MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

AR 02012
QUANTITY SURVEYING & COST ESTIMATING

A.G.T.I (Second Year)

Architecture

CONTENTS
PART (I) CHAPTER 1. TYPE OF ESTIMATES 1.1 Approximate Estimates 1.2 Detailed Estimates PAGE 1 1 2

2.

APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES 2.1 Lump - Sum Estimates 2.2 Unit Cost Estimates 2.3 Representative Estimates 3 4 4

3.

COST ESTIMATING FOR TWO STOREYED R.C.C BUILDING WITH GARAGE Site Clearing Works Foundation Works Masonry Works Cement Concrete Works Reinforced Cement Concrete Works Timber Works Roofing Works

4.

EXERCISES ON BILL OF QUANTITIES & ESTIMATIONS FOR: 12 ONE STOREYED R.C.C WAREHOUSE BUILDING ONE STOREY TIMBER BUILDING

PART (II) 5. EXERCISES ON BILL OF QUANTITIES & ESTIMATIONS FOR: ONE STOREYED R.C.C OFFICER AVENUE BUILDING ONE STOREY R.C.C MONASTERY BUILDING SEPTIC TANK DESIGN DRAWING

SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REFERENCES.

CHAPTER (1) TYPES OF ESTIMATES

Construction estimates may be divided into at least two different types, depending on the purposes for which they are approximate estimates and detailed estimates. Each of these may be subdivided.

1.1 Approximate Estimates

For certain purpose the use of short-cut or approximate methods of estimating is justified. The prospective owner of a project may which to know the approximate cost of a project before making a final decision to construct it. A governmental agency will need to know the approximate cost prior to holding a bond election. Sometimes an estimate of the cost of replacing a project with similar construction is desirable for tax purposes. Usually an approximate estimate is sufficiently accurate for these purposes. An architect will reduce a building to square feet of area, or cubic feet of volume, then multiply the number of units by the estimated cost per unit; or an engineer will multiply the number of cubic yards of concrete in a structure by the estimated cost per cubic yard to determine the probable cost of the project. Considerable experience a judgment are required to obtain a dependable approximate estimate of the cost, as the estimator must adjust the unit costs to allow for variations in costs resulting from qualities of materials, workmanship, location, and construction difficulties. Approximate estimates are not sufficiently accurate for bid purposes.

1.2 Detailed Estimates

A detailed estimate of the cost of a project is prepared by determining the costs of materials, construction equipment, labor, overhead, and profit. Such estimates are almost universally prepared by contractors prior to submitting bids or entering into contracts for important projects. When preparing a detailed estimate for a given project, the estimator should divide the project into as many operations as are required. In so far as possible the operations should appear in the estimate in the order that they will be performed in constructing the project. Thus the first direct cost may be for clearing the site on which the project is to be constructed. This item should be followed with the cost of temporary construction, such as an office, sheds, etc., excavation, and foundation, continuing in proper order through the last operation performed, such as the cost of general cleanup and moving away from the project. If this order is followed, the danger of omitting the costs of one or more operations is reduced.

CHAPTER (2) APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES

EACH OF THESE MAY BE SUBDIVIDED FOR APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES:

1. Plinth area estimate method. 2. Volume estimate method. 3. Foot run estimate method. 4. Lump sum estimate method. 5. Price per unit estimate method. 6. Rough of group estimate method. 7. Storey enclosure method.

2.1 Lump Sum Estimates

The estimates for some projects, such as buildings, are prepared for the purpose of submitting lump-sum bids on the projects. When estimating the cost of or bidding a project on this basis, only one final cost figure is quoted, namely, the amount given for building estimates. Unless there are revisions in the plans and specifications, or in the quantities of work required for a project, this estimates represents the amount which the owner will pay to the contractor for the completed project. A lump-sum estimate must include the cost of all materials, construction equipment, labor, overhead, insurance, taxes, profit, and bonds required. It is desirable to estimate the costs of materials, equipment, and labor separately for each operation, obtain a subtotal of these costs for the entire project, then estimate the cost of overhead, insurance, taxes, profit, and bonds.

2.2 Unit-cost Estimates

Many projects are bid on a unit-cost basis. Such projects include pavements, curbs and gutters, earthwork, various kinds of pipe lines, clearing and grubbing land, etc. The cost per unit, submitted in a bid, includes the furnishing of materials, equipment, labor, supervision, insurance, taxes, profit, and bonds, as required, for completely installing a unit. The units designated include square yards, cubic yards, linear feet, tons, acres, etc. A separate estimate should be prepared for each type or size unit. The costs of materials, equipment, and labor are determined for each unit. These are designated direct costs. To these costs there must be added a proportionate part of each indirect cost, such as moving in, temporary construction, overhead, insurance, taxes, profit, and bonds since indirect costs are not bet separately.

2.3 Representative Estimates

Numerous examples of estimates are presented in this book to illustrate the steps which should be followed in determining the probable cost of the project. Nominal amounts are included for overhead and profit in some instances to give examples of complete estimates for bid purposes. In other instances only the costs of materials, construction equipment, and labor are included. The latter three costs are referred to as direct costs. They represent the most difficult costs to estimate, and it is with them that we are primarily concerned. In preparing the sample estimate, unit prices for materials, equipment, and labor are used primarily to show how an estimate is prepared. The reader should realize that these unit costs will vary with the time and the location of a project. An estimator must obtain and use unit prices which are correct for the particular project. Estimators do not establish prices: they simply use them. It should be remembered that estimating is not an exact science. Experience, judgment, and care should enable an estimator to prepare an estimate which will reasonably approximate the ultimate cost of the project.

When a project includes several operations, the direct costs for material, equipment, and labor should be estimated separately for each operation, then the indirect costs, for insurance, taxes, overhead, profit, performance bond, etc., should be estimate for the entire project.

Weight of round and square M.S rods

Dia. or sides in inches 3/8 5/8 7/8 1 1 1

Round .167 .376 .668 1.043 1.502 2.044 2.670 4.172 6.008

Square .213 .476 .849 1.328 1.912 2.603 3.400 5.312 7.650

Deformed .466 .717 1.075 1.747 2.796 -

6 CHAPTER (3) COST ESTIMATING FOR TWO STOREYED R.C.C BUILDING WITH GARAGE

COST ESTIMATING FOR TWO STOREYED R.C.C BUILDING WITH GARAGE

Sr. No 1 2 Particular Site Clearing Work Earth excavation works Columns Retaining wall 12-0 Span 10-0 Span 6-0 3 Sand Filling Works 12x10 12x6 1x3 1x1 11-3 11-3 9-3 5-3 0-6 0-6 Sand = 232.02 CFTS Workers = 1.86 Nos. 4 1:3:6 Lean Concrete Works 12-0 Span 10-0 Span 6-0 Spam 1x5 1x6 1x2 11-3 9-3 5-3 2-6 2-6 2-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 Cement = 19.65 Bags Stone = 146.71 CFTS Sand = 73.35 CFTS Masons = 1.53 Nos. Workers = 12.23 Nos 70.31 69.38 13.13 152.82 CFTS 156.09 29.53 285.62 CFTS 1x5 1x6 1x2 9-0 7-0 3-0 2-6 2-6 2-6 3-0 3-0 3-0 Workers = 34.43 Nos. 337.50 315.00 45.00 1147.50 CFTS 1x10 3-0 3-0 5-0 450.00 No 1x1 Detail of Measurement L B H/D 56-0 32-0 Workers = 3Nos. Deduction Content 1792.00 Total of each 1792.00 sfts

Brick Works 13 Brick Offsets 12-0 Span 10-0 Span 6-0 Span 1x5 1x6 1x2 11-3 9-3 5-3 1-1 1-1 1-1 0-3 0-3 0-3 15.75 15.54 2.94

9 Thick Brick R.W 12-0Span 10-0 Span 6-0Span 1x5 1x6 1x2 11-3 9-3 5-3 0-9 0-9 0-9 3-6 3-6 3-6 Cement = 24.73 Bags Brick = 4798.58 Nos Sand = 92.42 CFTS Masons = 14.22 Nos. Workers = 21.33 Nos. 147.66 145.69 27.56 355.14 CFTS

7
Sr. No 7 Detail of Measurement L 4 Brick Work (Walling) ground floor 12-0 Span 10-0 Span 6-0 Span First Floor 12-0 Span 12-0 Span 4-0 Span 10-0 Span 6-0 Span Gable Deduction V2 W2 W4 D1 D2 Ventilation 1x5 1x2 1x13 1x1 1x3 1x2 3-0 4-4 7-8 3-4 6-2 1-6 1-10 4-4 4-4 6-8 2-10 4-0 27.45 37.50 431.74 22.21 52.30 12.00 583.20 Reinforcement (x-met 2 wide) 1380 RFT Brick 9 x 4 3/8 x 2 6600 no. Cement 31.8 bag. Sand 120 CFT Masons 24 no. Workers 36 no. 8 Plastering work with 1:3 cement mortar G.L .to P.L 12 0 Span 36 0 Span See Item No. 7 1x2 1x2 1x2 Cement Sand Masons Workers = 34.79 bag. = 129.90 CFT = 25.98 no. = 51.98 no. 12 9 36 9 2 0 2 0 51.00 147.00 1399.76 2597.76 1199.88 CFTS 1x1 1x3 1x2 1x6 1x3 1xx2 11-7 11-3 3-5 9-3 5-3 36-9 3-0 8-3 3-0 8-3 8-3 4-0 34.74 278.44 20.52 457.88 129.94 147.00 1783.08 1x1 1x6 1x2 11-3 9-3 5-3 9-3 9-3 9-3 104.06 513.38 97.12 B H/D

Particular

No.

Deduction

Content

Total of Each

8
Sr. No 9 Detail of Measurement L Ceiling Work AC Plain Sheet Ceiling Verandah B & W.C + Stair 1x1 1x2 1x1 12 0 5 1 117 4 0 5 3 295 30.85 shts 1.68 cuft 378.00 nos 2. 63 lb 13.13 no. 15.40 cuft. 16 9 18.76 RFT 16.75 RFT. 48.00 57.12 342.39 447.51 SFT B H/D

Particular

No.

Deduction

Content

Total of Each

4x4 Asbestos Beading 1 x 1 Wood screw Nails Carpenters Joist 4x2 10 Ridging work 1x1

24 G 7 GI Plain Sheet

G.I Roofing Nail with washers 0.25 lb Carpenters 11 Roofing Work 1x1 1x1 20 0 23 3 16 9 16 9 64.80 nos. 10.80 lbs. 10.80 nos. 7.20 nos. 0.56 no. 335.00 385.25 720.25 SFT

32 G 7 C.G.I Sheet G.I Roofing Nails Carpenters Workers 12 Timber Work 4 x 2 Rafter 4 x 2 Rafter 3 x 2 Purl in 5 x 2 Tie Beam 4 x 2 Tie Beam 3 x 2 Joist 1x4 1x4 1x17 1x2 1x4 1x13 20 0 13 0 16 0 12 9 12 9 29-7 -

80.00 92.00 272.00 25.00 51.00 385.19

3 x 2 = 657.19 Rft. 4 x 2 = 223.00 Rft 5 x 2 = 25.50 Rft. 41.54 CFT Thitya, Ingin, Pyingado Nails & Spikes Carpenters 45.69 CFT 12.79 lbs. 9.97 no.

9
Sr. No 13 Detail of Measurement L Flooring P.T.G 1x1 29-7 B 12 0 H/D 355.56 355.56 SFT

Particular

No.

Deduction

Content

Total of Each

4 x 1 PTG Nails Carpenters Workers 14 5 x 2 Pyinkado Chawket work MD D1 D2 D4 W2 V2 1x1 1x1 1x3 1x13 1x2 1x5

38.97 CFT 7.1 lb 7 no. 3.5 no.

26-3 16-8 15-2 32-4 17-4 12-6

26.25 RFT 16.67 RFT 45.48 RFT 420.29RFT 34.66 RFT 62.50 RFT 605.85 42.07 CFT

Pyingado Nails & Spikes Carpenter 15 Plastic Emulsion Paint for walling(three coats)See Item no. 8 16 Ready Mixed Paint three coats for D&W MD D1 D2 D4 W2 V2 1x1 1x1 1x3 1x13 1x2 1x5 11-3 3-4 6-2 7-8 4-4 3-0 Emulsion Paint Painter

46.28 CFT 11.78 lb 10.10 no. 12.99 Gal 19.49 no. 2597.76 SFT

7-8 6-8 2-10 4-4 4-4 1-10

86.29 22.21 52.30 431.74 37.50 27.45 657.49 SFT

Ready Mixed Paint Putty Painters Workers 17 1 thick paneled door Teak MD D1 D2 1x1 1x1 1x3 10-11 3-0 2-6

49.28 lb 2.63 lb 8.21 no. 6.57 no.

7-6 6-6 6-0

81.9 19.5 45.0 146.4 SFT

10
Sr. No Detail of Measurement L 4 x 1 Teak wood 1 Thick Teak Paneled Wire Nail Carpenters 18 1 Thick Teak Glared window work W4 W4 W2 V2 1x2x3 1x13 1x2 1x2x5 1 - 6 4 4 1 6 4 4 4 1 6 315.62 SFT 40.46 CFT 8.72 lb 104.63 no. 156.00 208.00 32.00 22.5 418.5 SFT B H/D 13.58 CFT 4.48 CFT 4 48 37.93 nos.

Particular

No.

Deduction

Content

Total of Each

Window glass pane Styles & Top & bottom Nail 4 x 1 Nail & glue Carpenters 19 1:2:4 cement cone: for column, roof beam, ground beam, floor beam, footing Column footing Column Ground beam 12 Span 10 Span 6 Span 9 x 6 Floor Beam 12- 0 Span 4- 0 Span 6- 0 Span 9 x 9 Roof Beam 12- 0 Span 10- 0 Span 6- 0 Span 9 x 5 Roof Beam 12- 0 Span 4- 0 Span 1x1 1x2 0 9 0 9 1x5 1x6 1x2 0 9 0 9 0 9 1x1 1x2 1x1 0 9 0 9 0 9 1x5 1x6 1x2 0 9 0 9 0 9 1x10 1x10 3 0 0 9

3- 0 0 9

1- 0 25- 0

90.00 140.63

0 9 0 9 0 9

11- 3 9- 3 5- 3

31.64 31.22 5.91

0 6 0 6 0 6

11- 2 11-2 5- 3

4.19 8.41 1.97

0 9 0 9 0 9

11- 3 9- 3 5- 3

31.64 31.22 5.91

0 5 0 5

11- 2 11-2

3.32 7.06 393.12 CFT

11

Sr. No

Particular

No. Cement Stone Masons Workers

Detail of Measurement L 85.33 bag 425.04 CFT 4.62 no. 46.20 no. B H/D

Deduction

Content

Total of Each

12

CHAPTER (4)

EXERCISES ON BILL OF QUANTITIES AND ESTIMATIONS FOR

ONE STOREYED R.C.C WARE-HOUSE BUILDING

ONE STOREYED TIMBER BUILDING

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. (a) The given two storey R.C Residential building is under construction. Calculate the required amount of brick, cement, sand and aggregate for the following items of works. (i) (ii) R.C.C. foundation for column footings. 9 thick brick retaining walls.

(b) Compute the total estimated cost for the material and labour of items, (i) and (ii) in the local prices for the materials and labour rates are given below; Brick = K. 12.00/nos, Cement = K. 1500.00/bag, Sand = K. 2300.00/100 cu ft Aggregate = K.11000.00/100cu ft., Master masons = K. 600.00 /day, Workers = K. 400.00/day.

2. Extract the detail measurement of the following items of works; (a) 4thick (1:2:4) cement concrete flooring works. (b) 6 thick (1:3:6) lean concrete under retaining walls.

3. (a) The given one and half storey brick nogging building is under construction. Calculate the required amount of brick, cement, sand and aggregate for the following items of works. (i) (ii) 9 thick brick retaining walls. 6 thick (1:3:6) lean concrete works.

(b) Compute the total estimated cost for the material and labour changes of items, (i) to (ii). The local prices of estimated cost for the materials and labour rates are given below; Brick = K. 20.00/nos, Cement = K. 3000.00/bag, Sand = K. 3000.00/100 cu ft Aggregate= K.40000.00/100cu ft., Master masons= K. 1200.00 /day, Workers= K. 500.00/day.

4. Extract the detail measurement of the following items of works; (a) 4x 1 P.T.G floor areas. (b) 4 thick brick walling.

Standard of References 1. Brick work in cement mortar (1:3) [For 100 cu ft] cement brick sand masons workers = 780 lbs = 1350 nos. = 26 cu ft. = 4 nos. = 6 nos.

2. Cement concrete work (1:3:6) [For 100 cu ft] cement sand aggregate masons workers = 1440 lbs = 48 cu ft. = 96 cu ft. = 4 nos. = 8 nos.

5. (a) The given two storey R.C Residential building is under construction. Calculate the required amount of brick, cement, sand, aggregate, timber and C.G.I sheet roofing for the following items of works. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 3 thick sand filling work below the ground surface. 9 thick brick work with (1:3) cement mortar for super structure. thick (1:3) cement mortar plastering works. Reinforced concrete work for slabs, columns, column footings, ground and floor beams. (v) (vi) Timber work for pyinkadoes. 32.G. C.G.I sheet roofing works.

(b) Compute the total estimated cost for the material and labour charges of items (i) to (vi). The local prices of estimated cost for the material and labour rates are given below. Brick=K.7.00/nos.,Cement=K.900.00/bag.,Sand=K.1000.00/100cft.,Aggregate=7000.00/100cft Pyinkadoe=K.80000.00/tan.,Mastermasons(or)carpenters=K.500.00/nos.,workers=K.300.00/nos . 6. Extract the detail measurement of the following items of works; (a) Earth work excavation for foundations. (b) 9 thick retaining walls.

(c) 4thick (1:3:6) lean concrete layer under retaining walls. (d) 4thick brick work with (1:3) cement mortar for interior walls.

7. (a) Columns, column footings, R.C slabs, Ground and first floor beams structural drawing are given. Extract the detail measurements and calculate the required amount of steels side concrete cover=1 and End concrete cover=2. Bar dia 3/8 5/8 Unit wt. 0.167 lb/ft. 0.376 lb/ft. 0.167 lb/ft.

(b) If the local price of MS. bars is K.90000.00/tan, Calculate the estimated cost for the reinforcements.

8.(a) The given one storey R.C.C. ware house building is under construction. Calculate the required amount of brick, cement, sand and aggregate for the following items of works. (i) (ii) R.C.C foundations for the column footings. 9 thick Brick Retaining walls.

(b) Compute the total estimated cost for the material and labour of items, (i) and (ii) in the local prices for the materials and labour rates are given below; Brick=K.12.00/no.,Cement=K.1500.00/bag,Sand=K.2000.00/100cuft,Aggregate=K.10000.00/100cuft Master masons=K.600.00/day.,Worker=K.400.00/day.

9. Extract the detail measurement of the following items of works. (a) 6 thick (1:3:6) learn concrete under retaining walls. (b) 4 thick brick wall with (1:3) cement mortar for up to 80.

10. Extract the detail measurements and calculate the required amount of 32G. C.G.I sheet roofing works. If the local price of C.G.I sheet roofing is K.100.00/ft. Calculate the estimated cost of the C.G.I sheet roofing.

11. Plinth beams, columns and columns footings structural drawing are given. Extract the detail measurements and calculate the required amount of steels, side cover=1 and end cover=2. If the local price of M.S bars is K. 150000.00/tan. calculate the estimated cost of the reinforcement.

12(a). What information is included in preliminary specifications? (b). Write general specifications for the following; (i) (ii) Curing of slabs. Insulation of floors.

13(a). The given two storey R.C.C are garage building is under construction. Calculate the required amount of brick, cement, sand and aggregate for the following items of works; (i) (ii) R.C.C foundation for column footings. 9thick brick retaining walls.

(b). Compute the total estimated cost for the material and labour of items, (i) and (ii) in the local prices for the materials and labour rates are given below; Brick=K.10.00/no.,Cement=K.1200.00/bag.,Sand=K.1100.00/100cuft.,Aggregate=K.8000.00/100cuft. Wire nails=K.200.00/ft., (4x4)AC plain sheet=K.850.00/sht., Workers=K.350.00/day., Master masons=K.600.00/day.,Master carpenters=K.500.00/day.

14. Survey the ceiling works and give the Bills of Quantity for it.

15. Extract the detail measurement of the following items of works; (a) thick with (1:3) cement mortar plastering work for 4thick brick walls. (b) 4 x 1 P.T.G flooring areas.

16(a). Floor beams, joists, rafters, purlins structural drawing are given. Extract the detail measurements and calculate the required amount of timbers. (b). If the local price of Pyinkado wood is K.96000.00/tan. Calculate the estimate cost of the Pyinkado woods.

PART (II) CHAPTER (5) EXERCISES ON BILL OF QUANTITIES & ESTIMATIONS FOR: ONE STOREYED R.C.C OFFICER AVENUE BUILDING