minutes before. adverb He has had this nightmare before.
1. prep, conjunction, adverb earlier: earlier than a date, time, or event
2. prep, conjunction indicates sequence: used to indicate a sequence of actions, one preceding the other and closely connected with it 3. prep in presence of: in the presence of a person or body of people spoke before a huge crowd 4. prep with more importance than: indicating that one thing is preferable to or more important than another Their needs come before yours. 5. prep indicates location: located close to something but just ahead of it 6. prep ahead of: stretching ahead of somebody 7. adverb previously: on a previous occasion 8. conjunction rather than: used to indicate that somebody would prefer to do one thing rather than what he or she considers to be a worse thing I'll die before I'll tell you anything about it.
[ Old English beforan < Germanic]
behind
behind (plural behinds) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that somebody or something is in or is going toward a position at the back or rear of something prep From behind the door we heard country music. prep She was behind the wheel, and I was in the back. adverb Their car was hit from behind. adverb She had to go back because she'd left her money behind.
1. prep, adverb at back of: in or toward a position farther back or at the rear of something 2. prep, adverb following: following somebody or something 3. adverb in debt: in debt, or in arrears on a payment months behind on the payments 4. adverb remaining: used to indicate that somebody or something is left after another's departure was left behind 5. prep in past: indicates that an achievement or experience happened in the past My best days are behind me. 6. prep later than: indicates that something is not as far advanced as it should be seven weeks behind schedule 7. prep causing something: causing or being responsible for something the reason behind it 8. prep supporting somebody: backing or supporting somebody I'm behind you all the way on this issue. 9. prep underneath: underneath the external appearance of somebody or something Behind his calm exterior, he was very confused. 10. noun buttocks: somebody's buttocks (informal) 11. noun one point scored: in Australian Rules, a single point scored as a result of the ball being kicked between the goal post and the behind post, hit against a goal post, or punched or handled over the goal line
[ Old English behindan < hindan "from behind" < Germanic] get behind somebody or something to give somebody or something strong support The whole community needs to get behind this airport protest. put something behind you to ensure that something unpleasant can no longer affect you detrimentally
below
below [bi l] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating a position beneath or lower than something prep a river below the town adverb on the shelf below
1. prep, adverb in lower grade: at or to a level, standard, or grade that is lower than that specified or understood animals ranked below humans below average 30 degrees below 2. adverb further down: lower down or later on in a text, especially on the same page see below on page 29 below 3. adverb
NAUTICAL lower than deck: on or to a level of a ship or boat that is lower than the deck
[14th century. < earlier form of by1 + low1]
beneath
beneath CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating a position underneath or lower than something
1. prep, adverb underneath: in, at, or to a lower position or less superficial level than that specified or understood beneath the bed Beneath his veneer of politeness lay hostility. 2. prep, adverb lower: in, at, or to a lower level, grade, or standard than that specified or understood beneath the usual standard 3. prep too low for: too low in status or character for beneath contempt Gossiping is beneath you.
[ Old English binithan, bineothan "by or from below" < Germanic]
beside
beside
prep
1. at side of: in a position next to or alongside Sit beside me. 2. compared with: in comparison with handsome beside his brother 3. as well as: in addition to in another dictionary beside this one
[ Old English be sdan "by the side of"] beside yourself in a very excited or agitated state beside or besides? Beside is a preposition referring to physical position: Come and sit beside me. It is also used to mean "in addition to," although this can lead to confusion with the meaning "at the side of." Besides is an adverb meaning "what is more" or "in addition": It's late, and besides, the weather's too cold.; I've money to live on, and plenty more besides. It is also a preposition meaning "in addition to": There are other people involved besides us. Note that besides is inclusive, whereas except is exclusive, so that Besides Larry, we'll invite John, Jake, and Rene means that Larry is also invited, whereas They are all invited except Larry means that Larry is not invited.
between
between CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating an intermediate point between two places, people, or times prep I was standing between two other women. prep I intend to pay off my mortgage between now and 2010. adverb He worked two shifts, with an hour off between.
prep
1. to and from: from one place to another She travels between Los Angeles and Santa Monica most days. 2. together: together or in combination with Between us we should have enough money to pay for the trip. 3. indicates comparison: indicates a comparison, discussion, or relationship involving two people or groups Reconciliation was hampered by personality conflicts between company executives. 4. indicates choices: indicates two or more possible courses of action The court offers them a choice between a fine or community service.
[ Old English betwonum "by two each" < twonum "two each" < Germanic] (just) between you and me or (just) between ourselves used to indicate that you are about to reveal something confidential
between or among? Although some people insist on using among and not between when more than two items are involved, it is established usage to use between in this meaning as well, especially when among might sound too formal: They shared out the money equally between their five children. Among is never used when only two items are involved.
beyond
beyond [bee nd, bi ynd] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that something is on the other side of something else, either physically or in the abstract prep They are expanding environmental protection programs beyond the border area. prep The gift of laughter is beyond price.
1. prep, adverb after stated time: indicates that something continues after a particular time will remain the world's leading economy in the next decade and beyond 2. prep past: past a stage or situation Don't attempt to live beyond your income. 3. prep farther than: further than a particular state of mind or emotion The site has proved to be popular beyond anyone's wildest dreams. 4. prep except: indicates an exception He was incapable of any emotion beyond a certain rueful irony. 5. prep impossible for: indicates that something is impossible for somebody to do It is beyond me to describe the complexities of this problem. 6. noun the hereafter: the form of existence that some people believe the spirit reaches after death He feels that his late parents watch over him from the beyond. 7. noun what is out there: an area that lies outside what is known Humanity stands at the edge of the solar system, contemplating the beyond.
[ Old English begeondan < be form of by1 + geondan (see yond)]
but
but [stressed, but unstressed, bt]
CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used in the middle of or at the beginning of a sentence to introduce something that is true in spite of either being or seeming contrary to what has just been said I thought it was late, but it was only 9 o'clock. Not one, but two offers were received. Yes, but not now. It's true her name is Spanish, but she's actually Greek. I'm a blond, but both my mother and father have dark hair.
1. conjunction introducing opposing proposition: used to introduce a statement that disagrees with something just said, or that expresses an emotion such as surprise or disbelief at what was just said "I don't think you're qualified for the job." "But I have all the right credentials!" 2. conjunction introducing further information: used to introduce a clause or a new sentence that adds information such as background or reasoning Jeff isn't coming with us. But he doesn't like horror movies anyway. 3. conjunction except that: used to introduce a dependent clause, e.g. a reason for doing or not doing something I would have called, but I couldn't find a phone. 4. conjunction without something happening: used to indicate that something does not happen without something else happening or being the case (formal) (usually used after negatives) She never leaves home but she forgets her keys. 5. conjunction that: used to introduce a subordinate clause It's not so difficult but I can't understand it. 6. conjunction when: than or when (informal) I'd no sooner put the phone down but it rang again. 7. conjunction, prep except: used to indicate the exception to a statement just made He could do nothing but stand and watch her leave. There was nothing but a lump of moldy bread in the drawer. 8. adverb only, just, or merely: used to indicate that something happens or is true just to the extent mentioned and not more (formal) This is but one of the bread-making techniques used. He arrived but a minute ago. We can but try. 9. adverb for emphasis: used to emphasize a statement (slang) Man, but he's fast! 10. plural noun or butsobjections: objections to something (informal) Allow time to consider all the ifs, ands, or buts from the children.
[ Old English btan "outside, without, except, but" < Germanic] but for if not for, or if it had not been for but that 1. except that (archaic or formal) Nothing is important but that I see you again.
2. used as a subordinating conjunction equivalent to "that" following negative words such as "doubt" and "deny" (archaic) (follows a negative) Can but begin a sentence? Some people object to the use of but, like and, at the beginning of a sentence, regarding it as a joining word that has to have words on either side of it. This is a mistaken notion with no foundation in English structure and usage. It is, however, advisable to reserve this use for occasions when the special effect that initial position affords is needed; otherwise it can become an awkward affectation. But is not usually followed by a comma. A comma may precede but when an independent clause follows, thus: I wanted to leave early, but [not but,] the rest of the group did not. Avoid unnecessary redundancy in using but and other terms such as however together. When but is used to indicate an exception, as in No one but me has (or No one but I have) seen the document, either wording can be used, according to your interpretation of the function of but: is it a preposition, as in the first variation, or is it a conjunction, as in the second variation? Though strong cases have been made for both wordings, the prepositional wording does carry slightly more weight. You can recast the sentence as No one has seen the document but me, where its prepositional function is quite clear. See help.
by 1
by [b] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word expressing a spatial relationship, indicating that somebody or something is beside or close to somebody or something else prep standing by the window adverb A large crowd of shoppers stood by watching.
1. prep, adverb past somebody or something in space: indicates movement past somebody or something, sometimes including a brief stop (used following a verb expressing movement) He drove by his apartment building. The server strolled by, pouring us some more coffee. 2. prep along: next to or along something 3. prep through: passing through something entering by the back door 4. prep before that time: happening or required at or before a particular time reservations required by Sunday 5. prep during: happening during a particular time period By day he worked in a canning factory. 6. prep in measures of: at a rate based on a particular measure such as time, weight, or volume sold by weight
7. prep
MATHEMATICS indicates factor or divisor: used in multiplication and division to indicate a number or quantity
being multiplied, or to indicate the number or quantity that divides another What is 144 divided by 12? 8. prep
MEASUREMENTS indicates dimensions: used between the measurements of the dimensions of an object,
expressing area or volume 2 feet by 3 9. prep

MEASUREMENTS differing in amount of: used to indicate an amount, extent, or rate at which something
increases, decreases, or differs Tax rates are to be cut by 0.25 percent. 10. prep
MEASUREMENTS indicates direction: used to indicate a direction
north by northwest 11. prep in amounts of particular size: in groups or amounts of a particular size Visitors arrived by the truckload. 12. prep after same thing: used to link two identical words to indicate a progression or sequence One by one we told our stories. You can see an improvement day by day. 13. prep indicates cause: used to indicate the person or thing performing an action or causing a situation or reaction (used following a passive verb) He was hit by a ball. 14. prep indicates creator, author, or artist: used to indicate the person who wrote or created something such as a written piece or work of art written by A. A. Milne 15. prep using method or medium: used to indicate the particular mode, method, or action through which something occurs or is done traveling by ocean liner She earns a living by playing the harp. 16. prep indicates means: used to indicate the action used to achieve something (followed by a gerund) The key to attracting banks to small locales is by attracting more businesses. 17. prep in particular manner: with, in, or through a particular manner of doing something used by permission of the author 18. prep according to unchanging quality: in terms of a particular attribute or function a teacher by profession and a learner by nature 19. prep in compliance with: in order to comply with something, especially the law By law, patients must have access to their records. 20. prep at particular part: at a particular part of something, e.g. a hand or corner
held the dancer by the waist 21. adverb in name of something sacred: used to indicate something considered holy when making a solemn oath or promise By all that is sacred, I ask you to stop. 22. adverb away or aside: into a place for safekeeping for use later I spent some of the money and put some by for hard times.
[ Old English b < Germanic] by and by after a while (literary) all by yourself alone, without any company or help He did it all by himself. I don't want to stay here all by myself. by the by or by the bye used to introduce a question or piece of information that is not connected with the subject being discussed See bi-.
despite
despite
prep
1. regardless of: although it might have been prevented by something The mission blasted off today despite bad weather. 2. contrary to: indicates that something is done unexpectedly or unintentionally She blushed deeply despite herself.
[13th century. Via Old French despit "spite" < Latin despect-, past participle of despicere (see despise)] in despite of in spite of or notwithstanding (archaic)
down 1
down [down] (past and past participle downed, present participle downing, 3rd person present singular downs, plural downs) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to indicate movement or position toward a lower level or the ground prep He ran down the stairs and opened the door. prep The sheep was caught in brambles 50 ft. down the hillside. prep Tears were pouring down her cheeks. adverb I was numb from the waist down.
adverb They all watched the sun go down. adverb She pressed a button and the window slid down.
1. prep to lower level in something: toward or at a lower level in something I dropped my keys down a hole. 2. prep along: toward or at a position farther along the length of something and usually at a somewhat lower level halfway down the street 3. adverb at or to lower level: at or to a physically lower level or position down in the basement 4. adverb onto surface: out of the hand and onto a surface She calmly put her fork down. 5. adverb away from present location: to another place away from the current location or base go down to the beach 6. adverb to more southerly place: to a place in the south or to the south of the current location going down to Florida for the winter 7. adverb to or at lower amount: to or at a lower amount or price to get interest rates down 8. adverb short by particular amount: short of, having lost, or losing by a particular amount They were two goals down at halftime. 9. adverb having only so much left: having only a particular amount left I'm down to my last dollar. 10. adverb in part payment: in part payment for something or as a deposit You put 5 percent down, and pay the rest in installments. 11. adverb including everyone or everything: including everyone or everything, from highest to lowest, within a group or hierarchy of people or things, or even including the person or thing mentioned everyone from the managing editor down account for everything down to the last cent 12. adverb to later period: from an earlier to a later time or person The piano had been handed down to him by his grandmother. 13. adverb in inferior position: in or to an inferior, less free, or less privileged position or condition holding political opponents down 14. adverb to reduced condition: to a lower level of intensity or activity wind down after work 15. adverb into less solid state: into a different and less solid state
The hot butter will melt down. 16. adverb on paper: in writing on paper, as a record wrote it down 17. adverb chosen or arranged: chosen or detailed for something, or arranged or scheduled for a particular time or date We're down for two sessions next month. 18. adverb
LEISURE vertically in crossword puzzle: in a vertical position in a crossword puzzle
the solution to 10 down See also across (sense 5) 19. adverb
U.K. EDUCATION away from university: away from, or no longer at, a university down from Cambridge
20. adverb
NAUTICAL to windward: having the rudder to windward
21. adjective unhappy: unhappy and gloomy 22. adjective COMPUT not in operation: describes a computer system that is temporarily not in operation 23. adjective made in part payment: made or given in part payment for something or as a deposit a down payment on the car 24. adjective
FOOTBALL not in play: no longer in play
25. adjective
BASEBALL put out: eliminated from a game
26. adjective on ground: lying on the ground a down tree 27. adjective agreeable to something: ready and willing to do something (slang) Great! I'm down for that. 28. interjection instruction to dog: used as an instruction to a dog to stop jumping up or to lie or sit Down boy! 29. transitive verb eat or drink something: to eat food or drink liquid, especially quickly or greedily 30. transitive verb bring somebody or something to ground: to cause somebody or something to fall to the ground through being hurt or damaged 31. transitive verb FOOTBALL declare ball out of play: in football, to declare a ball as no longer in play 32. noun
FOOTBALL play made in football: in football, one of four consecutive plays within which a team must either score
or advance the ball at least ten yards
[ Old English dn(e), shortened < adn(e) "from the hill" < dn (see down3)]
be down on somebody or something to show dislike or hostility toward somebody or something, often giving him, her, or it unfair treatment (slang) be down to somebody to be the responsibility of somebody be down to something to be the result of something come down with something to become sick with something down at the heels shabby and neglected down under to or in Australia or New Zealand (informal) down with somebody or something! used to express disapproval of, opposition to, or a desire to get rid of, somebody or something
during
during
prep
1. throughout: throughout a period or event, either continuously or several times between the beginning and the end There was not even a whisper during the service. 2. at some point in period: at some point or moment within a period or event I can't remember the date, but it was during the winter.
[14th century. Present participle of obsolete dure "last" < Old French durer < Latin durus "hard"]
except
except [ik spt] (past and past participle excepted, present participle excepting, 3rd person present singular excepts) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating the only person or thing that does not apply to a statement just made, or a fact that modifies the truth of that statement prep Every house in the street except ours is painted white. prep I like all vegetables except cabbage. conjunction The fires that annually sweep over the prairies prevent the growth of timber,
except along the river courses. conjunction He dislikes the game except when he wins.
1. prep excluding: other than every house except ours 2. conjunction Same as unless (archaic)
3. transitive verb omit: to leave out or exclude somebody or something (formal) (usually passive)
[14th century. < Latin except-, past participle of excipere "take out" < capere "take"] except for apart from He had always been healthy except for an irregular heartbeat. except that with the exception of the fact that, or if it were not for the fact that The twins looked identical, except that one had dyed his hair. I would come, except that I have another engagement. except, except for, or excepting: Often the question of whether to use except or except for is a matter of indifference: We'd all seen the play except [or except for] Joe. Where the exception is closely paired with what it is an exception to, except is more usual: All of us except Joe had seen the play. Except for is used where the connection to what is being excepted is indirect, and is also more common at the beginning of a sentence: Except for that, we were in agreement. Excepting is the correct choice after not: She was the most important person in his life, not excepting his mother. See accept.
for
for [stressed, fawr unstressed, fr] CORE MEANING: a preposition indicating that something is directed at somebody, done to benefit somebody, or done on somebody's behalf Look - there's a letter for you. I'd do anything for you. The lawyer acted for some of the heirs.
1. prep aimed at: intended to be received or used by somebody, or aimed at somebody It's for you - it's a present. advice for first-time buyers 2. prep to benefit of: intending or intended to benefit somebody or something She would make any sacrifice for the cause. 3. prep on behalf of: on behalf of somebody or something Don't make excuses for him. 4. prep instead of: instead of or in place of somebody or something, sometimes mistakenly You'll have to find a stand-in for him while he's away. I took her for the boss. 5. prep in service of: in the service or employment of somebody or something She works for a large company. 6. prep toward: in the direction of
The following day, we headed for Paris. 7. prep lasting: indicating how long something lasts, continues, or extends The interview only lasted for a few minutes. There was fog for the next mile or so. 8. prep because of: indicating a reason why something happens or is done I did it for love. 9. prep designed to do: indicating the purpose of an object, action, or activity That towel is for drying your hands. 10. prep links concepts: used to link two concepts, one of which is the object of the other a cause for concern a passion for opera 11. prep in exchange for: at a cost of, or giving or receiving something in exchange got it for a few dollars 12. prep as tribute to: in honor of named for its inventor 13. prep given what is usual: with reference to the normal characteristics of something It's very warm for April. 14. prep indicating occasion: at, or planned to be at, a particular time, or on a particular occasion The meeting was scheduled for four o'clock. Will you be home for Christmas? 15. prep indicates comparison: indicating a comparison or equivalence between two things Pound for pound, the elephant's energy consumption is the lowest of all land animals. 16. prep in order to get: in order to get, achieve, have, keep, or become something Lee's hoping for promotion. He was searching for a place to sit. 17. prep despite: in spite of or notwithstanding something He enjoyed himself very much, for all his complaining. 18. prep indicates responsibility: indicating that somebody has the right or responsibility to do something I can't help you - it's for you to decide. 19. prep having same meaning as: having the same meaning as another word or phrase The everyday term for rubella is German measles. 20. prep indicates cross-reference: indicating that information can be found elsewhere For further details, consult the owner's manual. 21. adverb, prep
in support of something: in favor of or in support of something prep Who's for the motion and who's against it? adverb Ten voted for, and eleven against. 22. conjunction because: for the reason or seeing that (formal) I left in haste, for I was already late for the appointment.
[ Old English < Indo-European, "forward"] See because.
from
from [stressed, frum, from unstressed, frm] CORE MEANING: a preposition used to indicate the source or beginning of something, in terms of location, context, or time The condition can manifest itself anytime from adolescence onward. Most funding comes from the government. highlights from her latest novel You can connect to our computer network from home.
prep
1. range: used to indicate a range, either of time, amount, or things We are open from 2 to 4:30. They sell everything, from washing machines to magazines. 2. distance: used to indicate the distance between two things or places The nearest town is not far from here. 3. using: used to indicate the materials or substances something is made of built from native pine 4. cause: used to indicate the cause of or reason for something low morale resulting from staff cuts 5. restraint: used to indicate that an action does not happen or should not happen prevented from seeing her
[ Old English fram, from < Indo-European, "forward, toward"]
in 1
in [in] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that something or somebody is within or inside something prep The dinner's in the oven.
adverb I stopped by, but you weren't in.

1. prep indicates place: indicates that something happens or is situated somewhere He spent a whole year in Russia. 2. prep indicates state: indicates a state or condition that something or somebody is experiencing The banking industry is in a state of flux. 3. prep after: after a period of time that will pass before something happens She should be well enough to leave in a week or two. 4. prep during: indicates that something happens during a period of time He crossed the desert in 39 days. 5. prep indicates how something is expressed: indicates the means of communication used to express something I managed to write the whole speech in French. 6. prep indicates subject area: indicates a subject or field of activity She graduated with a degree in biology. 7. prep as consequence of: while doing something or as a consequence of something In reaching for a glass he knocked over the ashtray. 8. prep covered by: indicates that something is wrapped or covered by something The floor was covered in balloons and toys. 9. prep indicates how somebody is dressed: indicates that somebody is dressed in a particular way She was dressed in a beautiful suit. 10. prep pregnant with: pregnant with offspring The cows were in calf. 11. adjective fashionable: fashionable or popular always knew which clubs were in 12. adjective, adverb holding power or office: indicates that a party or group has achieved or will achieve power or authority voted in overwhelmingly
[ Old English < Germanic] in between between Normal light consists of a wave that vibrates up and down, side to side, and every
direction in between.
in for indicates that somebody will experience something such as a surprise or a shock Little did she know what she was in for. in on having knowledge about or involvement in something The whole class was in on the plans for the surprise party. in that introduces an explanation of a statement She's unusual for a commuter in that she's never late for work. in with associated with or friendly with a reporter perhaps too much in with the politicians to be objective
He's been getting in with a bad crowd. the ins and outs all the detailed facts and points about something I don't know all the ins and outs of the matter, but she's leaving. See into.
inside
inside (plural insides) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating the interior part of something, or the part that is enclosed by or surrounded with something adverb I opened the door and looked inside. adjective his inside jacket pocket noun I looked around the room, gnawing the inside of my cheek nervously. prep The jewels are kept inside a locked box.
1. adjective, prep within organization: happening or coming from within an organization They had inside knowledge about the takeover bid. things that were going on inside the committee 2. adverb, prep relating to inner feelings: indicating emotions that are not expressed She doesn't like to look inside and face up to what she's really like. Seeing her like that had snapped something inside him. 3. prep within particular time: done in a period of time less than the one stated (informal) We managed to completely redecorate the room inside seven hours. 4. adjective at edge of road: farthest from the center of a road 5. adjective SPORTS nearer to center of playing area: in soccer, field hockey, and other sports, describes a position nearer to the center of the field than another of the same name inside right 6. adverb in prison: serving time in prison (informal) He was inside for three years. 7. noun inner edge: the part of a road or path farthest from the center was forced to pass him on the inside 8. noun privileged access: a position that gives access to privileged information information from someone on the inside 9. plural noun or insidesANATOMY internal organs: the internal organs of the body, especially the stomach and bowels (informal)
inside of within a particular period of time (informal)
inside out with the part that is normally inside facing out know something inside out to know something extremely well inside, inside of, or within? Though the idiomatic expressions inside and inside of in the sense "within a given amount of time" are used in informal writing and conversation (We'll be finished inside of a month), the usage may be regarded as inappropriate to formal writing. Therefore, the safest choice is within, as in We'll be finished within a month.
into
into [stressed, ntoo unstressed, nt] CORE MEANING: a preposition indicating that somebody or something moves inside something, either physically or figuratively I released the balloon into the air. in case you get into difficulties I decided to go into the army. When did you go into partnership with them?
prep
1. indicates movement to inside: indicates that something or somebody moves or is moved from outside to inside or toward the inner part of something came into the house 2. indicates movement to midst of something: indicates that something or somebody moves to the middle of something and becomes part of it or is surrounded by it leaped into the water 3. indicates entry: indicates entering a state, career, or period of time burst into action went into marketing 4. indicates accidental contact: indicates coming up against something accidentally bumped into them 5. indicates change: indicates becoming a new entity, shape, or form as a result of a change or transformation turned into a frog 6. indicates result: indicates a situation resulting from somebody's persuasion talked me into going 7. indicates result of dividing: indicates the number or nature of the smaller parts that are left when something is divided divided the cake into six 8. MATHEMATICS indicates division: placed before a number being divided by another number to indicate the process of division 9 into 63 equals 7. 9. enthusiastic about: indicates interest in or enthusiasm about something (informal) really into tennis
[ Old English in(n)t < in1 + to1] in, into, or in to? In formal written English, the preposition for inward movement is into, not in: She came
into [not in] the room. We welcomed him into [not in] the family. It is sometimes
acceptable to use either in or into, but the latter is usually preferable in formal English: He put it into [or in] his pocket. Using in for into can be misleading, as in She jumped in the pool. (Did she jump into the pool, or was she already standing in the pool when she jumped?) Do not confuse into with in to - the preposition into is never written as two separate words; when the separate words in and to occur side by side, they should not be joined together: I went into [not in to] the house. I went in to [not into] get my jacket. See onto.
like 1
like [lk] (plural likes) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that two things or people are similar or share some of the same features, qualities, or characteristics; it also introduces an example of the set of things or people that have just been mentioned Vivid red phone booths, looking like London imports, stood nearby.
1. prep resembling: having a resemblance to somebody or something, or so as to have a resemblance to somebody or something She wrapped the towel like a turban on her head. He looks like the hero type to me! 2. prep such as: introduces a typical instance or an example of a particular category or type She won't go to loud places like bars. I bought things like fishing tackle and waders. 3. prep indicates characteristics: indicates qualities, characteristics, or features (often used in questions) What's it like, being a mother? When you go on like this, do you know what you sound like? 4. prep typical of: characteristic of somebody or something (often negative) It's not like him to be this late coming home. 5. prep inclined toward: having a tendency or desire to do something I felt like screaming when I found the kitchen floor flooded. 6. prep with suggestion of: as though something might happen It looks like rain this morning. 7.
conjunction
as: in the same way or manner that (informal) To ski like she does requires great athletic ability. 8.
conjunction
as if: as though or as if (nonstandard)
Butch hops out of the car like it was on fire. Like I'd tell you a secret! 9.
adverb
used as filler or for emphasis: used especially in conversation as a filler, for emphasis, to indicate possible exaggeration, or to convey uncertainty or approximation (informal) You're, like, feeling stressed today, aren't you? There were, like, hundreds of people there. She has, like, six brothers and sisters. 10.
adverb
introduces direct speech: used especially in conversation to introduce a quotation of what somebody said (nonstandard) Susan is like "It's not for me" and Brandon is like, "You had me worried" and Susan is like, "Don't worry, I'm
not going anywhere."

11. noun something similar: a thing or set of things similar to another window boxes, planters, flower pots, and the like 12. noun counterpart: one person or thing that is regarded as similar or almost identical to another Have you ever tasted the like of this cheesecake? We won't see his like again in this decade. 13. adjective alike: having exactly the same or almost identical qualities or characteristics These two cats are as like as though they were of the same litter. The new laws affect hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, and other like institutions.
[12th century. < Old Norse lkr, shortening of glkr, equivalent toOld English gelc (see alike)] like as not to a probable or likely extent (informal) Like as not he'll show up very late. like new in pristine condition (informal) looked like new like so in the manner demonstrated Spread the fabric out like so. the likes of people or things of the particular sort Such luxuries aren't for the likes of us. like as a conjunction and a filler: In writing and formal contexts, it is best to avoid using like as a conjunction meaning "as" or "as if" or "as though" when introducing a fully developed clause (i.e., one with a subject and a verb). Avoid constructions like these: It sounds like she may resign.This pizza smells and tastes like a good pizza should. Recast the sentences: It sounds as if she may resign.This pizza smells and tastes good, just the way it should. It is acceptable to use like in a comparison as long as you do not include a verb in the matter following like: She ran the company just like a tyrant. Avoid using like as a meaningless filler: "What were the main characters doing in Chapter One?" "They were, like, trying to understand the reasons why people go to war." In such contexts, like often acknowledges that what follows is not strictly accurate, either because the speaker is exaggerating or because he or she is unsure: He's like, seven feet tall. It takes like, six or seven hours. Another use of like, to introduce speech, is often heard in highly informal conversation but is considered nonstandard on any level except in fictional dialogue: She was like, "Don't worry, I'll do it."
near
near [neer] (past and past participle neared, present participle nearing, 3rd person present singular nears, comparative nearer, superlative nearest) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word that indicates that somebody or something is at or moving toward a point that is not far away in distance prep The art exhibit is near here. adverb He took a step nearer to the water. adverb as the car drew nearer adjective There must be a restaurant nearer than that. adjective Can you tell me where the nearest telephone is?
1. adverb, prep, adjective short time away: at or to a time not far away adverb as the time for her to leave drew near prep near the end of the week adjective the near future 2. adverb, adjective close: at a point that is not far away in state, resemblance, or number adverb a sensation near to fear adjective the nearest thing to a champion 3. adverb, adjective almost: almost in a particular state or situation adverb near total failure adjective living in near poverty 4. adjective, noun on left: on the left side, especially of an animal or a horse-drawn vehicle the near foreleg 5. adjective closely related: closely related to somebody 6. adjective miserly: reluctant to give or spend money (archaic) 7. verb
transitive and intransitive verb approach: to approach, or approach a particular place, time, or state The project is nearing completion. With the big event nearing, everyone was working hard.
[12th century. < Old Norse nr "nearer" < n "near"] -nearness, noun so near (and) yet so far used to express frustration or regret at failure by a narrow margin
of
of [stressed, uv, ov unstressed, v] CORE MEANING: a preposition introducing a noun or noun phrase that provides more information about a preceding word or phrase, usually, but not always, also a noun Most software has complex sets of commands and options. She let out a little squeal of delight. I'm very fond of onions. He thought of the consequences too late.
prep
1. affected by action: used to indicate the person or thing affected by or performing an action the promotion of junior staff the death of her father 2. used in measuring quantities: used after words or phrases expressing quantities to indicate the substance or thing being measured millions of dollars a herd of cows 10 gallons of oil 3. connected with: used to indicate the place that somebody or something belongs to or is connected with the president of France 4. containing: containing a particular substance a mug of coffee a busload of schoolchildren 5. taken from: used to indicate a part of something that is normally considered as a whole a slice of cake a square of fabric 6. made from: made from or used as a material to form something ruled with a rod of iron a paste of flour and water 7. indicating relationship or association: used to indicate a relationship, association, or cause I'll be thinking of you. accused of negligence 8. relating to: used after words describing feelings and qualities to indicate the person or thing they relate to He's very sure of himself. It's very kind of you to come. 9. indicating particular type: used to describe somebody or something in terms of a particular type or kind one heck of a gymnast 10. having particular quality: used to indicate a quality that somebody or something has, or the person or thing having a particular quality announcements of a general nature a musician of great talent the gentleness of his manner 11. indicating amount: used to indicate an amount, age, or value There is a limit of eight characters in a computer user name. a young boy of 12 12. on every: used to indicate a day or other period of time when an activity regularly occurs ( informal) We usually go out for a meal of a Friday.
13. before: before the hour of It was a quarter of ten before she returned.
[ Old English < Germanic] of and 've: Note that could've, should've, and would've are contracted forms of could have, should have, and would have. The 've contraction is sometimes wrongly interpreted as of, because it sounds similar: He could've [not could of] been killed. You should've [not should of] followed the instructions. It would've [not would of] been quicker to walk.
off
off [awf, of] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to indicate separation or distance between two points, especially movement away from the speaker adverb He ran off before I could stop him. prep The bottle rolled off the ledge and fell to the floor.
1. prep, adverb so as to leave: so as to come out of or leave a bus, train, or plane Check you have all your belongings before getting off the bus. He got off at the next stop. 2. prep, adverb so as to keep away from: so as to keep away from, avoid stepping on, or be at a distance from or to the side of The sign said "Please keep off the grass." I stepped off the curb. 3. prep, adverb away from work: away from work or usual duties owing to illness, holidays, or normal nonwork time trying to get time off work to visit her in the hospital I didn't see Jane - it must be her night off. 4. prep, adverb reduced by: so as to be reduced by a particular amount 10 percent off all swimwear this week She knocked $10 off for the slight stain on the sleeve. 5. prep, adverb in future: a particular distance away in the future My fortieth birthday is only two years off! 6. prep, adverb so as to remove: so as to eliminate or remove something from view The dirt should wash off easily. He was rubbing something off the board when I came in. 7. adverb to distant place: so as to be away from the present location He hopped in the car, started it up, and took off.
8. adverb away: at a particular physical distance away The nearest stop's about two miles off. 9. adverb measured: so as to be divided or measured Measure the gap, mark it off with a pencil, and cut the wood to size. 10. adverb to completion: to the point of completion We're trying to get our bills paid off. 11. adverb into particular state: into a particular state, especially an unconscious state The baby dozed off on the way over here. 12. prep abstaining from: no longer participating in or using I'm off caffeine for a week. 13. prep on diet of: using as a means of subsistence living off vegetables from our garden 14. prep leading away from: near or next to, and leading or branching away from He lives in an apartment block just off the main street. 15. prep not liking: no longer inclined toward I'm really off horror movies at the moment. 16. prep from: used to show the initiator or source of an action (nonstandard) I got these sunglasses off my sister for my birthday. 17. adverb, adjective not in operation: not functioning or in use Shall I switch the engine off? Make sure the lights are off before you leave. the off switch 18. adverb, adjective canceled: so as to be no longer taking place The deal's off. 19. adjective no longer fresh: smelling and tasting bad because of being no longer fresh We had to throw the fish away - it was going off. 20. adjective in particular condition: in a particular condition with regard to something How are you off for cash? 21. adjective not correct: in error or out of alignment 22. adjective on the right of: situated on the right side of a vehicle, farthest away from the curb 23. adjective unacceptable: not up to normal or acceptable standards (informal) He was off his game today.
24. noun
CRICKET part of cricket field: the side of the cricket field facing the batsman taking strike
[ Old English. Originally an emphatic variant of of] off and on occasionally There are two usages of off that should be avoided in formal writing. The first involves off plus of: The actors stepped off [not off of] the stage. The second problem involves the use of off after certain verbs like buy or borrow, which mean "to obtain something from a source": I bought the computer from [not off] my roommate.
on
on [on]
prep
1. indicates position: used to indicate a position above and in contact with the surface of something else sitting on the bed 2. attached to something: used to indicate attachment to or suspension from a surface or object a wooden wheel mounted on the wall 3. supporting weight: used to indicate what part of the body is supporting somebody's weight They sat there leaning on their elbows. 4. carrying something: carrying something that is therefore readily accessible I didn't have any cash on me at the time. 5. indicates location or vicinity: located in a place or situated close to or alongside a place a town on the coast of Trinidad 6. at time: used to indicate when something happens just before noon on Tuesday 7. relating to something: concerned with or relating to a particular subject, thing, or activity a talk on international relations 8. where something is available: used to indicate that some form of information or entertainment is currently available from a machine or instrument a comedy show on the radio 9. as means of functioning: used to indicate the means by which somebody or something subsists or functions animals that feed on the leaves of the trees 10. by means of something: using something as a means of transport They arrived on horseback. 11. engaged in something: engaged in an activity My assistant is away on a course. 12. according to something: used to indicate that something is grounds for a statement, way of thinking, or action allowing them to compete on an equal basis 13. in current rank or position: used to indicate somebody's current status or position in an organization or institution My sister is on the committee.
14. directed toward something or somebody: used to indicate that something is directed toward somebody or something I shone my flashlight on the inscription. 15. charged to somebody: used to indicate that the cost of drinks or a meal is charged to a particular person The drinks are on me. 16. in direct contact: in direct conflict, competition, or contact with another (informal) spent many hours in one-on-one debate white-on-white violence
adverb
1. in contact with something: in contact with, attached to, or supported by something an envelope with a stamp on 2. into condition of attachment or suspension: into a condition of being attached to or suspended from something sewing a button on 3. into operation: into the condition of operating or functioning turned the television on 4. with clothing: wearing clothes or placing clothing over a part of the body I pulled my tee-shirt on. 5. persistently: in a continuous or persistent way decided to stay on in Cambridge 6. in progress: in activity or performance at the present time or at some implied time putting a play on 7. BASEBALL indicating runner's position: in baseball, used to indicate whether an offensive player is on the bases had left three runners on 8. GAMBLING wagered: wagered as a bet put a bet on
adjective
1. taking place: happening or being performed at the present time There's nothing good on tonight. I've got a lot on at the moment. 2. arranged or planned: indicating that an activity is arranged and will happen Is the game still on? 3. functioning: indicating that a machine or device is functioning or in use There's a light on upstairs.
transitive verb (past and past participle onned, present participle onning, 3rd person present singular ons)
Malaysia Singapore switch something on: to switch on something such as a light or an electrical appliance (usually used without inflections)
[ Old English, < Indo-European] be on to be performing exceptionally well at something (slang) be on to somebody or something to have information on or be aware of the real nature of somebody or something (informal) on and off occasionally on and on in a continuous, persistent way you're on used to indicate that somebody is agreeing to do something proposed by somebody else (informal) See onto.
onto
onto
prep
1. indicates position: used to indicate that somebody or something is located on something, or moves toward it so as to be on it I splashed water onto my face. hop onto a bus shine a flashlight onto a wall loading the data onto a disk come onto the market 2. making discovery: making or about to make a discovery, often about something secret or illegal I'm really onto something big here. The police were onto them. 3. in contact: in contact with a person or organization Get onto the suppliers.
[Early 18th century. < on + to1] on, onto, or on to? Onto is usually preferable to on where movement is involved, as in I lifted the child onto [not on] my shoulders, and onto is always the better choice where on would be ambiguous: She jumped onto [not on] the platform. Unlike into, the preposition onto can be written as two separate words: He stepped onto [or on to] the sidewalk. Using onto, however, avoids the risk of confusion with the adverb on followed by the preposition to, which indicates progression and should not be joined together: We walked on to [not onto] the end of the road. Let us move on to [not onto] the next topic. See also into.
out
out [owt] (past and past participle outed, present participle outing, 3rd person present singular outs) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that somebody or something is away from a place or removed from somewhere adverb The child raced out and got back onto the bike. adverb She yanked out the weeds. adjective She's been out late every night.
1. adverb away from particular place: away from a place, especially the inside of something He reached underneath the bed and hauled out a heavy box. The child scampered out and jumped on the bike.
2. adverb outside: outside a place rather than inside It's cold out. 3. adverb in another place: in another place, usually far away She's out in Australia, I think. 4. adverb indicates end point: indicates a goal or objective achieved in the action specified by the verb Stick it out - never give up. 5. adverb existing: in existence It's one of the best albums out. 6. adverb so as to retire from play: in baseball, in such a way as to retire a batter or team, or be retired from play 7. adjective, adverb away from home: away from home or your place of work adjective He's not answering the doorbell, so he must be out. adverb She's not answering the phone; she must have gone out. 8. adjective, adverb farther away: refers to the tide when the sea moves away from the shore adjective We can cross to the island when the tide is out. adverb The tide moves out at around five o'clock. 9. adjective, adverb no longer burning: no longer alight or no longer burning adjective The fire is out. adverb The light has gone out. 10. adjective, adverb in flower: in flower adjective The daffodils are out at last. 11. adjective, adverb available: available for people to buy adjective Her new book is out in paperback. 12. adjective, adverb on strike: on strike adjective The miners have been out for a month now. adverb Several hundred workers came out in protest over the benefit cuts. 13. adjective no longer in game: unable to take part any longer in a game or sport 14. adjective considering verdict: describes a jury that is considering its verdict 15. adjective incorrect: inaccurate or incorrect Look - the figures are way out. 16. adjective unacceptable: unacceptable or not worth considering That possibility is out, I'm afraid. 17. adjective unfashionable: no longer in fashion
18. adjective intent: determined or intent on something He's just out for what he can get. 19. adjective unconscious: unconscious She was out cold. 20. adjective used up: used up or exhausted All our rations are out. 21. adjective not in government: no longer in power or office 22. adjective finished: completed or concluded before the year is out 23. adjective not operational: not in working order All the phones are out. 24. adjective retired from play: in baseball, retired from offensive play 25. adjective openly gay or lesbian: open about being gay or lesbian He isn't out to his parents. 26. interjection away from here!: a command for somebody to leave a place Out! And don't come back! 27. transitive verb expose somebody's sexuality: to expose somebody as gay, lesbian, or bisexual or reveal yourself as such The action group has outed many prominent celebrities. She outed herself to her parents last week. 28. noun way of avoiding bad consequence: a way of escaping from a predicament or avoiding the undesirable consequences of something (informal) What's my out if things go wrong? 29. noun
BASEBALL play retiring player: in baseball, a play that retires a batter or base runner
[ Old English t < Germanic] out of 1. indicates that somebody leaves a place Three men came out of the store. 2. indicates that somebody removes something from a place In her enthusiasm, she pulled the drawer right out of the desk. 3. toward the outside She looked longingly out of the window. 4. no longer available or in somebody's possession We're out of butter. 5. using as a source or material Plastic products are made out of petroleum. 6. indicates the proportion that something is true of This applies to one out of five adults.
7. indicates that somebody gains an advantage from something I think I got a lot out of the course. 8. indicates that somebody is sheltered from the weather Remember to keep out of the sun, or at least use sunblock. 9. beyond the range of a sound I called her, but she was out of earshot. 10. indicates the motivation behind an action He only did it out of spite. 11. indicates that somebody is not or is no longer in a situation A police officer warned them to stay out of trouble. out of it very drunk, or under the influence of drugs (informal) You were totally out of it last night! out with it a command to somebody to let something be known immediately Come on, what's going on? Out with it!
outside
outside (plural outsides) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating the outer surface or appearance of something noun Grill the chicken wings until the outsides are crisp. adverb The house still needs to be painted outside.
1. adverb, prep, adjective beyond the boundary of something: located on or beyond the outer surface or edge of something standing outside the circle 2. adverb, prep, adjective out of doors: in the open air rather than inside a building adverb We should head outside soon if we're going to start the barbecue. prep I'll meet you outside the post office. adjective an outside toilet 3. adverb, prep, adjective beyond immediate environment: happening, existing, or originating in places, people, or groups other than your own or those you are used to adjective It was claimed that most of the substandard work had been done by outside contractors. adverb in the world outside prep married outside her religion 4. adjective slight: slight or remote There's an outside chance we may still be able to get tickets. 5. adjective maximum: the most extreme possible or probable an outside estimate of three months to complete the job 6. adjective away from batter: passing on the side of home plate opposite the batter in baseball or softball an outside pitch
7. adjective farthest from side of road: farthest from the side of a road or the center of a race track coming up fast in the outside lane 8. prep beyond scope of: not included in the range or scope of something Such behavior is completely outside my comprehension. 9. noun exposed surface: the outer surface or appearance of something The outside of the house needs painting. 10. noun existence not in institution: existence in the community and not in an institution such as prison or a psychiatric hospital We wondered what life was like on the outside. 11. noun area farthest from side of road: the part farthest from the side of a road or the center of a race track coming up fast on the outside 12. noun heavily populated area of Canada: the most populous areas of Canada and Alaska along the coasts or bordering the lower 48 states 13. adjective SPORTS farther from center: in soccer, field hockey, and other sports, used to describe a position farther from the center of the field than another of the same name outside left
at the outside at the maximum It shouldn't last longer than three hours at the outside. outside of other than the person or thing mentioned
over
over [vr] (past and past participle overed, present participle overing, 3rd person present singular overs, plural overs) CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to indicate a position directly above something, either resting on the top of something, or above the upper surface of something with a space in between prep a framed portrait over the fireplace prep He wore a red flannel shirt over a T-shirt. prep Julia was bent over the sink washing glasses. adverb flocks of geese flying over adverb Heat the milk and pour it over.
1. prep, adverb on or to other side of: positioned on or moving to the other side of something such as a barrier, obstacle, or area of land prep To see the cathedral you need to cross over the river. adverb He climbed over into the next field.
2. prep, adverb throughout: throughout the whole extent of prep traveling all over Europe prep In the past few years, fifties diners have sprung up all over town. adverb People are the same the world over. 3. prep, adverb more than: more than a particular amount, measurement, or age prep go over your quota adverb people 30 and over 4. adverb across intervening space: positioned at, or moving to, a point on the other side of an intervening space She reached over and turned off the TV. Jim sent a couple of guys over to help out. 5. adverb so as to fall: so as to change position, especially so as to become horizontal after being upright knocked over a pile of books He rolled over and turned out the light. 6. adverb remaining: remaining or surplus after what was needed has been used There was plenty of food left over from the party. 7. adverb again: doing something again, or again from the beginning If you make a mistake you'll just have to start over. 8. prep by means of: by means of a device for communication such as a radio or telephone talk over the phone 9. prep about: indicates the cause or the subject of something grieving over the loss of her husband 10. prep affecting: indicates what is affected, influenced, or controlled by somebody or something exercising more control over file access 11. prep during: during or throughout a period of time or an occasion We can discuss this over lunch. 12. prep recovered from: indicates something, e.g. an illness, that somebody has recovered from get over a virus 13. prep in preference to: in preference to something else I'd choose steak over fish every time. 14. adjective finished: finished, or no longer in progress When all this is over I'm going on vacation. 15. interjection RADIO indicating somebody's turn to speak: used when communicating via radio to indicate that somebody has finished talking and it is the other person's turn to speak 16. noun
shot: shot that hits or explodes beyond its target 17. noun
U.S. GAMBLING score above particular number in wager: in a wager, the score above a particular number of
points, or an amount above a particular total bet the over in the playoff 18. transitive verb pass above: to pass above and across something 19. noun
CRICKET bowling of six balls: in cricket, a series of six correctly bowled balls, or the play during this
20. transitive verb BUSINESS carry agenda item forward: to postpone dealing with an item on an agenda until a later meeting
[ Old English ofer < Indo-European] over again once more over against in contrast with, or in opposition to over and above in addition to or in excess of something benefits over and above the basic salary over and done with completely finished or at an end over and over repeatedly, or a great deal
past 1
past [past] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word describing movement that involves passing or going beyond somebody or something prep Walk past the library and you'll arrive at the park. adverb She walked right past without saying a word to us.
1. prep on farther side of something: on the farther side of or beyond something the bakery past the school 2. prep, adverb later: later than a particular time It's twenty past seven. past his bedtime 3. prep beyond number, amount, or point: beyond a particular number, amount, or point, especially a point at which something can be done Do what you like; I'm past caring.
[13th century. Past participle of pass] not put it past somebody to believe that somebody is quite capable of doing something, usually something disreputable or outrageous (informal) past or passed? Do not confuse these two words. Consider these examples: He passed me at 80 mph;She is the past president of our sorority. In the first example, the past tense of the verb pass, which is passed, is required: He passed me.... In the second sentence the adjective past
("onetime, former") is required: She is the past president....
since
since [sinss] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to indicate that a situation has continued from a particular time or event in the past prep Karen has lived in London since 1988. adverb She left the firm in 1980 and has since been self-employed. conjunction He has been on a high since he got married in January.
1. prep, conjunction happening after: happening at some point or points after the period of time or event mentioned The rate of job growth is higher than under any administration since 1920. Since Ryland became commissioner in 1994, all complaints are investigated fully. 2. adverb subsequently: at some point between then and now The department had an engineer, who has since retired. 3. conjunction because: because, seeing that Since it was still light, they were allowed to play in the park.
[15th century. Contraction of obsolete sithence "then, afterward" < Old English sian (< Germanic) + -s forming adverbs] See ago and because.
through
through [throo] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to indicate movement from one side or end of something to or past the other side or end
1. prep, adverb passing across: passing from one side or end of something to the other bored a hole through the wall trying to find a way through 2. prep, adverb traveling across: traveling across or to various places in a town, country, or area He spent the summer traveling through Europe. We're not stopping long; we're just passing through. 3. prep, adverb among: in the midst of, or having things or people all around or on either side of
She wandered through the crowds milling around outside the cathedral. I'd like to browse through and see if there are any articles that interest me. 4. prep, adverb past barrier: past the limitations or difficulties of something such as a barrier or a problem the problems involved in wading through acres of bureaucracy The road has been narrowed to prevent larger vehicles getting through. 5. prep, adverb from beginning to end: from the beginning until the end or conclusion of Martin and Johanson's works will be on view through June. I can't come I'm afraid; I'm working through. 6. prep, adverb to conclusion: to completion, to a usually successful conclusion, or so as to have finished with something She sailed through the exam. They had to twist a few arms to get the proposal through. The champion, as expected, is through to the second round. 7. prep via: by way or means of I'll send you a copy through the mail. 8. prep over extent of: happening or existing over the entire extent of or affecting all of A flu of epidemic proportions swept through the town. 9. prep because of: as a result of Through his mishandling of our affairs, we'll be lucky to have any credit at all this year. 10. prep up to and including: up to and including that time Museum hours are 2-4 p.m. Tuesdays through Fridays. 11. adverb thoroughly: completely and in every part Your clothes are wet through. 12. adverb able to speak on phone: so as to establish a telephone connection with somebody We've been trying to get through all morning but the lines are busy. You're through to Ms. Spriggs. 13. adjective going directly: going directly without stopping or requiring a change The through train leaves on the hour. 14. adjective passing through something: proceeding or extending from one side or end of something to the other or through something and beyond it a through room through traffic
[ Old English urh < Indo-European, "pass through"] be through with somebody (informal) 1. to want to have nothing else to do with somebody 2. to have finished doing something, often something unpleasant, to somebody When I'm through with him, he really will have a headache! be through with something to have finished with something (informal) through and through completely
throughout
throughout [throo wt] prep, adverb
1. through whole of: through or during the whole of Societies throughout history believed they had reached the frontiers of human accomplishment. Throughout, they maintained their dignity. 2. in all parts of: happening or existing in all parts of The group is seeking experts of any age throughout the area. The house is carpeted throughout.
till 1
till [til] or 'till [til] or 'til [til] conjunction, prep
Same as until
[ Old English til "up to a particular point" < Germanic, "aim, goal"; sometimes taken as shortening of until] till or until? Both words have the same meaning and function (conjunction and preposition), and are largely interchangeable. Till is more likely to be heard in speech: Just wait till we get home! Until is more usual at the beginning of a sentence: Until we actually get on the train we won't know our destination. The spellings 'til and 'till reflect the commonly held belief that till is a shortened form of until, but till is in fact the older form.
to 1
to CORE MEANING: a preposition or adverb indicating the direction, destination, or position of somebody or something I met him on his way to school. She climbed all the way to the top.
You'll see a supermarket to your left.

1. prep indicates direction: indicates the direction or destination of somebody or something He was on his way to the party. 2. prep indicates position: indicates the position of somebody or something To the right of the door is a bulletin board. 3. prep forms infinitive: used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive of that verb I want to leave now. 4. prep indicates purpose: used with the base form of a verb to indicate the intention or purpose of an action The news agency is used to distribute information. 5. prep indicates recipient: indicates the recipient of something (used with a noun phrase to form the indirect object) Give it to me. mail sent to another user on the same computer 6. prep indicates direction of feeling or action: indicates who or what a particular feeling or action is directed toward I was very grateful to her for everything she did for me. 7. prep indicates attachment: indicates that two things are joined together Each triangle consists of three square faces joined to one another along two edges. 8. prep until: indicates that something goes on until a point in time or until it reaches a fixed amount He closes the store on Mondays and opens from Tuesday to Saturday. 9. prep indicates range: indicates a range of things or topics Medical studies have explored everything from pollution to pesticides to genetics to parental occupations to
electromagnetic fields.
10. prep indicates result of change: indicates what somebody or something is changing into or becoming Their excitement soon turned to gloom when they saw what the climb entailed. 11. prep indicates simultaneity: indicates that two things are happening at the same time, especially that a particular sound or music accompanies another action I woke up to the sound of the telephone ringing. 12. prep indicates equality: indicates equality, e.g. of two weights, amounts, or measurements There are 12 inches to the foot. 13. prep as compared with: indicates comparison between two things such as scores in a game The score was 5 to 3 in favor of our team. 14. prep before hour: indicates the number of minutes before the hour It was five to seven before they arrived home. 15. prep
Same as at1
(regional) He's over to the doctor's. 16. adverb shut or almost shut: indicates that a door is shut, or covering the opening but not completely or firmly shut He pulled the door to after him. 17. adverb conscious again: into a state of lucidity and consciousness came to in the recovery room brought the patient to 18. adverb
NAUTICAL into wind: into the direction from which the wind is blowing
turned the yacht to
[ Old English t. < Germanic] to, too, or two? Do not confuse the spelling of to, too, and two, which sound similar. To has a wide variety of uses, especially as a preposition indicating, among other things, direction or destination (as in flying to New York), position (as in standing to the right), a recipient (as in give it to me), and range (as in from A to B); it also indicates the infinitive of a verb (as in to go). Too means "in addition" or "more than is desirable": Are you leaving too?It's too cold to go swimming. Two is the number 2, as in two boys and four girls.
toward
toward [tawrd, t wwrd] or towards [tawrdz, t wwrdz]
prep
1. in particular direction: used to indicate that somebody or something is moving or facing in the direction of somebody or something else They headed off toward town. 2. shortly before: shortly before a particular time toward midnight 3. with specific audience intended: with a particular target group in mind remarks slanted toward those sitting in the front row 4. regarding: concerning or with regard to his attitude toward her 5. contributing to: as a contribution to or means of achieving something a grant toward the cost of refurbishment
[ Old English tweardes] toward or towards? In U.S. English, toward is the usual form but in British English towards is more common. The same principle applies to afterward/afterwards and to some other adverbs of direction that end in -ward, for example, backward/backwards and outward/outwards. Upward, as in moved upward, and upwards, as in increases upwards of 10 percent, are also standard. Note that related adjectives of direction always end in -ward, not -wards, as in a backward
glance or an upward trend. The adverb forwards is a seldom used variant of forward in U.S. English, and the -wards spelling of it is never used as a standard U.S. English adjective.
under
under [ndr] CORE MEANING: a grammatical word used to express the concept of being beneath or below something, e.g. in location, size, age, or price prep Johnny had the book hidden under his blanket. prep The machine is under a foot high and will fit on top of any work surface. prep This toy should not be given to children under three years old. prep It's the best meal you can get for under $10. adverb For one week only, kids five and under eat free.
1. prep below: at or to a lower level than something that rests on top or covers and protects They were sheltering under a huge umbrella. 2. prep inside: inside something that forms a covering outer layer or has an upper surface He had two sweaters on under his jacket. under the water 3. prep less than: fewer in number than something, or less than something, e.g. in age, quantity, size, or price We should be finished in under a month. There were under a hundred people at the meeting. 4. prep subordinate to: lower in rank or status than somebody or something I was under him in the company hierarchy. 5. prep subject to: subject to the control or authority of somebody or something under existing legislation working under a new boss 6. prep during rule of: during the rule of a person or government The crime rate had in fact gone down under the new mayor. 7. prep given the existence of: while something, especially conditions or circumstances, exists impossible under these conditions 8. prep in the process of: used to indicate that somebody or something is going through a particular process or experience under scrutiny under construction 9. prep using name: using a particular name, especially an assumed one
traveling under a false name 10. prep classified within: classified as or in something filed under "Miscellaneous" 11. prep planted with: planted with a particular crop a field under rye 12. prep powered by: powered or driven by something under sail 13. prep in sign of zodiac: during a period in which the Sun is in a particular position in the zodiac born under Aries 14. adverb below surface or point: at or to a point at a lower level, especially one below a surface or covering, or passing through at a lower level watched from the lifeboats as the ship went under lifted the wire and crawled under 15. adverb fewer or less: fewer or less than a previously given figure Employers with 50 employees or under are exempt. 16. adverb, adjective subservient: in or into a position of submissiveness or subservience (informal) keeping the masses under 17. adverb, adjective unconscious: in or into a state of unconsciousness or hypnosis (informal) felt myself going under
[ Old English < Indo-European]
underneath
underneath CORE MEANING: a grammatical word indicating that something is below or beneath another thing, and may be covered by it adverb I lifted up the pile of clothes, and underneath, on the floor, was a dark red stain. prep I left the key underneath the doormat.
1. prep, adverb beneath something: below or beneath something, and perhaps covered by it prep found old paint layers underneath the surface adverb I was wearing a bathrobe and had nothing on underneath. 2. prep, adverb underlying something: underlying something that is shown on the surface or openly expressed prep Underneath her confident exterior she was a very shy person. adverb There must be deeper problems underneath.
3. adverb, adjective on lower part of something: on the bottom of something or the part that faces toward the ground adverb brown with white feathers underneath adjective The underneath part is hard to reach. 4. noun lower part: the bottom part of something or the part that faces toward the ground
[ Old English underneoan < under + neoan "beneath"]
until
until [un tl]
conjunction, prep
1. up to time: up to a time or event, but not afterward conjunction I lived with my grandparents until I was ten. prep from the late 1980s until 1994 2. before: before a time or event (used in negative statements) conjunction She agreed not to write about the case until a verdict was reached. prep He did not open his mail until Monday.
[12th century. < assumed Old Norse und "till" + till1] See till1.
within
within prep, adverb
1. inside place: used to indicate that somebody or something is inside or enclosed by a place, area, or object prep goods manufactured within a country prep A natural pool lay within a grove of young trees. adverb The door was locked from within. 2. inside organization: happening inside an organization, system, or society prep keeping companies within a given industry technologically competitive adverb Much of our Internet development activity is coming from within. 3. inside yourself: inside the body or mind adverb Her new-found happiness was from within. prep He needed to find the strength within him to persevere.
prep
1. not beyond: not beyond the scope, experience, range, time, or distance of regulations requiring that all accidents be reported within 48 hours
2. inside limits of: inside the limits or rules of Try to keep within your budget and avoid overspending.
adverb
Same as indoors (literary)
[ Old English wiinnan "on the inside" < with + innan "from within"] See inside.
without
without
prep
1. not having: used to indicate that somebody or something does not have the thing mentioned left without proper tools to finish the job 2. lacking: lacking a feeling of The accused committed perjury without remorse. 3. not accompanied by: not with somebody, or not having the involvement of somebody We can't really make any decisions without him. 4. not happening: used to indicate that something does not happen or occur The bill was passed without a dissenting vote.
prep, adverb
outside: on, at, or to the outside of somewhere (archaic or literary) prep Without the town the air was fresher. adverb She knocked and waited without.
conjunction
Same as unless (nonstandard)
[ Old English witan "on the outside of," < with + tan "from the outside"] be or do without to manage in spite of not having something considered necessary or desirable a form of power he could not buy or do without

Preposition For Advance Level

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about

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

13. adverb on top: overhead, in a higher position, or on top

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English beforan < Germanic]

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[14th century. < earlier form of by1 + low1]

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English binithan, bineothan "by or from below" < Germanic]

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English begeondan < be form of by1 + geondan (see yond)]

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

expressing area or volume 2 feet by 3 9. prep

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

the solution to 10 down See also across (sense 5) 19. adverb

or advance the ball at least ten yards

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English < Indo-European, "forward"] See because.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English fram, from < Indo-European, "forward, toward"]

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

adverb I stopped by, but you weren't in.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

inside of within a particular period of time (informal)

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

not going anywhere."

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

("onetime, former") is required: She is the past president....

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

You'll see a supermarket to your left.

turned the yacht to

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English < Indo-European]

Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

[ Old English underneoan < under + neoan "beneath"]