Chap3PropertiesofFluids

Firstexaminephasediagrams the experimental i t ld data t th that tequations ti of fstate t t (EOS)endeavour topredict Reviewidealgaslawconceptand relationshipsusing LookatEOSsforrealfluids(cubicequationsin particularandgeneralised correlations.)

PhaseDiagrams
PhaseDiagramspresentexperimentaldata thatequationsofstatearetryingtopredict. Phasediagramsaremoreaccuratebecause theydonotcontainmodelinadequacies. Equationsofstatearemeanttoapproximate informationwithinaphasediagram
ManyEOSshavebeendevelopedbutnoneare abletopredictallsubstancesinallphases(yet)

ExamplePhaseDiagram
PTdiagramGeneric

Q1.Whatisthedifference betweenagasandavapour? Q2.Whatisasupercriticalgas? Q3.Whatisthefluidregionand whyisitspecified?

Fig3.1intext

ExamplePhaseDiagram
PTdiagramforCO2

ApplicationoftheGibbsphaserule: Q.ForliquidCO2inequilibriumwithCO2gas,howmanydegreesoffreedomdowehave? Q.ForCO2gas,howmanydegreesoffreedomdowehave?

ExamplePhaseDiagrams
PVphasediagramforCO2
Question:Whathappensifwecompress CO2isothermallyat20C? Question:Whyarentthereanyabrupt volumechangesforisothermsaboveTc?

ComparisonofPTandPVforCO2

PVTDiagramForIdealGas

Example:MakeyourownPVdiagramusingideal gaslaw

Differencesbetweenrealandidealgases
Moleculesinrealgasesinteractwithoneanother (exceptinthelimitasP>0) Longrangeandshortrangeintermolecularforces changethecompressibilityofthegas
Longrangeattractiveforcesbetweenmoleculestend toattractmolecules:Gasismorecompressible comparedtoidealcase Shortrangerepulsiveforcestendtopushtwo moleculesaway: y Gasislesscompressible p (tends ( to expand)comparedtoidealcase Atmediumpressures,attractiveforcestendto dominate(duetodistancesbetweenmolecules),at highpressuresrepulsiveforcestendtodominate
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Differencesbetweenrealandidealgases
Thecompressibilityofarealgasisdefinedby:

Todoyourself:DerivethefollowingEOSforarealgas

Otherdifferences: Realgas Idealgas

Asaconsequence:

Idealvs Realgascomparison

(Actuallyfromvander Waalsequation)
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