CHAPTER 4 PART 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE

Part 1: How Normal Body Processes Are Altered by Disease and Injury Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided. ______ 1. A decrease in cell size resulting from a decreased workload is called: A. hyperplasia. B. mitosis. C. atrophy. D. dysplasia. ______ 2. An increase in the number of cells resulting from an increased workload is known as: A. hyperplasia. B. hypertrophy. C. atrophy. D. dysplasia. ______ 3. Aerobic exercise gradually causes ______ of the myocardium. A. dilation B. atrophy C. hypertrophy D. hyperplasia ______ 4. The most common cause of cellular injury is oxygen deficiency, or: A. ischemia. B. hypoxia. C. infarction. D. inflammation. ______ 5. A microorganism capable of producing infection or disease is called a: A. parasite. B. lysosome. C. pathogen. D. fungus. ______ 6. The constructive phase of metabolism in which cells convert nonliving substances into living cytoplasm is called: A. anabolism. B. catabolism. C. apoptosis. D. necrosis. ______ 7. Necrosis means: A. an injured cell destroying itself. B. cell death. C. oxygen deficiency. D. a buildup of cell waste products.

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8. Edema is excess fluid in the: interstitial space. extracellular space. intracellular space. intravascular space. 9. The component of blood that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen is the: erythrocyte. leukocyte. thrombocyte. plasma. 10. Plasma is made up of approximately what percentage of water? 98 percent 92 percent 86 percent 82 percent 11. Intravenous fluids that contain proteins are called: colloids. crystalloids. plasma. albumins. 12. Lactated Ringer's solution is an example of a(n) ______ solution. isotonic hypertonic hypotonic normotonic 13. An electrolyte solution of sodium chloride in water is: D5W. lactated Ringer's. normal saline. Hartman's solution. 14. A high concentration of hydrogen ions is known as: alkalosis. acidosis. carbonosis. base. 15. Impaired ventilation is the cause of: respiratory alkalosis. metabolic alkalosis. respiratory acidosis. metabolic acidosis. 16. Vomiting, diarrhea, or diabetes can cause: respiratory alkalosis. metabolic alkalosis. respiratory acidosis. metabolic acidosis.

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17. Every human somatic cell contains how many pairs of chromosomes? 45 37 23 12 18. Diseases caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors are called: multi-system failure. multifactorial disorders. multiple defect. geno-environmental disorders. 19. All of the following are immunologic disorders EXCEPT: diabetes. rheumatic fever. allergies. asthma. 20. The most common endocrine disorder is: pancreatitis. hemophilia. hypertension. diabetes mellitus. 21. The disease caused by a genetic clotting factor deficiency is: hemochromatosis. anemia. hemophilia. encephalitis. 22. A neuromuscular disorder known to be caused by a genetic defect is: cholecystitis. Huntington's disease. Crohn's disease. schizophrenia. 23. The supplying of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues is called: circulation. hydration. perfusion. output. 24. Characteristics of impaired cellular metabolism in shock include impaired use of: sodium. glucose. hemoglobin. bicarbonate.

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25. Your patient has received a large traumatic injury. Blood pressure is normal, but the heart rate and respiratory rate are increased, and the skin is cool and clammy. Your patient is in: homeostasis. compensated shock. decompensated shock. irreversible shock. 26. A drop in blood pressure in the patient described in Question 25 means the patient is in: homeostasis. compensated shock. decompensated shock. irreversible shock. 27. Treatment for cardiogenic shock should include: placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position. rapid fluid replacement with a crystalloid solution. elevating the patient's head and shoulders. the application and inflation of the PASG. 28. The type of shock resulting from arteries' losing tone and dilating is known as: hypovolemic. cardiogenic. hemorrhagic. neurogenic. 29. The progressive impairment of two or more organ systems resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury is called: multiple organ system failure. multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. multiple system failure. multiple sepsis syndrome. 30. The most common presentation of MODS within the first 24 hours after resuscitation includes: pulmonary failure. immune system collapse. general hypermetabolic state. hematologic failure. 31. MODS begins with: infection. sepsis. septic shock. polyuria death.