Politics, Psychology and Sociology Tripos Part IIB 2013-14 Paper 9: The Politics of Africa Paper Guide Organiser:

Dr Alastair Fraser W4, Trinity Hall / af441@cam.ac.uk / 01223 746615 Office hours: Weds 1215-1315. Sign up: http://doodle.com/wcr89yv5d6v8iudc Lecturers / seminar leaders: Dr Fraser, Dr Timothy Gibbs, Dr Justin Pearce Lectures: M&L, Sidgwick Lecture Block Rm 3, Wednesdays, 11am-12pm Seminars: M Weeks 3, 6, 8. L Week 6. Alison Richards Building, Rm 138. Aims and Objectives To provide a broad overview of major themes in African politics and economic development, including their international dimensions. To provide opportunities for linking theoretical and conceptual arguments with in-depth analysis of case studies and close readings of official reports. To encourage multi-disciplinary approaches to the study of empirical politics. To encourage critical reflection on popular and academic representations of Africa.

Brief Description This paper explores the interaction of local and international factors that have influenced the social, political and economic trajectories of communities, states and regional organisations in Africa. While the lectures develop thematic arguments, students develop case based knowledge of a diverse range of African experiences through a series of classes and films, and are expected to demonstrate the ability to discuss the applicability and limits of competing theories in light of particular cases in supervision essays and the examination. The course, in common with much of the literature, has the ambition to talk about themes that are continental but this is no easy task. For reasons relating to history and language, a majority of the literature on Africa in English is about former British colonies. This bias is reflected in the reading list. The particular research interests of the course lecturers, the cases for classes this year are all drawn from the Southern African region: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Angola. Many other countries are discussed throughout the course and students are encouraged to explore their own interests. Mode of teaching Teaching comprises of 16 one-hour lectures, 4 two-hour classes, 4 films and 6 supervisions (3 in each of Michaelmas and Lent Terms). In Easter Term, there will be two one-hour revision lectures. All students are expected to attend all classes, to read one core text in preparation for each, and to participate in discussions. Every member of the group will also be required to lead class discussions once per term, through a brief presentation about the relevance of another reading to the debates raised in the core text. This will be organised at the first lecture each term.

Structure of the Paper The paper is divided into six parts, three in each of the first two terms. The first part considers the history of state formation, looking at African pre-colonial institutions, competing systems of colonial rule, the ideologies and strategies of anti-colonial struggle, and their legacies in the independence era. The second discusses the nature of political authority and the relationship between the state and citizens, between violence and politics in Africa. It considers the costs and benefits of viewing post-colonial African experiences through ethno-linguistic, religious and class lenses. Michaelmas Term ends with a third section, considering military entanglements between African political communities and non-African military forces, both during the Cold War and in the contemporary period. The entire Lent Term focuses on encounters between Africa and the outside world since the late-colonial period, and how they have been influenced by shifting ideologies and practices of 'international development'. It pays particular attention to interventions by Western aid donors and NGOs, looking in section four at efforts to promote liberal economic policies, and in section five at efforts to transform states, polities, societies and individual subjectivities. The course considers the aims and limits of these projects, as well as African involvement in, resistance to and negotiation with them. The final section of the course encourages students to think about what Africa means to those outside the continent, considering explanations for differentiation within the policies and perspective of the 'development community', including the recent emergence of Chinese and other 'South-South' alternatives to Western models. It considers discourses on 'Africa', produced and consumed by political elites, celebrity advocates, activists, consumers and citizens in the West. It asks, in other words, the politics of discussions about Africa in the Western world. Mode of assessment Students will be assessed through either a written examination in the Easter Term or two long essays of 5,000 words each. The examination paper will consist of twelve questions, which will address topics covered in both Terms lectures. Students must answer three questions in three hours. Candidates choosing to complete two assessed essays to satisfy assessment requirements for this paper choose two from the following list of essay questions: 1. Should Britain apologise for colonial rule in Africa? 2. Is leadership in Africa different? 3. Is it possible to make meaningful distinctions between tradition and modernity in Africa? 4. Is contemporary economic growth in Africa based on anything more sustainable than global commodity prices? 5. What sort of political parties does Africa need? 6. Can anything progressive flow from critiques of Western concern for Africa? All assessed essays must be submitted before the deadline in both electronic format and on paper. Please hand the paper copy in to the POLIS Office. Please either send the essay as an attachment to an email to <undergrad-essays@polis.cam.ac.uk> or provide it on a disk to the Department Office. Essays will not be registered as having been submitted until they are received in both electronic and paper formats. Deadlines are available from the PPS website.

Outline of Lectures, Classes and Films Michaelmas Term 2013 Section I: The emergence of African political systems 1. Africa and politics: Exception or comparator? Victims or agents? (Dr Fraser) (16/10, 11am) 2. Pre-colonial and Colonial Africa (Dr Fraser) (23/10, 11am) 3. Nationalism, decolonization and independence (Dr Gibbs) (30/10, 11am) Class: South Africa - Making Apartheid Cities and African Nationalism (Dr Gibbs) (30/10, 2-4pm) Section II: State and society in Africa 4. Mobilisation, control and violence in post-colonial Africa (Dr Fraser) (6/11, 11am) 5. Identity, ethnicity and religion (Dr Fraser) (13/11, 11am) 6. Peasants and workers, rulers and capitalists(Dr Fraser) (20/11, 11am) Class: Zimbabwe - The social bases of mobilization (Dr Fraser) (20/11, 2-4pm) Section III: Security and war in Africa 7. Africas International Relations i) The Cold War in Africa (Dr Pearce) (27/11, 11am) 8. Africas International Relations ii) Securing contemporary African states (Dr Pearce) (4/12, 11am) Class: Angola - Strategic extraversion in the Cold War and beyond (Dr Pearce) (4/12, 2-4pm) Lent Term 2014 (All Lectures and Seminars, Dr Fraser) Section IV: Building Liberal Economies 9. The development of an idea: the history of thinking about economic development (22/1, 11am) 10. Engaging the global economy: resource extraction, bilateral and multilateral trade (29/1, 11am) 11. Aid, debt, adjustment, conditionality and beyond? (5/2, 11am) Section V: Building Liberal Political Systems 12. Building liberal polities: Democracy and Democratisation (12/2, 11am) 13. Building liberal states and societies: good governance and the civil society agenda (19/2, 11am) 14. Resistance, social movements and alternatives (26/2, 11am) Class: Zambia - The dual transition in a resource dependent state (26/2, 2-4pm) Section VI: Contesting Liberal Values 15. Comparing donors, contesting values and the rise of China in Africa 16. Aid and Autobiography: the role of Africa in Western domestic politics Easter Term 2014 Revision Lectures (All Lectures, Dr Fraser) 17. African politics: Beyond heroes and villains in African historiography 18. African development: Beyond the (neo)-liberal project in theory and practice Films Dates tbc. Film: Mine Boy Film Two: Zimbabwe: Robert Mugabe - What Happened? Film Three: Why Poverty? Stealing Africa Film Four: Why Poverty? Give Us the Money

Resources The two following are basic introductory texts that come at the issues from rather different perspectives, and should be read before term starts. The series of Basil Davidson films are on youtube and are very watchable (see link in week 2 reading list). *Collier, Paul, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It, OUP 2008. *Young, Tom, Africa: A Beginners Guide, Oxford: OneWorld, 2010. These books will also be frequently referred to during the year. The first four make arguments about African politics from different perspectives, while the Alex Thompson textbook gives a useful overview of many topics. * Chabal, Patrick and Jean-Pascal Daloz. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. James Currey Publishers, 1999. * Clapham, Christopher, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Cambridge University Press, 1996. * Ferguson, James, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Duke University Press, 2006. * Herbst, Jeffrey, States and Power in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. *Thompson, Alex, An Introduction to African Politics, Basingstoke: Routledge 2010 (3rd edition) Reference material The reading list divides material into two categories. Under each of the lecture descriptions you will find lists of Core and Supplementary readings. Students are expected to read the Core readings prior to lectures, and to prepare for exams, and these are all *starred in this document. The Supplementary reading lists offer alternative takes on the issues, delve into particular aspects of the issues, and offer further case-studies. Note that many of the readings are relevant for more than one lecture or section of the course the best student work in supervision essays and exams tends to see the links between issues and to draw these out. All of the starred books should be available at either the PPS Library or the Centre of African Studies Library, ARB 4th Floor. The library website is: www.african.cam.ac.uk/library/ Many of the other texts can be found in the PPSIS Library or the Centre of African Studies Library or are accessible through the University Library electronic resources portal. Chapters or Articles available on-line via either via Camtools or the Library portal are marked OL. Discussion of African politics is vibrant and diverse, with rich crossover between scholarly debates and policy research and practice. Those wanting to follow the debates, from a variety of different perspectives, should explore the following specialist publications and academic journals (those in italics are particularly prominent; most or all are available either on-line, at the PPS library or at the Centre of African Studies library): Africa: Journal of the International African Institute African Affairs, Africa Confidential, Africa Today,

African Studies Review, African Studies Quarterly, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Development and Change, Journal of African and Asian Studies, Journal of Modern African Studies, Journal of East African Studies, Journal of Southern African Studies, Journal of African Economies, New African, Review of African Political Economy, Round Table, Third World Quarterly The following internet sites are good for news and research about Africa. The on-line resources on the Centre of African Studies are at (www.african.cam.ac.uk/library/), including links to the NIPAD database (http://biblioline.nisc.com/scripts/login.dll). A large number of articles and speeches by radical African leaders of the independence era on nationalism and anti-imperialism are available at: www.marxists.org/subject/africa/index.htm More contemporary material Pambazuka.org http://www.pambazuka.org/en/ AllAfrica.com http://allafrica.com/ Africa news online www.africanews.org/index.html BBC news http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/default.stm / http://allafrica.com/partners/bbc/focus_on_africa.ram News.Africa.Com http://www.news.africa.com Political resources.net www.politicalresources.net/africa.htm Stanford Africa guide www.sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html Afrobarometer surveys www.afrobarometer.org UN IRIN news http://www.irinnews.org World Bank http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ A note on dealing with primary materials Documents written by or for African Governments, donor agencies, activist groups, think tanks and NGOs are referenced throughout the reading list. Students should also search the web for relevant, up to date, publically available policy material about particular cases and places. This socalled grey literature often presents data and analysis in a non-contestable form, generating what sound like anodyne and technocratic policy proposals designed to appeal to common sense. Thats no reason to take it at face value - as with the scholarly literature, students should be alert to the questions of who is making an argument and why, whose interest and ideologies it reflects and serves. Nonetheless, it is not always wise to critique policy literature in quite the same terms as academic studies. Political actors tend to be self-aggrandising and not to respect standards of evidence that would be considered appropriate in the academy. Explaining why they are doing what they are doing rhetorically can be interesting, and critiquing an NGO campaign can be done insightfully, but beware knocking over straw men of criticizing a TV advert for a lack of nuance, for example. Similarly, essays that efface differences within those writing from similar institutional backgrounds, comparing the positions of donors, African Governments, NGOs and critics, as if those labels explain everything we need to know about an argument, are rarely interesting. 5

1. Africa and politics: Exception or comparator? Victim or agent? Core readings *James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, Duke University Press, 2006, Introduction pp. 1-23. *Kaplan, Robert, The Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation and Disease are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of our Planet, The Atlantic Monthly, 1994. *Jean-Francois Bayart, Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion African Affairs, no. 99, April 2000. *Lonsdale, John, African Studies, Europe and Africa Plenary Lecture at 2005 Annual AEGIS conference: http://aegis-eu.org/old/archive/ecas2005/Plenary%20Lonsdale.htm *Mazrui, Ali AlAmin, The Re-invention of Africa: Edward Said, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Beyond, Research in African Literatures, 36 (3), 2005: 68-82. Supplementary readings Chazan, Naomi, The Diversity of African Politics: Trends and Approaches. In Naomi Chazan (ed.), Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999, pp. 5-34. Engel, Ulf, and Gorm Rye Olsen, Africa and the north: between globalization and marginalization, London; New York: Routledge, 2005. Harman, Sophie and William Brown, In from the margins? The changing place of Africa in International Relations, International Affairs, 89: 1 (2013) 6987 Mazrui, Ali Al Amin, Africa's international relations: the diplomacy of dependency and change, London, Heinemann, 1977. Mazrui, Ali AlAmin, Where is Africa? in The Africans: A Triple Heritage, London: BBC Publications, 1986, Ch. 2. Mbembe, Achille, On the Postcolony, Berkley: University of California Press, 2001. Mbembe, Achille and Sarah Nuttall, Writing the World from an African Metropolis, Public Culture 16, no. 3 (2004): 347-372. Mudimbe, V.Y. The Idea of Africa: African Systems of Thought, Indiana University Press, 1994. Oyekan Owomoyela, With Friends Like TheseA Critique of the Pervasive Anti-Africanism in Current African Studies Epistemology and Methodology African Studies Review 37(3), 1994: 77101.

2. Pre-colonial and Colonial Africa Core readings *Herbst, Jeffrey, States and Power in Africa. Princeton University Press, 2000, Chs 2 and 3. *Iliffe, John, Africans: History of a Continent, Cambridge University Press, 1996. Chs. 6-10 *Young, Crawford, The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994: 1-12. *Tom Young, Africa: A Beginners Guide, Oxford: OneWorld, 2010, Ch. 1. *Ekeh, Paul, Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17/1,1975: Supplementary readings Ayittey, George (ed), Africa Betrayed, Palgrave MacMillan, 1993. Chamberlain, M.E., The Scramble for Africa, 2nd edition, Longman, 1999. Clapham, Christopher, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival, Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp 28-43. Crowder, Michael, Indirect Rule: French and British Style Africa 34 (July 1964), pp. 197-205. Davidson, Basil, Africa: A Voyage of Discovery, youtube.com/watch?v=bPTUnzLOnJU&list=PLl_tIxrH8tQxTwCZ7-sMv276Z2QqA8wAY Hodgkin, Thomas, Nationalism in colonial Africa, London: Frederick Muller, 1956. Mamdani, Mahmood, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism, Princeton University Press, 1996, Ch.s II and III. Ranger, Terrence, The Invention of Tradition in Africa, in The Invention of Tradition, Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, Canto 1996. Robinson, R, J. Gallagher and A. Denny, Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism, 2nd edition, Macmillan, 1981. Thompson, Alex, An Introduction to African Politics, Oxford: Routledge, 2010, Ch. 2. Cases Caplan, Gerald L. Barotseland's Scramble for Protection. The Journal of African History, 1969, 10: Hochschild, Adam, King Leopolds Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, Heroism in Colonial Africa. Houghton, 1998. Kenyatta, Jomo, Facing Mount Kenya, New York: Vintage Books, ch. 9, 1965. Ranger, Terrence, Revolt in Southern Rhodesia, A Study in African Resistance, Evanston: North Western University Press, 1967. 7

3. Nationalism, decolonization and independence Core readings *Mamdani, Mahmood, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism, Princeton University Press, 1996 particularly introduction and conclusion *Nugent, Paul, Africa since Independence: A comparative history, Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, 2004 chapter one *Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities, London: Verso, 2006 Chapter 6 *Shivji, Issa. The struggle to convert nationalism to Pan-Africanism, Keynote address to the 4th European Conference on African Studies, Uppsala June 15 to 18, 2011. Available at: http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/75620. Supplementary readings Cooper, Frederick. Africa since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, Chs 3-4. Hastings, Adrian, The construction of nationhood: Ethnicity, religion and nationalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997 particularly Chs 6 and 7 Hyam, Ronald, Africa and the Labour Government, 1945-1951, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 16, 3 (1988), pp.148-72 Ranger, Terence, Peasant consciousness and guerrilla war in Zimbabwe: A comparative study, London: Currey, 1985 introduction Young, Crawford, Nationalism, Ethnicity and Class in Africa: A Retrospect, Cahiers dEtudes africaines, XXVI, 3 (1986), pp.421-475 Cases Kenya: Anderson, David, Histories of the Hanged: Britains Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. Branch, Daniel and Nicholas Cheeseman, The Politics of Control in Kenya: Understanding the Bureaucratic-executive state, 1952-78, Review of African Political Economy, 107 (2006), pp.11-31 Berman, B. and Lonsdale, J. Unhappy valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa Cambridge University Press, 1992 volume two Zambia: Kaunda, Kenneth, Zambia Shall be Free, London: Heinemann, 1962. Phiri, Bizeck Jube, The Capricorn Africa Society Revisited: The Impact of Liberalism in Zambias Colonial History, 1949-1963, The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1991. Kalusaa, Walima T., The Killing of Lilian Margaret Burton and Black and White Nationalisms in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) in the 1960s, Journal of Southern African Studies, 37/1, 2011: 63-77 8

Macola, Giacomo, Harry Nkumbula, UNIP and the Roots of Authoritarianism in Nationalist Zambia, in J.-B. Gewald, M. Hinfelaar and G. Macola (eds.), One Zambia, Many Histories: Towards a History of Post-Colonial Zambia, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008: 17-44 Ghana Allman, Jean, The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante nationalism in an emergent Ghana, University of Wisconsin Press, 1993 Beckman, Bjorn, Organizing the Farmers: Cocoa politics and national development in Ghana , Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1976 Nkrumah, Kwame, Neo-colonialism: The last stage of imperialism, London: Heinemann, 1968. Rathbone, Richard, Nkrumah and the Chiefs, Oxford: Currey, 2000 French West Africa Chafer, T. The end of empire in French West Africa (2002) Cooper, Fred, Decolonisation and African society: The labour question in French and British Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996 Schmidt, E . Mobilizing the masses: gender, ethnicity, and class in the nationalist movement in Guinea, 19391958 (2006)

4. Mobilisation, control and violence in post-colonial Africa Core reading * Allen, Chris, Understanding African Politics. Review of African Political Economy, 22 (65), 1995. * Meagher, Kate, Cultural Primordialism and the Post-Structuralist Imaginaire: Plus a Change, Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 76, No. 4, 2006, pp. 590-597. * Nugent, Paul, States And Social Contracts In Africa, New Left Review, 63, 2010, pp. 35-67. * Young, Tom (ed.), Readings in African Politics. James Currey, 2003. Selections from Bayart, Chabal and Daloz, and Jackson and Rosberg - full texts below. Supplementary readings Allen, Chris, 'Warfare, Endemic Violence and State Collapse in Africa', Review of African Political Economy, 81, 1999, pp.367-384 Bayart, Jean-Francois. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly London: Longman, 1993. Boone, Catherine. Political Topographies of the African State, Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice, Cambridge University Press, 2003. Chabal, Patrick and Jean-Pascal Daloz. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument, James Currey Publishers, 1999. Clapham, Christopher. Clientelism and the State, in Christopher Clapham (ed.), Private Patronage and Public Power: Political Clientelism in the Modern State. London: Frances Printer, 1982. Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. Traditional Patrimonialism and Modern Neopatrimonialism. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1973. Erdmann, Gero and Engle, Ulf, Neopatrimonialism Reconsidered: Critical Review and Elaboration of an Elusive Concept, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 45, 1, 2007, pp. 95-119. Also available online as: Neopatrimonialism Revisited: Beyond a Catch-All Concept. GIGA Working Papers No 16. Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies, 2006. Herbst, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. pp. 11-31. Herbst, Jeffrey. War and the State in Africa, International Security, 14 (4) 1990. Jackson, Robert and C. G. Rosberg, Personal Rule in Black Africa, Berkley: University of California Press, 1982. Le Vine, Victor T. (1980) African Patrimonial Regimes in Comparative Perspective, The Journal of Modern African Studies 18 (4), 1980: 657-73. Leftwich, Adrian. States of Development: On the Primacy of Politics in Development, Cambridge: Polity, 2000.

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Lemarchand, Ren, The State, the Parallel Economy, and the Changing Structure of Patronage Systems, in D. Rothchild and N. Chazan (eds), The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa. London: Westview Press, 1988.. Medard, Jean-Francois, The Underdeveloped State in Tropical Africa: Political Clientelism or Neo-patrimonialism, in Christopher Clapham (ed.), Private Patronage and Public Power: Political Clientelism in the Modern State. London: Frances Printer, 1982. Migdal, Joel S. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton University, 1988. Mkandawire, Thandika. Thinking About Developmental States in Africa. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25/3, 2001: 289-314. Musah, Abdel-Fatau. Privatisation of Security, Arms Proliferation and the Process of State Collapse in Africa, Development and Change, 33(5), 2002. Pitcher, Ann, Mary H. Moran and Michael Johnston, Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa, African Studies Review, 52 (1), 2009: 125-156 Reno, William. Warlord Politics and African States, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998, Introduction, Ch. 1. Thompson, Alex, An Introduction to African Politics, Routledge, 2000, Ch. 6. Legitimacy, neopatrimonialism, personal rule and centralisation of the African state, and Ch 7. Coercion: Military intervention in African politics. Weber, Max. Economy and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. Cases Mwenda, Andrew M. and Tangri, Roger. Patronage Politics, Donor Reforms, and Regime Consolidation in Uganda, African Affairs, 104 (416), 2005: 449-67. Keen, David. Conflict and Collusion in Sierra Leone, Oxford: James Currey, 2005. Kelsall, Tim Contentious Politics, Local Governance and the Self: A Tanzanian Case Study, Research Report No. 129. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004. Larmer, Miles, Rethinking African Politics: a history of opposition in Zambia, Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2011. Reno, William. Warlord Politics and African States, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998, .Ch. 3 (Liberia), Ch. 4 (Sierra Leone), Ch. 5 (DR Congo), Ch. 6 (Nigeria). Richards, Paul. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone, James Currey, 1996.

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5. Identity, ethnicity and religion Core reading *Berman, Bruce, Ethnicity, Patronage and the African State: The Politics of Uncivil Nationalism African Affairs, 97, 1998. *Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John, Modernity and its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa, University of Chicago Press, 1993. Preface. *Ellis, S. and Gerrie ter Haar, 'Religion and Politics in sub-Saharan Africa', Journal of Modern African Studies, 36(2), 1998:.175-201 *Posner, Daniel N., Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, Chs. 1 and 9. *Sanders, T. Reconsidering Witchcraft: Postcolonial Africa and Analytic (Un)Certainties, American Anthropologist, 105(2), 2003.338-352 Supplementary readings Asiwaju, A.I. (ed), Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations across Africas International Boundaries, St. Martins, 1992. Berman et al., Ethnicity and Democracy in Africa, Oxford: James Currey, 2004. Essays by Berman, Eyoh, Kymlicka (ch 1); Lonsdale (ch 5); Falola (ch. 9); and conclusion (18) Davidson, Basil, The Black Mans Burden: Africa and the Curse of the nation State, Three Rivers Press, New York, 1993. Hastings, Adrian. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion, and Nationalism, Cambridge University Press, 1997. Ch. 6, Some African Case Studies [as an E-book or CAS library]. Kasfir, Nelson, Explaining Ethnic Political Participation World Politics, 1979, pp. 365-388. la Gorgendiere, Louise, et al, eds., Ethnicity in Africa: Roots, Meanings and Implications, Edinburgh African Studies Centre: Edinburgh, 1996. Lonsdale, John, Moral Ethnicity and Political Tribalism In Preben Kaarsholm and Jan Hultin, eds., Inventions and Boundaries: Historical and Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnicity. Roskilde, Denmark: Institute for Development Studies, Roskilde University, 1994. Thompson, Alex, An Introduction to African Politics, Oxford: Routledge, Ch. 4. Young, Crawford, Revisiting Nationalism and Ethnicity in Africa. James S. Coleman Memorial Lecture, International Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 2004. Cases Multiple chapters in Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John, Modernity and its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa, University of Chicago Press, 1993. Englebert, P, Born-again Buganda or the limits of traditional resurgence in Africa, Journal

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Modern African Studies, 40(3), 2002, pp.345-368 Hyden, Goren and D.C. Williams, 'A Community Model of African Politics: Illustrations from Nigeria and Tanzania', Comparative Studies in Society and History, 36(1), 1994, pp.68-96 Kasfir, Nelson, The Shrinking Political Arena: Participation and Ethnicity in African Politics With a Case Study of Uganda. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976. LeMarchand, Rene, Ethnicity as Myth: The View from the Central Africa, Occasional Paper, Centre of African Studies, University of Copenhagen, 1999, http://www.teol.ku.dk/cas/research/publications/occ._papers/lemarchand1999.pdf/ Miguel, Edward, Tribe or Nation? Nation-building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania. World Politics 56 (April 2004): 327-62. Suberu, Rotimi, Ethnic Minorities and the Crisis of Democratic Governance in Nigeria, in Olowu et al, Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, Dakar: Codesria, 1999. Posner, Daniel N., The Colonial Origins of Ethnic Cleavages: The Case of Linguistic Divisions in Zambia Comparative Politics 35(2), 2003, pp. 127-146. Vail, Leroy, The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa, London: James Currey, 1989.

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6. Class: peasants and workers, rulers and capitalists Core reading * Bates, Robert H. Markets and states in tropical Africa: the political basis of agricultural policies, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981, Introduction and Ch.s 1 and 2. * Bernstein, Henry. Class dynamics of agrarian change, Kumarian Press, 2010. Introduction. Can be downloaded free at http://www.fernwoodpublishing.ca/website_pdfs/classdynamics.pdf * Harrison, Graham. Issues in the Contemporary Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa: The Dynamics of Struggle and Resistance, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. Chs 2 (peasants) and 5 (new identities) * Williams, Gavin. Taking the part of peasants, in Gutwind, P. and Wallerstein, I (eds.). The Political Economy of Contemporary Africa, London, Sage. 1976. * Cox, Kevin R., and Rohit Negi. The State and the Question of Development in sub-Saharan Africa. Review of African Political Economy 37/123. 2010: 7185. Supplementary readings Arrighi, Giovanni and John Saul, Essays on the Political Economy of Africa, New York, 1973. Particularly the Perspectives Section. Beckman, Bjorn. 'Peasants, Capital and the State', Review of African Political Economy, 10, 1977. Callaghy, Thomas, The State and the Development of Capitalism in Africa: Theoretical, Historical and Comparative Reflections, in D. Rothchild and N. Chazan (eds), The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa. London: Westview Press, 1988. Cohen, Robin, Peter Claus Wolfgang Gutkind and Phyllis Brazier (eds), Peasants and proletarians: the struggles of Third World workers, Monthly Review Press, 1979. Fatton, Robert. Bringing the Ruling Class Back in: Class, State, and Hegemony in Africa, Comparative Politics 20 (3), 1988: 253-264. Freund, Bill. Labor and Labor History in Africa: A Review of the Literature, African Studies Review, 27 (2), 1984. Freund, Bill. The African Worker, CUP, Cambridge, 1988 Harrison, Graham, Peasants, the agrarian question and lenses of development, Progress in Development Studies, 1 (3), 2001: 187-203 Iliffe, John, The Emergence of African Capitalism, Macmillan, 1983 Jamal, Vali and John Weeks, Africa misunderstood, or, Whatever happened to the rural-urban gap? Macmillan, 1993. Jones, Gareth A. and Stuart Corbridge, The continuing debate about urban bias: the thesis, its critics, its inuence and its implications for poverty-reduction strategies Progress in Development Studies 10, 1 (2010) pp. 118

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Markovitz, Irving Leonard. Studies in Power and Class in Africa, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Migdal, Joel Samuel, Atul Kohli and Vivienne Shue (eds) State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World, Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics, CUP, 1994. Part 1 and chapters on ruling classes, peasants and social movements by Boone, Bratton and Chazan. Munck, Ronaldo. Politics and dependency in the Third World, Ulster Polytechnic, 1984. Saul, J. "The 'Labour Aristocracy' Thesis Reconsidered," in R. Sandbrook and R. Cohen (eds.), The Development of an African Working Class, Toronto, 1976. Seddon, David and Leo Zeilig, Class and Protest in Africa: New Waves, Review of African Political Economy, 103 (2005) Sender, John and Sheila Smith. The development of capitalism in Africa, Methuen, 1986. Sklar, Richard L. The Nature of Class Domination in Africa, Journal of Modern African Studies, 17 (4), 1979: 531-552 Therborn, Gran, Class In The 21st Century, New Left Review 78, November-December 2012, Thompson, Alex, Social class: the search for social class in Africa, An Introduction to African Politics, Routledge, 2000, Ch. 5. Varshney, Ashutosh. Introduction: Urban Bias in perspective, Journal of Development Studies 29 (4), 1993: 322. Warren, Bill. Imperialism, Pioneer of Capitalism (edited by John Sender). Verso, 1980. Two useful reviews of Warren: Richard Jeffries, in African Affairs, 1982, http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/81/324/433.full.pdf and David McMullen, originally 1993 in Red Politics. Available online at http://www.lastsuperpower.net/docs/warren Cases Kitching, Gavin. Class and Economic Change in Kenya: The Making of an African Petite-Bourgeoisie 19051970. Yale University Press, 1980. Lindell, Ilda (ed.), Africa's Informal Workers: Collective Agency, Alliances and Transnational Organizing, Zed Books, 2010. Mamdani, Mahmood. Politics and Class Formation in Uganda, New York, Monthly Review Press, 1976. Potts, Deborah. Shall We Go Home? Increasing Urban Poverty in African Cities and Migration Processes, Geographical Journal 161, no. 3, 1995: 245264. Rizzo, Matteo. Life is war: Informal Transport Workers and Neoliberalism in Tanzania 1998 2009, Development and Change. Sept 2011.

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7. Africas International Relations i) The Cold War in Africa Core reading *Aluko, Olajide African Response to External Intervention in Africa since Angola. African Affairs 80 (319), 1981, pp. 159-179. *Clapham, Christopher, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival, Cambridge University Press, 1996, Ch.s 5 & 6. *Gleijeses, Piero, Conflicting Mission: Havana, Washington and Africa 1959-1976, University of North Carolina Press, 2002, Introduction. *Westad, Odd Arne, The Global Cold War, Cambridge: CUP, 2005, Ch.s 3 and 8. Supplementary readings Clapham, Christopher. Sovereignty and the Third World State. Political Studies 47 (3):522-537, 1999. Coker, Chris, Nato, the Warsaw Pact and Africa, Macmillan, 1985. Harbeson, John W. & Donald Rothchild (eds.): Africa in World Politics. The African State System in Flux. 3rd Edition, Boulder: Westview, 2000. Irwin, Ryan M, Gordian Knot: Apartheid and the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, OUP 2012 Laidi, Zaki, The Superpowers and Africa: The Constraints of a Rivalry, 1960-1990, University of Chicago Press, 1990. Lefebvre, Jeffrey A. "The United States, Ethiopia and the 1963 Somali-Soviet arms deal: containment and the balance of power dilemma in the Horn of Africa", Journal of Modern African Studies, 36, iv (1998), 611-43 Mazrui, Ali Al Amin, Pan-Africanism in the Cold War, in Towards a Pax Africana: a study of ideology and ambition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967, Ch. 11. Gebru Tareke "The Ethiopian-Somalia War of 1977 Revisited", International Journal of African Historical Studies, 33, iii (2000), 635-67 Ottaway, Marina. Soviet and American influence in the Horn of Africa (New York, 1982) Taylor, Ian and Paul Williams (eds), Africa in International Politics: External Involvement on the Continent, Routledge, 2004. Thompson, Alex, Sovereignty I: External influences on African politics, An Introduction to African Politics, Routledge, 2000, Ch. 8, pp. 156-164. Cases Bowman, Larry W, The Strategic Importance of South Africa to the United States: An Appraisal and Policy Analysis. African Affairs 81 (323), 1982, pp. 159-191. Shubin, Vladamir, The Hot Cold War: The USSR in Southern Africa, Pluto Press, 2008. Borstelmann, T., Apartheids Reluctant Uncle: The US and South Africa in the early Cold War, Oxford University Press, 1993. 16

Official US Documents: Foreign Relations of the United States 1964-68, XXIV, Africa, www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxiv/y.html Documents 252-260. The readings from the Horn case could be placed here if the Southern African region/Angola was to be the focus of a seminar.

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8. Africas International Relations ii) Securing contemporary African states Core reading * Duffield, Mark. Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples, London: Polity, 2007, Ch. 1. * Ferguson, James. Seeing Like an Oil Company: Space, Security, and Global Capital in Neoliberal Africa American Anthropologist 107:3, 2005, pp. 377-382. * Reno, William, Warlord Politics and African States, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1998, Ch. 7. * Willett, Susan. New Barbarians at the Gate: Losing the Liberal Peace in Africa Review of African Political Economy, 32/106, 2005, pp. 569-594. * Williams, Paul D. Thinking about security in Africa, International Affairs 83 (6), 2007, pp. 10211038. Supplementary readings Abrahamsen, Rita. A Breeding Ground for Terrorists? Africa & Britain's 'War on Terrorism', Review of African Political Economy, 31 (102), 2004, pp. 677-684. Brown, Oli, A Hammill and R McLeman. Climate Change as the new security threat: implications for Africa International Affairs, v83, 2007, pp. 1141-1154 Callaghy, Thomas, Ronald Kassimir, and Robert Latham, eds., Intervention and Transnationalism in Africa: Global-Local Networks of Power, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Curtis, Adam, PARADIABOLICAL, Wednesday 30 January 2013, An essay length blog post themed on intervention, Islamic radicalism in North Africa and the relation between the two things. With lots of links to historic documentary footage. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/adamcurtis/posts/PARADIABOLICAL de Waal, Alex. Famine Crimes, Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa, London: James Currey, 1997, Ch. 1. Hudson, Heidi. 'Doing' Security As Though Humans Matter: A Feminist Perspective on Gender and the Politics of Human Security. Security Dialogue 36 (2), 2005, pp. 155-174. Ferguson, James. Global shadows: Africa in the neoliberal world order. London: Duke University Press, 2006, Ch 8 Mazrui, Ali Al Amin. Towards a Pax Africana: a study of ideology and ambition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967, Ch. 12 and conclusion. Williams, Paul D. From non-intervention to non-indifference: the origins and development of the African Unions security culture African Affairs 106 (423), 2007, pp. 253-279. Young, Tom. Africa: A Beginners Guide, Oxford: OneWorld, 2010, Ch. 4. Cases:

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Ayers, Alison. 2010. Sudans uncivil war: the global-historical constitution of political violence. Review of African Political Economy 37 (124):153-71. Keen, David, The Benefits of Famine; A Political Economy of Famine and Relief in Southwestern Sudan 1983-1989, Princeton University Press, 1994 Keen, David, A rational kind of madness, Oxford Development Studies, 25, I, 1997, pp. 67-75. Duffield, Mark, Global Governance & the New Wars: The Merging of Development & Security, Zed Books, 2001, Ch.s 8 and 9. Johnson, Douglas H., The Root Causes of Sudans Civil Wars, James Currey, 2003, Ch.s 10 & 11. Mamdani, Mahmood, Saviours and Survivors: Darfur, Politics and the War on Terror, London: Verso, 2009, Ch. 2, or Mamdani, Mahmood, (2007) The Politics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency, London Review of Books, http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n05/mamd01_.html Slim, Hugo. Dithering over Darfur? A Preliminary Review of the International Response, International Affairs, vol 80, 2004, pp.811-33

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LENT TERM Christmas general reading In developed an understanding of history, politics, society and security in Africa in the in the first term, students will have become aware of the central role played by external actors in many African political processes in terms of Africas colonial and post-colonial encounters with the economic and military interests of Northern actors. The second part of the course introduces students to an encounter between Africans and international actors claiming to act not out of self-interest but altruistic concern. It considers the evolving development projects of the former colonial powers, the World Bank, IMF and UN agencies and international development NGOs. The suggested readings for the Christmas break therefore focus on understanding the development industry. Since these agencies are often concerned to advance processes of social transformation, an historical and theoretical grounding in long-running debates about (similar?) historical transformations in other places is extremely useful including in disciplines adjacent to Politics: sociology, anthropology, cultural studies, economics and development studies. Part 1 of From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and Social Change, edited by J. Timmons Roberts and Amy Hite, Blackwell, 2000 provides brief well-chosen extracts from Marx, Durkheim and Weber on the transition to modern society that are very useful for all students, but especially those who have not covered these issues earlier in their degree. Parts 2 and 3 provide extracts from a range of key texts in Modernisation and Dependency theories. The course also dips into and draws from ideas from Cultural Studies. It would be a good idea to have a read of Part 1 of Development: A Cultural Studies Reader, edited by Susanne Schech and Jane Haggis, Blackwell, 2002. This covers a number of issues in the modernization of traditional cultures. Part 3 contains a number of foundational readings from the influential perspective that understands development as discourse. Similarly there are a number of very helpful short entries on the economic aspects of the course: Dependency, Modernisation, Social Capital, Human Development, Post-Development, Trade and Industrial Policy, and the Washington Consensus in, Clark D. A. (ed.). The Elgar Companion to Development Studies, Elgar, 2006. There are a number of very useful and very up to date short readings on 'critical development studies' in Henry Veltmeyer (ed.) The Critical Development Studies Handbook: Tools for Change, Pluto Press, 2011. The section by Parpart and Veltmeyer on the emergence of the critical school is very helpful. Other sections on history, on class, and on the IFIs collect together some of the leading voices on the left in these contemporary debates.

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9. Introduction: The development of an idea - the history of thinking about economic development Core reading *Chang, Ha-Joon. Kicking away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective, Anthem, 2002. Ch. 4, pp. 125-141. *Escobar, Arturo. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, Princeton University Press, 1995. Ch.s 1 and 2, pp. 1-55. *Frank, Andre Gunder, The Development of Underdevelopment, Monthly Review, 1966, vol 18, no 4, pp. 17-31. *Rapley, John, Development studies and the post-development critique, Progress in Development Studies, 2004, 4/350 *Rostow, W. W., The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960. Ch. 2. Supplementary readings Cowen, M.P. and R. W. Shenton. Doctrines of Development, Routledge, 1996. Cox, Robert. Ideologies and the New International Economic Order: reflections on some recent literature, International Organisation, 1979. 33, 2: 257-302. Harvey, David. The New Imperialism, Oxford University Press, 2003. Chapter 4 on Accumulation by Dispossession. Leys, Colin. The Rise and Fall of Development Theory, Verso, 1996. Riddell, Roger, Does foreign aid really work?, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Especially Ch.s 2-3. Rist, Gilbert. The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith. London: Zed Books, 1997. Scott, James. Seeing Like a State How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Particularly Introduction and Chapter One. Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Wilber, C. (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment, Random House, 1988.

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10. Engaging the global economy: resource extraction, bilateral and multilateral trade Core reading *Part 4 of From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and Social Change, edited by J. Timmons Roberts and Amy Hite, Blackwell, 2000 provides a number of key readings for this topic in annotated form, including David Harvey, Dani Rodrik, Richard Portes and Leslie Sklair. *Brown, William, Restructuring North-South Relations: ACP-EU Development Co-operation in a Liberal International Order, Review of African Political Economy, 85, 2000, pp 367 383 *Ernst and Young, Ernst & Youngs attractiveness survey, Africa 2013: Getting down to business. www.ey.com/attractiveness *Humphreys, Macartan, Sachs, Jeffrey D., and Stiglitz, Joseph E., eds. Escaping the Resource Curse. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Introduction. *Kelsall, Tim, Business, Politics and the State in Africa: Challenging the Orthodoxies on Growth and Transformation, Zed, London, 2013, Intro. Supplementary readings Basedau, Matthias, Context Matters - Rethinking the Resource Curse in Sub-Saharan Africa, German Overseas Institute (DI), Working Paper, N 1, May 2005, http://repec.gigahamburg.de/pdf/giga_05_wp01_basedau.pdf Bienen H. The politics of trade liberalization in Africa. The Journal of Economic Development and Cultural Change, 38, 1990: 71332. Callaghy, Thomas M. Africa and the World Political Economy: More Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place, in Harbeson, John W. and Donald Rothchild (eds) Africa in World Politics: The African State System in Flux, Boulder CO; Westview, 2000. Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, Ch. 2. Curtis, Mark. Trade for Life: Making Trade Work for Poor People, Christian Aid, 2001. International Monetary Fund, Regional Economic Outlook, Sub-Saharan Africa: Sustaining Growth amid Global Uncertainty, World Economic and Financial Surveys, April 2012, www.elibrary.imf.org Lee, Donna and Nicola J. Smith, The Political Economy of Small African States in the WTO, The Round Table, 97 / 395, 2008 Mayer, Jrg And Pilar Fajarnes, Tripling Africas Primary Exports: What? How? Where? UNCTAD Working Paper, No. 180, 2005. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/osgdp20054_en.pdf Mshomba, Richard E. Africa and the World Trade Organization, Cambridge University Press, 2009, Introduction, can be downloaded free at http://www.cambridge.org/servlet/file/store6/item2494313/version1/item_9780521514767_e xcerpt.pdf

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Narlikar, Amrita. International Trade and Developing Countries: Bargaining Coalitions in the GATT & WTO, London: Routledge, 2003. Ojo, Oladeji O. (ed). Africa and Europe: The Changing Economic Relationship, Zed Books, 1996. Ravenhill, John. Dependent by Default: Africas Relations with the European Union, Africa in World Politics: Post-cold war challenges, Harbeson John W. and Donald Rothchild (eds.) Westview, 1995. Shaxson, Nicholas. Poisoned Wells: the Dirty Politics of African Oil. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007. Stiglitz, Joseph E., Making Globalization Work: The Next Steps to Global Justice, Allen Lane, 2006. Stiglitz, Joseph E. Africas Natural Resources Can Be a Blessing, Not an Economic Curse. The Guardian, n.d., 06 August 2012 edition. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economicsblog/2012/aug/06/africa-natural-resources-economic-curse. Cases Brown, William, The EU and Structural Adjustment: The case of Lome IV and Zimbabwe, Review of African Political Economy, 79, 1999, pp 75 91 Hodges, Tony, Angola: Anatomy of an Oil State. Oxford: James Currey, 2004 Oxfam International, Pricing farmers out of cotton: the costs of World Bank reforms in Mali, Oxfam Briefing Paper No. 99, 2007. Verney, Peter. Raising the Stakes: Oil and Conflict in the southern Sudan, Hebden Bridge, 2000. Amnesty International, Sudan: The Human Price of Oil, 2000.

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11. Aid, debt, adjustment, conditionality and beyond? Core reading *Bates, Robert H. and A. Krueger. Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1993. Introduction, pp. 1-26. *Bracking, Sarah, 'Why structural adjustment isn't necessary and why it does work', Review of African Political Economy, 26: 80, 1999. *Nelson, Joan M. and John Waterbury (eds.). Fragile coalitions: the politics of economic adjustment, New Brunswick, N.J; Oxford: Transaction Publishers, 1989. Nelsons introduction is vital. Ch.s 1, 4 and 5 by Waterbury, Nelson and Callaghy respectively are all also relevant. *Whitfield, Lindsay (ed.) The politics of aid: African strategies for dealing with donors, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Particularly Introduction and Ch.s 1-3. *Williams, Gavin. Why structural adjustment is necessary and why it doesnt work, Review of African Political Economy, 1994, 21: 60, pp. 214225 Supplementary readings Berg, Elliot and World Bank. Accelerated development in Sub-Saharan Africa: an agenda for action, Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1981. Introduction pp. 1-9. Download the whole thing at: http://go.worldbank.org/G99SVZSQ50 Biersteker, T.J. The triumph of liberal economic ideas in the developing world, in Barbara Stallings (ed.), Global Change, Regional Response: The New International Context of Development, Cambridge University Press, 1995. Brown, William. Reconsidering the Aid Relationship: International Relations and Social Development, The Round Table, 98, 2009, pp. 285-99. Callaghy, Thomas and John Ravenhill (eds.), Hemmed in: responses to Africas economic decline, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Gould, Jeremy. The new conditionality: the politics of poverty reduction strategies, London: Zed, 2005. Hayter, Teresa. Aid as imperialism, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971. Maxwell, Simon. The Washington Consensus Is Dead! Long Live the Meta-Narrative! London: Overseas Development Institute, 2005. Mosley, Paul, Jane Harrigan and John F. J. Toye. Aid and power: the World Bank and policy-based lending, Vol 1, London: Routledge, 1991. Ch.s 3, 5, 9. Parfitt, Trevor. The End of Development?: Modernity, Post-modernity and Development, London: Pluto, 2002. Thompson, Alex. Sovereignty II: Neo-colonialism, structural adjustment and Africas political economy, Chapter 9 in An Introduction to African Politics, Routledge, 2000.

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van de Walle, Nicholas. African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979-1999. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Cases Ferguson, James. The anti-politics machine: development, depoliticization, and bureaucratic power in Lesotho, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990 Hanlon, Joseph, Mozambique: Who Calls the Shots? Indiana University Press, 1991 Mosley, Paul, Jane Harrigan and John F. J. Toye. Aid and power: the World Bank and policy-based lending, Vol 2, London: Routledge, 1991. Whitfield, Lindsay (ed.) The politics of aid: African strategies for dealing with donors, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Particularly Introduction and Chs 5 onwards

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12. Building liberal polities: Democracy and Democratisation Core reading *Bratton, Michael. Formal versus informal institutions in Africa, Journal of Democracy 18.3, 2007: 96-110. *Cheesman, Nicholas, 'African Elections as Vehicles for Change', Journal of Democracy 21 (4) pp.139-153, 2010. *Harrison, Graham. Issues in the Contemporary Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa: The Dynamics of Struggle and Resistance, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. Ch 4. *Lynch, Gabrielle and Gordon Crawford, (eds.) Democratization in Africa: challenges and prospects Democratization, 18 (2), 2011. Editors introduction. *Young, Tom. Democracy in Africa? Africa, 72, no. 3 (2002): 484496. Supplementary readings Ake, Claude. The unique case of African democracy International Affairs, 1993, 69, 2. Bienen, Henry and Jeffrey Herbst, "The Relationship between Political and Economic Reform in Africa," Comparative Politics, 29 (1), 1996: 23-42. Bratton, Michael, and Nicholas van de Walle. Democratic experiments in Africa: regime transitions in comparative perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1997. Ch. 1. Carothers, Thomas. Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve, Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 1999 Carothers, Thomas. Revitalizing Democracy Assistance: The Challenge of USAID, Carnegie Report, October 2009. www.carnegieendowment.org/files/revitalizing_democracy_assistance.pdf Collier, Paul. Wars, Guns, and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. Harper Collins, New York, 2009. Introduction. Diamond, Larry. Thinking about Hybrid Regimes Journal of Democracy 13, 2, 2002, 21-35. Good, Kenneth The Liberal Model and Africa: Elites Against Democracy (International Political Economy Series), Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Huntington, Samuel. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. Lindberg, Staffan I. (ed.). Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of Transition, John Hopkins University Press, 2009. Especially Introduction. Lindberg, Staffan I. Democracy and elections in Africa, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006. Mamdani, Mahmood and Ernest Wamba-dia-Wamba (eds.), African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy, Dakar: CODESRIA, 1995. Mann, Michael. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing, Cambridge: CUP, 2005. 26

Robinson, William I. Promoting polyarchy: globalization, US intervention, and hegemony, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Particularly chapters 1 and 2. Rose R. and D.C. Shin, Democratisation Backwards: The Problem of Third Wave Democracies, British Journal of Political Science, vol 31/2. 2001. Shivji, Issa G. State and Constitutionalism: An African Debate on Democracy, Harare: SAPES, 1991. Thompson, Alex. Democracy: relegitimising the African state, Chapter 11 in An Introduction to African Politics, Routledge, 2000. Van de Walle, Nicolas, Africa's Range of Regimes, Journal of Democracy, 13/2, April 2002 pp. 66-80 Williams, Gavin. Democracy as Idea and Democracy as Process in Africa, Journal of African American History, 88, 2003, pp. 339-60. Cases Each of these edited collections includes a range of cases: Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas Van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Daniel, John, Roger Southall and Morris Szeftel (eds.), Voting for Democracy: Watershed Elections in Contemporary Anglophone Africa, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999. Joseph, Richard A. (ed.), State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, Lynne Reiner, 1999. Lynch, Gabrielle and Gordon Crawford, (eds.) Democratization in Africa: challenges and prospects Democratization, 18 (2), 2011. Mustapha, A. R. and L. Whitfield, (eds.) Turning points in African democracy, James Currey, 2009. The website http://www.democracyinafrica.co.uk/ contains up to date news and opinion on democracy in Africa.

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13. Building liberal states and societies: Corruption, Institutions, Good Governance and Civil Society Core reading *Ferguson, James. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2006. Chapter 4 Transnational Topgraphies of Power: Beyond the State and Civil Society in the Study of Africa and Chapter 7 Decomposing Modernity: History and Hierarchy After Development. *Gabay, Clive, and Carl Death. Building States and Civil Societies in Africa: Liberal Interventions and Global Governmentality. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 6/1, 2012: 16. *Harrison, Graham. The World Bank and Africa: The Construction of Governance States. Routledge. Advances in International Political Economy; 13. London; New York: Routledge, 2004. Especially Part 1, pp 1-69. *Szeftel, Morris. Misunderstanding African Politics: Corruption and the Governance Agenda. Review of African Political Economy, 1998: 221-240. *Young, Tom, and David Williams. Governance, the World Bank and Liberal Theory. Political Studies 42 (1), 1994. *World Bank. Building Effective States, Forging Engaged Societies. Report of the World Bank Task Force on Capacity-Development in Africa, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2005. http://go.worldbank.org/0HJ4D0HZO1 Supplementary readings Institutions Fukuyama, Francis, Acemoglu and Robinson on Why Nations Fail, American Interest, March 26, 2012 Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramania, Francesco Trebbi. Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration of Economic Development, Journal of Economic Growth, 2004, 9, 131-165 Sachs, Jeffrey D. Institutions Dont Rule: Direct Effects of Geography on Per Capita Growth, NBER Working Paper No. 9490, February 2003. Sachs, Jeffrey D., Reply to Acemoglu and Robinsons Response to My Book Review, 2012, http://jeffsachs.org/2012/12/reply-to-acemoglu-and-robinsons-response-to-my-book-review/ Sokoloff, Kenneth L. and Stanley L. Engerman, Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 3, Summer, 217-232 Good Governance Abrahamsen, Rita. Disciplining Democracy: Development Discourse and Good Governance in Africa, London: Zed, 2000.

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Bracking, Sarah, (ed.): Corruption and development: the anti-corruption campaigns. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2007 Includes useful case-studies of Malawi and Nigeria Centre for the Future State, Institute of Development Studies, An Upside-down View of Governance, IDS, Sussex, 2010. www2.ids.ac.uk/futurestate/pdfs/AnUpsidedownViewofGovernance.pdf Craig, David and Douglas R. Porter. Development beyond neoliberalism?: governance, poverty reduction and political economy, London: Routledge, 2006. Duffield, Mark. Social Reconstruction and the Radicalisation of Development: Aid as a Relation of Global Liberal Governance, Development and Change, 33, 5, 2002. Hickey, Sam. The return of politics in development studies: getting lost within the poverty agenda?, Progress in Development Studies, 8 (4), 2008: 349-358 Landell-Mills, P. and I. Serageldin. Governance and the Development Process. Finance and Development, 29, 1991, pp.14-17. Li, Tania. The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. Lwenheim, Oded. Examining the State: A Foucauldian Perspective on International Governance Indicators. Third World Quarterly, 29, 2, 2008, pp. 255-74. [OL] Mkandawire, T. Good Governance: the itinerary of an idea. Development in Practice, 17, 4/5, 2007, pp. 679-81. Moore, David. Sail on, O Ship of State: Neo-Liberalism, Globalisation and the Governance of Africa, Journal of Peasant Studies, 27:1, 1999. Mosse, David. Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. In Anthropology, culture, and society, London: Pluto Press, 2005. World Bank. Governance and Development. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1992. World Bank. Governance: the World Banks experience. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1994 World Bank, World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Civil society Carothers, Thomas. Civil Society: Think Again, Foreign Policy, Winter 1999-2000. Available online: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/pdf/CivilSociety.pdf Drazen, A. and P. Isard. Can Public Discussion Enhance Program Ownership?, IMF Working Paper 04/163. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, 2004. Fraser, Alastair. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: Now Who Calls the Shots? Review of African Political Economy, 32, (104/105), 2005. Harrison, Graham. Neoliberal Africa, The Impact of Global Social Engineering, London: Zed Books, 2010.

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Hearn, Julie. The Uses and Abuses of Civil Society in Africa, Review of African Political Economy, 87, 2001 Henkel, Heiko and Roderick Stirrat, Participation as Spiritual Duty: Empowerment as Secular Subjection in Cooke, Bill and Uma Kothari (eds). Participation: the new tyranny?, London: Zed Books, 2001. Hopgood, Stephen. Reading the Small Print in Global Civil Society: The Inexorable Hegemony of the Liberal Self, Millennium, 29 (1) 2000: 1-26. Hossain, Naomi and Mick Moore. Arguing for the poor: elites and poverty in developing countries, IDS Working Paper 148, 2002. Jenkins, Rob. Mistaking Governance for Politics: Foreign Aid, Democracy and the Construction of Civil Society in Sudipta Kaviraj and Sunil Khilnani (eds.), Civil Society: History and Possibilities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Moore, Mick and Putzel, James. Thinking Strategically about Politics and Poverty, IDS Working Paper 101, 1999. Pithouse, Richard. Producing the Poor - The World Banks New Discourse of Domination, African Sociological Review, 7,2, 2003. Van Rooy, Alison. Civil Society and the Aid Industry: The Politics and Promise, London: Earthscan, 1998. Warrener, Debbie. The Drivers of Change Approach, Synthesis Paper 3, London: Overseas Development Institute, 2004. Williams, David. Constructing the Economic Space: The World Bank and the Making of Homo Economicus, Millennium, 28,1, 1998 Cases Mercer, Claire. Performing partnerships: civil society and the illusion of good governance in Tanzania, Political Geography, 22,7, 2003. Gabay, Clive, and Carl Death (eds). Building States and Civil Societies in Africa: Liberal Interventions and Global Governmentality: Special Edition Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 6/1, 2012. The contributions to the edition can be read with Williams and Young (core reading), as a special edition of a journal dedicated to debating their framework and trying to see if it can do practical work. Hoffman, Barak D. The Political Economy of Tanzania, Center for Democracy and Civil Society, Georgetown University, March 2013. http://www.democracyandsociety.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2010/08/Tanzania-PEA-March-20131.pdf . Not here as a classic text, but a useful illustration of how the dominant discourse and donor-related research can now involve quite detailed contextual political economy analysis tied to quite standard issues programmatic/normative prescriptions.

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14: Resistance, social movements and African alternatives: Core reading *Englund, Harri. Prisoners of freedom: human rights and the African poor, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. 2006. Chapters 7 and 8. *Harrison, G. Issues in the contemporary politics of sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamics of struggle and resistance, New York: Palgrave. 2002. Intro and Conclusion: Defending the Idea of Struggle. *Larmer, Miles, Social movement struggles in Africa (Editorial) Special Edition, Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 251-262 *LeBas, Adrienne. From Protest to Parties: Party-Building and Democratization in Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Intro. *Rao. Rahul, Third World Protest: Between Home and the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, Introduction *Scott, J. 1986. Everyday forms of peasant resistance. Journal of Peasant Studies, 13(2): 535. Supplementary Reading Cullen S. Hendrix and Idean Salehyan. "Social Conflict in Africa Database (SCAD)." www.scaddata.org. Isaacman, A. Peasants and rural social protest in Africa. In Confronting historical paradigms: peasants, labour and the capitalist world system in Africa and Latin America, Edited by: Cooper, F. 205 317. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. 1993. Surin, Kenneth, Freedom Not Yet: Liberation and the Next World Order, Duke University Press, 2009. Surin, Kenneth,. Reflections on Freedom not Yet: Liberation and the Next World Order",Research on Marxist Aesthetics, 14, 2012: 170-182. Walton, John, David Seddon and Victoria Daines. Free markets & food riots: the politics of global adjustment, Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Ch. 5. Zeilig, Leo (ed.), Class Struggle and Resistance in Africa, Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2009 (second edition) Cases Awondo, Patrick, The politicisation of sexuality and rise of homosexual movements in postcolonial Cameroon Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 315-328 Bowen, M. L. The state against the peasantry: rural struggles in colonial and postcolonial Mozambique, Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 2000. Hrabanski, Marie, Internal dynamics, the state, and recourse to external aid: towards a historical sociology of the peasant movement in Senegal since the 1960s, Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 281-297

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Pommerolle, Marie-Emmanuelle, The extraversion of protest: conditions, history and use of the international in Africa, Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 263-279 Roy, Alexis, Peasant struggles in Mali: from defending cotton producers interests to becoming part of the Malian power structures, Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 299-314 Rubbers, Benjamin, Claiming workers' rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo: the case of the Collectif des ex-agents de la Gcamines, Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 329-344 Maccatory Bndicte, Makama Bawa Oumarou & Marc Poncelet, West African social movements against the high cost of living: from the economic to the political, from the global to the national, Review of African Political Economy, 2010, 125: 345-359 Zghal, A. 1995. The bread riot and the crisis of the one-party system in Tunisia. In African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy, Edited by: Mamdani, M. and Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. 99129. Dakar & Oxford: CODESRIA Book Series. South Africa Ballard, R., Habib, A. and Valodia, I. 2006. Making sense of post-apartheid South Africa's voices of protest. In, Voices of protest: social movements in post-apartheid South Africa, Edited by: Ballard, R., Habib, A. and Valodia, I. 397418. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu Natal Press Bond, P and Mottiar, S. Movements, protest and massacre in South Africa, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 31(2), 2013: 283-302. Bond, P. South African people's power since the mid-1980s: two steps forward, one back. Third World Quarterly, 33, 2, March 2012. Bond, P. What is it to be radical, in neoliberal-nationalist South Africa? Review of Radical Political Economy, September 2011. Desai, A. We are the poors: community struggles in post-apartheid South Africa, New York: Monthly Review Press. 2002. Pithouse, Richard, Coffin for the councillor: a report on the emergence of a shack dwellers' movement in Durban, South Africa. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 41(12), 2008: 171184. Sinwell, Luke, Is Another World Really Possible? Re-examining Counter-Hegemonic Forces in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Review of African Political Economy, March 2011, 127

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15: Comparing donors, contesting values and the rise of China in Africa: * Biccum, April R, Development and the New Imperialism: a reinvention of colonial discourse in DFID promotional literature, Third World Quarterly, 26 (6), 2005: 1005-1020 * Carmody, Padraig The Rise of the BRICS in Africa: The Geo-politics of South-South Relations, Zed Books, 2013. Intro. * Harman, Sophie and William Brown, In from the margins? The changing place of Africa in International Relations, International Affairs, 2012, 89/1: 6987 *Lancaster, Carol. Foreign Aid: Diplomacy, Development, Domestic Politics, University of Chicago Press, 2006. Intro. * Large, Dan. Beyond Dragon in the Bush: the study of China-Africa relations, African Affairs, 107 (426), 2008: 45-61. Cases China Brautigam, Deborah, The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. OUP, 2011. Ambassador Zhong Jianhua, Chinas special representative on African Affairs, In Conversation Series, on Trade, Aid and Jobs, Africa Research Institute, 2013: http://www.africaresearchinstitute.org/newsite/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ARI-theConversations-series-1-Ambassador-Zhong-Jianhua.pdf Alden, Christopher and Dan Large, Chinas exceptionalism and the challenges of delivering difference in Africa. Journal of contemporary China, 20 (68), 2011: 21-38. McCormick, D. China India as Africa's New Donors: The Impact of Aid on Development, Review of African Political Economy, 35 (1), 2008: 73-92. The US Johnson, Chalmers, The good empire, Soundings, 37, Winter 2007. Mathers, K. (2012) Mr. Kristof, I presume? Saving Africa in the footsteps of Mr Kristof, Transition: An International Review 107 1531. The UK Allen, Chris. Britain's Africa policy: ethical or ignorant? Review of African Political Economy, 77, 1998. 4057. Fielding, Jeremy. Lost an Empire, Found a Role". British Foreign Policy at the End of the Twentieth Century, Columbia International Affairs Online Working Paper, December, 1997. Harrison, Graham, The African Presence: Representations of Africa in the Construction of Britishness, Manchester University Press, 2013 Hudson, Alan and Linnea Jonsson, Donor Domestic Accountabilities - UK Case Study, ODI Report, October 2009. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4523.pdf 33

Porteus, Tom, British government policy in sub-Saharan Africa under New Labour, International Affairs 81, 2, 2005, p.281-297. www.geography.ryerson.ca/jmaurer/030theUKandAfrica.pdf Power, Marcus, The Short cut to international development: representing Africa in New Britain, Area, 32 (1), 2000: 91-100. France Stephen W. Smith, In Search of Monsters, London Review of Books, Vol. 35 No. 3 7 February 2013, pages 3-5. http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n03/stephen-w-smith/in-search-of-monsters Siegfried Schiedera, Rachel Folza and Simon Musekampa, The social construction of European solidarity: Germany and France in the EU policy towards the states of Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific (ACP) and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), Journal of International Relations and Development, 2011, 14: 469505. Dominic Thomas , The Adventures of Sarkozy in Euroafrica, Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, Volume 16, Issue 3, 2012, pages 393-404 Norway Borchgrevink, A. Images of Norwegian Aid, Forum for Development Studies, 31 (1), 2004: 161-182. Browning, C. S. Branding Nordicity: Models, Identity and the Decline of Exceptionalism. Cooperation and Conflict, 42 (1), 2007: 27-51.

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16. Aid and Autobiography: Africa in Western domestic politics Core reading * Williams, David. Aid as autobiography, Africa, 72 (1) 2002: 150-63. * Furedi, Frank, The New Ideology of Imperialism: Renewing the Moral Imperative, Pluto Press, 1994. Esp. Introduction and Ch. 6. * Part II, Culture/Power/Knowledge of Development: A Cultural Studies Reader, edited by Susanne Schech and Jane Haggis, Blackwell, 2002 includes useful extracts from Edward Said and Stuart Hall. * Andreasson, Stefan. Orientalism and African Development Studies: the reductive repetition motif in theories of African underdevelopment, Third World Quarterly, 26 (6), 2005: 971-986 Supplementary Readings Belloni, R. (2007) The trouble with humanitarianism, Review of International Studies, 33: 451474. Cameron, John & Ann Haanstra (2008) Development Made Sexy: how it happened and what it means, Third World Quarterly 29 (8) 14751489. Chandler, David. 'Hollow Hegemony: Theorising the Shift from Interest-Based to Value-Based International Policy-Making', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 35 (3), 2007: 703-723. Cottle, S. & D. Nolan (2007) Global humanitarianism and the changing aidmedia field, Journalism Studies 8/6: 862878 Doty, Roxanne Lynn, Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations, Borderlines, University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Jarosz, Lucy. Constructing the Dark Continent: Metaphor as Geographic Representation of Africa, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 24 (2), 1992: 105-115, Noel, Alain and Jean-Philippe Therien, From Domestic to International Justice: The Welfare State and Foreign Aid, International Organization, 49/3, 1995: 523-553 Riddell, Roger. Does foreign aid really work?, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Esp. ch.s 4-9. Said, Edward, W., Orientalism, Vintage Books, 1994 (First published 1978). Celebrities Browne, Harry, The Frontman: Bono (in the Name of Power), Verso Books, 2013 Biccum, A. (2011) Marketing Development: Celebrity politics and the new development advocacy, Third World Quarterly 32 (7|): 1331136. Brockington, D. (2008) Powerful environmentalisms: conservation, celebrity and capitalism, Media Culture Society 30: 551568.

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Clarke, Robert (ed.). Celebrity Colonialism: Fame, Power and Representation, in Colonial and Postcolonial Cultures, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. Introduction available free online at: http://www.c-s-p.org/flyers/978-1-4438-1351-8-sample.pdf Daley, Patricia. (2005) Bob Geldof and the Livingstone Connection: Africa not yet saved? Pambazuka News.org, Issue 214. http://pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/28858 Farrell, Nathan, Celebrity Politics: Bono, Product (RED) and the Legitimising of Philanthrocapitalism, The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 2012, 14,/3: 392 406 Furedi, Frank. Celebrity Culture, Society, 2010, 47: 493497. Ponte, S. & L. A. Richey (2011) (PRODUCT) Red Tm: how celebrities push the boundaries of causumerism, Environment and Planning A 43:20602075. Repo, J. & R. Yrjola The Gender Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism in Africa, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 2011, 13/1: 4462. Richey, L. A. & S. Ponte (2008) Better (Red)Tm than Dead? Celebrities, Consumption, and International Aid, Third World Quarterly 29: 4, 711729. Samman, E., Mc Auliffe, E. & M. MacLachlan, The role of celebrity in endorsing poverty reduction through international aid, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 2009, 14: 137148. West, D. M. Angelina, Mia and Bono: celebrities and international development, in Lael Brainard & Derek Chollet (eds). Global Development 2.0: Can Philanthropists, the Public, and the Poor Make Poverty History? Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2008 Consumers Bauman, Zygmunt. (2007) Consuming Life, Cambridge: Polity. Barnett, Clive, Paul Cloke, Nick Clarke and Alice Malpass, Globalising Responsibility: the Political Rationalities of Ethical Consumption, Wiley-Blackwell. Goodman, Michael K. The mirror of consumption: celebritization, developmental consumption and the shifting cultural politics of fair trade, Geoforum, 2010, 41: 104116. Richey, Lisa-Ann and Stefano Ponte. Better, Red, (TM) than dead? Celebrities, consumption and international aid. Third World Quarterly, 29 (4), 2008: 711-729. Richey, Lisa Ann and Stefano Ponte, Brand Aid: Shopping Well to Save the World, University of Minnesota Press, 2011. See also the debate between the authors and various critics, in Review of African Political Economy, 39/131, 2012. Country cases AlBulushi, S. Mapping war crimes in Sudan: an Open letter to George Clooney, PambazukaNews.org, Issue 546, 06 September 2011.

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Atkinson, R. R., P. Lancaster, L. Cakaj & G. Lacaille (2012) Do no harm: assessing a military approach to Lords Resistance Army, Journal of Eastern African Studies Barya, Mildred K, Kony 2012: Widening the cracks, letting the light in? 2012-03-15, Issue 576 http://pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/80769 Black, Tim. Famine in Somalia: its not all about us, spiked-online, 9 August 2011. http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/10971/ Cole, Teju, Kony and the White Savior Industrial Complex, Twitter, http://storify.com/alexismadrigal/teju-cole-on-kony-and-the-white-saviorindustrial?awesm=sfy.co_faf Ekine, Sokari, White saviours, black victims: An old story, 2012-03-21, Issue 578 http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/80923 Mamdani, Mahmood, Saviours and Survivors: Darfur, Politics and the War on Terror. London, New York: Verso. 2009. Mamdani, Mahmood, The downside of the Kony 2012 video: What Jason did not tell Gavin and his army of invisible children, Pambazuka, 2012-03-15, Issue 576 http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/80787

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Class: South Africa

Core reading *Freund, Bill, The African City (Cambridge, 2007) - Chapter Four. *Cooper, Fred, Africa since 1940: the past of the present (Cambridge, 2002), pp.53-8 Supplementary readings for presentations Bonner, Philip, African Urbanisation on the Rand, Journal of Southern African Studies, 21, 1995. Delius, Peter, Sebatakgomo, Migrant Organisation, the ANC and the Sekhukhuneland Revolt, Journal of South Africa Studies, 15 (1989) Gibbs, Timothy, Mandelas Kinsmen (Oxford, 2014) Chapter One Bundy, Colin, Govan Mbeki (Athens OH, 2013) Chapters Four and Five Freund, Bill, Confrontation and social change: Natal and the forging of apartheid, 1949-72, in Robert Morrell (ed.), Political Economy and Identities in KwaZulu Natal: Historical and social perspectives (Durban, 1996), pp.119-140. FILM AND LITERATURE Peter Abrahams, Mine Boy (Oxford, 1989) Jerusalema (2008) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaSeZG1Kl-w

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Class: Zimbabwe
Core reading *Mamdani, Mahmood. Lessons of Zimbabwe, London Review of Books, (4 December 2008). http://www.lrb.co.uk/v30/n23/mahmood-mamdani/lessons-of-zimbabwe Note also the several letters in response that can be found below the article, and Mamdanis reply. Set readings for presentations *Alexander, Peter. Zimbabwean workers, the MDC and the 2000 election, Review of African Political Economy, 27(85), 2000: 385-406 *LeBas, Adrienne. Polarization as craft: party formation and state violence in Zimbabwe, Comparative Politics, 38(4), July 2006: 419-438 *Moore, David. Zimbabwe's Triple Crisis: Primitive Accumulation, Nation-State Formation and Democratisation in the Age of Neo-liberal Globalisation. African Studies Quarterly, 2003: 1-18. *Moyo, Sam, Zimbabwe ten years on: Results and prospects, Pambazuka News, 2009. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/54037 *Phimister, I. & Raftopoulos, B.) Mugabe, Mbeki and the politics of anti-imperialism, Review of African Political Economy, 101, 2004: 385-400 *Ranger, Terence. (2004) Nationalist historiography, Patriotic History and the history of the nation: the struggle over the past in Zimbabwe, Journal of Southern African Studies 30(2): 215-234 Further readings Alexander, Jocelyn, The Unsettled Land: State-making and the Politics of Land in Zimbabwe, Oxford University Press, 2006. MacLean, Sandra. Mugabe at War: The Political Economy of Conflict in Zimbabwe, Third World Quarterly, 23(2), 2002. Mugabe, Robert. Inside the Third Chimurenga, Zimbabwe: The Department of Information and Publicity, 2001. www.africacrisis.co.za/Docs/Chimurenga.pdf Primorac, Ranka and Stephen Chan (eds.), Zimbabwe in Crisis: The International Response and the Space of Silence, London: Routledge, 2007. Raftopoulos, B. & Mlambo, A. (eds.) Becoming Zimbabwe, Johannesburg: Jacana Media, 2009. Stoneman, C. & Cliffe, L. Zimbabwe: Politics, Economics and Society, London: Pinter, 1989. Tendi, Blessings-Miles. Making History in Mugabes Zimbabwe, Bern: Peter Lang, 2010. Yeros, Paris, The rise and fall of trade unionism in Zimbabwe, Part I: 19901995, Review of African Political Economy, 40/136, 2013: 219-232 Much contemporary analysis and news can be found at: http://kubatana.net/

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Class: Zambia
Core reading *James Ferguson, Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Ch. 1 (1-34) and Ch. 7 and Postscript (234-259). Set readings for presentations *Lise Rakner, Political and Economic Liberalisation in Zambia 19912001, Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2003. Ch. 1: 11-25. *Robert H. Bates and Paul Collier, The Politics and Economics of Policy Reform in Zambia, in Robert H. Bates and Anne O. Krueger, eds., Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform: Evidence from Eight Countries, 387443 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993). *Potts, Deborah. Counter-Urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and Implications, Urban Studies 42, no. 4 (2005): 583609. *Larmer, Miles, 'The Hour Has Come at the Pit': The Mineworkers' Union of Zambia and the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy, 1982-1991, Journal of Southern African Studies, 2006. *Fraser, Alastair. Boom and Bust on the Zambian Copperbelt, in Zambia, Mining and Neoliberalism: Boom and Bust on the Globalized Copperbelt, Fraser, Alastair and Miles Larmer (eds.) Palgrave, 2010. Further readings Adam, Christopher S. and Anthony M. Simpasa. The Economics of the Copper Price Boom in Zambia in Fraser, Alastair and Miles Larmer (eds.), Zambia, Mining and Neoliberalism: Boom and Bust on the Globalized Copperbelt, Palgrave, 2010. Bates, Robert H. Unions, Parties and Political Development: A Study of Mineworkers in Zambia, New Haven, 1971. Burawoy, Michael. The Colour of Class on the Copper Mines: From African Advancement to Zambianization. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1972 Craig, John Evaluating Privatization in Zambia: A Tale of Two Processes, Review of African Political Economy 27, no. 85 (2000): 355366 Epstein, Arnold L. Politics in an Urban African Community, Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1958. Kragelund, Peter. Knocking on a Wide-open Door: Chinese Investments in Africa, Review of African Political Economy 36, no. 122 (2009): 479497. Larmer, Miles and Alastair Fraser, Of Cabbages and King Cobra: Populist Politics and Zambias 2006 Elections African Affairs 106 (425), 2007: 611637.

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Lungu, John. The Politics of Reforming Zambias Mining Tax Regime, Resource Insight 8 (2009): 28, 21. Mukanga, Chola. Eight reasons for rejecting higher mining taxes, Zambian Economist blog, May 23, 2010. Parpart, Jane L. The "Labor Aristocracy" Debate in Africa: The Copperbelt Case, 1924-1967, African Economic History, No. 13, 1984: 171-191.. Young, Roger and John Loxley, An Assessment of Zambias Structural Adjustment Experience (Ottawa: The North-South Institute, 1990). Mosley, Paul, Jane Harrigan and John F. J. Toye. Aid and power: the World Bank and policy-based lending, Vol 2, London: Routledge, 1991.

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Class: Angola Key reading: Cramer, Christopher 2006. Civil war is not a stupid thing: accounting for violence in developing countries. Hurst, London. Set readings for presentations *Gleijeses, Piero 2002. Conflicting missions : Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill NC. (Introduction and chapters on Angola.) *Le Billon, Philippe 2001 Angolas Political Economy of War, African Affairs, 398 (100). * Messiant, Christine 1997. Angola: The challenge of statehood in Birmingham, David and Martin, Phyllis (eds), History of Central Africa, vol III: The Contemporary Years, Longman, London Supplementary Readings Chabal, Patrick and Vidal, Nuno (eds) 2007. Angola: The Weight of History. Hurst, London. (Introduction, plus chapters by *Hodges and Messiant.) Hodges, Tony 2004. Angola: The Politics of an Oil State. James Currey, Oxford. (Alternatively, the chapter by Hodges in the book edited by Chabal and Vidal.) Malaquias, Assis 2007. Rebels and Robbers: Violence in post-colonial Angola Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala. Minter, William 1994. Apartheids contras: an inquiry into the roots of war in Angola and Mozambique. Zed, London. Minter, William 1988. Operation Timber: Pages from the Savimbi Dossier. Africa World Press, Trenton NJ. Pearce, Justin 2012 Control, politics and identity in the Angolan civil war. African Affairs, 111 (444) pp 442-465. Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo 2011. Illiberal peacebuilding in Angola. Journal of Modern African Studies 49,2 pp 287-314.

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