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Bioquimica ii
1. 2. 3. 4.
Metabolismo dos cidos gordos B-oxidao : As diferentes fases Produo de ATP e de NADH Regulao via acil - carnitina
Hidrlise de triglicridos
Aco da lipase pancretica
2-monoglicrido
Formao de micelas
CH3
HO
OH R1 = OH or H H R2 = H or NHCH2COOH or NHCH2CH2SO3
Bile acids (bile salts) are polar derivatives of cholesterol, formed in liver and secreted into the gall bladder. They pass via the bile duct into the intestine, where they aid digestion of fats & fat-soluble vitamins. Bile acids are amphipathic, with detergent properties.
Hidrlise de fosfolipidos
Papel da fosfolipase A2
O
Phospholipase A2 is secreted by the pancreas into the intestine. It hydrolyzes the ester linkage between the fatty acid & the hydroxyl on C2 of phospholipids. Lysophospholipids, the products of Phospholipase A2 reactions, are powerful detergents.
O R2 C O
H2C C
O H
C O P O
R1
CH2O
phospholipid
O H2C HO C O H C O P O O R1
H2O
+
X
R2
CH2O
lysophospholipid
fatty acid
Within intestinal cells, fatty acids (which are poorly soluble and have detergent properties) are kept sequestered from the cytosol by being bound with intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP).
PDB 1ICM
I-FABP
Fatty acid-binding proteins, which are in several cell types, have a ''-clam" structure. A fatty acid is carried in a cavity between 2 approx. orthogonal -sheets, each consisting of 5 antiparallel -strands.
No intestino: sntese de acil CoA ( gasto de ATP) sntese de TG a partir de 2-monoglicerido incorporao dos TG em quilomicrons
cido gordo
acil-CoA
ATP
AMP + PPi
2 Pi
cidos gordos livres no plasma Ligados albumina Transportados para clulas alvo (fgado / msculo) Oxidados a acetil-CoA
Novo ciclo
propionil-CoA
d-metil-malonil-CoA
L-metil-malonil-CoA
CO2
succinil-CoA
flavoprotena flavoprotena-H2
CH3 (CH2)n CH = CH CO - SCoA
H2O2
O2
7 NADH
CR
17.5 ATP
108 ATP
Formao do palmitil-CoA
Rendimento
- 2 ATP
106 ATP
Utiliza um sistema enzimtico oxidase de funo mista tipo sistema citocromo P-450
malonil-CoA
acetil-CoA
carnitina
acil-CoA
n acetil-CoA
Corpos cetnicos