Psychology Notes (Week 3) 9/6/11 Chapters 4, 7, 8, 9 Cognitive Psychology Part 1: An Information Processing Approach Visual Image-Icon Determinates of attention:

Novelty Familiarity and Repetition Habituation Color, Size, and Movement Organizing Sensations into Perceptions Grouping Figure-Ground Gestalt ordering principles Bottom-up- info coming into sensory receptors from the bottom up. Does not yet have any meaning Top-down- using existing knowledge in your long term memory store top give meaning to incoming stimulus. Area of the brain from ear to ear is somatosensory cortex. Feature Detectors fire when they see a line or curve Cognitive Psychology Part 2: An Informational Process Approach Chapter 7, 8, 9 Concept- picture Schema- video Section 1 Unit 5: Condition and Learning Chapter 4 Memory Explicit Memory( declarative, conscious) Episodic Memory- ones own experiences Semantic Memory- words, meanings, facts, general knowledge Implicit Memory(nondeclarative, unconscious) Classical Conditioning effects( conditioned emotional reactions) Procedural Memory- motor skills, habits, tacit rules) Priming- implicit activation of concepts in long-term memory) Critical for Classical and Operant Conditioning Proximity of reinforcements or presence of neutral stimulus is crucial

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) Food leads to salivation UCS (unconditioned stimulus)----- UCR(unconditioned response) The food was paired with a neutral stimulus which was the door. The door was then changed to a condition stimulus. This leads to the conditioned response which is the dog salivating. Baby Albert Loud Sound--- Startle and cry UCS--- UCR

The neutral stimulus was the rat which became a conditioned stimulus. The crying and scariness becomes a conditioned response. Another example: Your favorite dish gets spoiled and it causes you to throw up and get sick. Now you paired the bacteria with your favorite dish and you think about getting sick from now on. Now you gag at your favorite dish.

Operant Conditioning -A-B-C (Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences) -Negative Reinforcements INCREASES the likelihood that the behavior it follows will continue. Process of shaping (rewarding successive approximations) Discriminative Stimuli (antecedent) as Cues for Behavior The Skinner bird example Schedules of Reinforcement and Extinction A behavior takes the longest to extinct on a variable interval schedule and occurs the most quickly if there has been a continuous reinforcement schedule