200 9

Group 1 SMAN 2 Kendari 9/6/2009

Unit 1: Introducing people

Content s:
ORGANIZATION Paragraph form

GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS What is a sentence? Subjects and verbs End-of-sentence punctuation Capitalization five rules

SENTENCE STRUCTURE Simple sentences Connecting words: and, or Sentence combining

THE WRITING PROCESS Free writing Editing

Prewriting: Taking Notes

Taking notes is a way to brainstorm ideas. Firstly, you need to brainstorm some ideas. Next, ask your classmate some question. Then, try to write down the important information. In this activity, you have to take notes your friends answer.

ACTIVIT Y

1. Look at List topic below. With a friend, make up some questions about the topics. Discuss it which question will be OK to ask. Your teacher will help you to write the questions on the whiteboard.

Sample questions: Sample notes: What is your complete name? Trinadia Utami What is your hobby? Playing badminton Where are you from? Kendari, Indonesia How long have you lived in Kendari? Ten years

2. Choose a partner. Take some notes by asking her or him the questions. Keep the notes. You will use it later to write your own paragraph about your partner.

3. In front of the class, introduce your friends identity by telling his or her answers. Note: OK OK Information (Classmates Answers) Notes

Complete name

Age

Address in Kendari Hobbies Parents job Religion Status School City and country Favorite food Job or profession Salary Vocation activity Plans for future (You and your class may add other question)

Part 1

Organization

A paragraph is about single topic in a sentence. The topic of a paragraph is one, and only one idea. The first word in a paragraph is about one half inch to the right. It is called indenting the first word. Also there is blank space down both left and right sides of the page. It is called margins. Each paragraph should have a title. A title tells a few in few words tell 1. Write the title the of your paragraph on the top line. a few words about topic of the paragraph. A title is short and usually not in complete sentence. 2. Leave margins (blank spaces) of about an inch the left and right Example: sides of your paper. My Friend 3. Brotherhood Skip a line and start writing on the third line. Parent 4. My Indent the first sentence about one-half inch from the left margin. How to Make a Fried Banana 5. are Begin each sentence at thea end of the preceding one. Here some rules for writing paragraph.
6. Write it on every other line, make correction and write comments. 7. If word is too long, write the whole words on the next writing line. 8. Do not try to divide a long word if you dont know the rules to do. See the guide lines in appendix D at the back of the book.

My friend My classmate is ida Mariani. She is from Model Paragraph Jakarta. She came to kendari with her family in 1999. She is single. She lives with her parents, her Write a paragraph like thisand paragraph below. sister, her brother in a house. Ida is taking
Title in center

science class at her school. She likes to read novels,

listen to music, and travelling. She plans when she Indent for the first sentence finishes her school, she will continue to English Study Program at Haluoleo University. Skip a line or A Space

Margin

My friend My classmate is Kamarudin. She is from Manado. Work with a partner or individual PRACTI She came to with her 1. kendari Find incorrect word paragraph below. CE family in 1999. Paragraph Form 2. Rewrite it on a piece of paper to the correct She is single. one. It her should in one her paragraph. She lives with parents, sister, and her brother in a house. Ida is taking science class at her school. She likes to read novels, listen to music, and travelling. She plans when she finishes her school, she will continue to English Study Program at Haluoleo University.

WRITIN G PRACTI CE

Introducing a Classmate
In this activity, after interviewed your classmate, make a paragraph on page 2. Now, read about how to write a good paragraph.

The Writing Process: An Introduct ion

In the writing process, there are four steps to be a good writer: Prewriting, get idea and organize them, Writing, write the first draft, Editing, check and correct your fist draft Revising, rewrite the final draft to hand in. Note: your teacher will ask you to rewrite again after he or she has check it.

STEP 1: Prewritin gTaking notes

In the prewriting step, taking notes is used to collect briefly the ideas to write about. For instance, students get notes from class lectures, or reading assignment. Then, write notes on each paragraph. On page 2, you made some notes after your friend answered your questions. Use the notes to write your own paragraph.

STEP 2: Writing the First Draft

STEP 3: Editing the First Draft

Give the paragraph a title: My friend. Firstly, write our friends name with: My friends name is (you may write with different sentence) Use your notes on page 2 to make sentence about your friends. Include pictures where possible. End the paragraph by telling how you feel about your friend. Make in one or two sentences. For example, Im glad to have as my best friend. I hope we will be always together. To edit well, firstly you check it, make changes, and give corrections. It will be more interesting to communicate your meaning if you write clearer. There are four steps in editing your paragraph: Firstly, check the meaning. Does it communicate and clear for you? If not, make changes. Next, check the mechanics. Try to look for mistakes in punctuation, grammar, and spelling. If you find the mistakes, correct them Thirdly, ask your partner to check the meaning and if the information is unclear and incorrect. If the answer is yes, make some changes. Finally, ask your partner to check the mechanics. Check it for punctuation and spelling. Then fix them if she finds the mistakes. Also, ask other student or the teacher if youre disagree to the mistake.

Partners: it is a good idea to give a comment on the interesting content, the neat writing or anything else in your friends paragraph.

STEP 4: Writing the Final Draft

Write the final draft in paragraph that has been corrected. Hand in to the teacher.

Unit 1
PART 2What is a sentence?

Grammar and Mechanics

How do you know what a sentence is? You will learn more about sentences later, but for now, you should know this deinition:

A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

These are sentences:

1. He is a student 2. Speed kills 3. Its hot today 4. He looks angry 5. Are you happy? 6. Who is there? 7. A student bought a new book 8. Does your teacher work with you? 9. Where did you buy a new book? 10. Hurry! (The sunject in this sentece is You) These are not sentences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hot weather. (There is no veb) The student prepared. (This is not a complete thought) Because it hot. ( This is not a complete thought) Is very beautiful. (There is no subject) Every morning before study (There is no subject or verb)

PRACTI CE:
Recogni zing Sentences

Work with a partner.

1. Read each group of words out loud 2. Decide which ones are complete sentences and which ones are not. 3. Write yes next to the complete sentences and no next to the nonsentences 4. Explain why the nonsentences are not sentences. Example: No is very hot today. ( There is no subject ) Yes it is vey hot today.( )

1. )

My new classmate from Mandonga. (

2. )

He speaks three languages fluently. (

3.

Is very clever. (

4. 5. )

When she study here. ( She wants to get her homework book now. (

6.

He is not married. (

7. )

Enjoys many sports, like football, badminton, etc. (

8.

Dont worry!(

9.

Help! (

10.

They didnt like. (

11. )

Because they are new students. (

12.

They dont want. (

Subjects and verb

Every sentence must have at least one subject and one verb in order to be a sentence. Some sentences must have other parts in order to express a complete thought. The man bought is not a sentence because it does not express a complete thought. We need to know what he bought. Subjects and verbs are the most important parts of a sentence. In English, the subject of a sentence is always expresses except in a command: Hurry! ( we know that the subject is you

The subjects tells who or what did something. It is a noun or pronoun.

My classmate lost the keys to his motorcycle. (Who lost the keys? My classmate)

The motorcycle hit the student. (What hit the student? The car)

Football and badminton are my favorite sports in the school. (What are my favorite sports in the school? Football and badminton)

The verb often tells the action. However, sometimes a verb doesnt tell an action. Sometimes it just links the subject with the rest of the sentence.

Action verbs The motorcycle hit the student. My classmate lost his motorcycle keys. My family lives in a Pariwisata street. His teammate found them. Linking Verbs Volleyball and badminton is my favorite sport in the school She feel tired She look happy I am happy that my classmate is a good friend

The most common linking verbs are be, become, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste.

PRACTI CE:
Finding subject

Work with a partner

And Verbs 1. Underline the subject with one line. 2. Underline the verbs with two lines. 3. Write S or V above each underlined word. Examples: My best friend is in the second class

He listen to the music and does his homework at the same time.

1. My best friend is Butonese 2. He likes the Mathematics but he hate the sport. 3. She didnt go to school yesterday. 4. This semester, he is studying English and Computer science. 5. My fiend and I dont have any classes together. 6. Doni speaks and understand English very well. 7. On Weekends my friend and I going to the Kendari beach 8. I dont have a computer 9. Smile! 10. 11. Be Happy1 Dont worry!

End-of Sentences
Punctuation

A sentence ends with a period (.), an exclamation point (!), or a question mark (?)

A sentence normally ends with a period if a sentence is a question, use a question mark.

Where do you school? Are you study or not? They dont have any homework tonight, do they?

You can use an exclamation point after words, phrases, or sentences to show strong emotion and after an urgent command.

Wow! What a nice surprise! We were really confused! Help!

PRACTIC E:
End-of-Sentence

Punctuation

Work by yourself or with a partner. Place a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point at the end of each sentence.

Examples:

How many subject do you study? I speak only one.

1. How long has she been in Kendari city? 2. She has been in Kendari city for only three years. 3. In Senior High School 2 Kendari there are a lot of subjects 4. Stop that cheated 5. Did anyone do the homework 6. The school was so crowded that we dont know each other 7. Are you going to hand in your homework 8. You are going to hand in your homework, arent you 9. It is a competition 10. Put it on the table

PRACTIC E:

Work by yourself or with partner.

Punctuating Sentences

1. Decide where sentences begin and end in this paragraph. (There are fourteen sentences). 2. Add punctuation at the end of each sentence. 3. Change the firs letter of each new sentence to a capital.
Introducing Myself My name is Siska. I live at Jl. Permata Kampus Baru. I was born on June 10, 1989. My fathers name is Arianto. He is a lecturer in the fishery faculty of Haluoleo University. My hobby is reading comic. Im a student of SMAN 2 Kendari at the second grade. My idea is being an English teacher because I like to teach and share my knowledge to other people. My favorite foods are sate pokea, sinonggi, kambose, and kasuami. Lastly, my favorite drinks are sarabba, es teller, es

Capitalization: Five Rules

In English there are many rules for using capital letters. Here are five important ones.

RULES Capitalize: 1. The first word in a sentence Kurnia 2. The pronoun/alone library 3. Names of people and their tittles Bambang Yudhoyono

EXAMPLES My name is Wa Ode Tomorrow I will go to the King Fahri President Susilo Professor Limbad Wa Suriana

BUT not a tittle without a name teacher?

He is a chairman Have you meet your

Exception : A title without class had collected our assignment if it refers to specific person.

name

is

The Chairman of the sometimes capitalized

4. Nationalities, languages, religions, and ethnics groups Munanese

Indonesian,

English Tolakinese

Moeslem

NOTE: dont capitalize school science subject except names of nationalities, languages, vernacular religion, and so forth 5. Specific places you could Monapa find on a map Mosque

calculus math

computer history latin

Kendari Beach MTQ

Wonua Agung

PRACTIC E: Capitalization

Work with a partner

1. Write your own examples for capitalization rules 3-5. 2. Ask your teacher for help with spelling or use a dictionary.

Rule 3
a queen

a president

a doctor

a mayor or governor

Rule 4
a language

a nationality

an ethnic group

a religion

Rule 5
a street

a city of town

a state

a country

a sea or an ocean

an island

a lake

a river

a park

a square

PRACTIC E:
Capitalization

Work by yourself or with a partner. Change this small letter to the capital letter wherever necessary in the following paragraph.

NURFITRIANI ARIFIN

My name is Nurfitriani Arifin, and I have had usual life like the other people. I have been both a student and an instructor in a course plays. I was born in 1987 in the small village in Kendari which is a large city in South East Sulawesi. My father Arifin was a teacher in SMA 4 Kendari. As a child, I took care my family and I want to be like my father. I decided to become a teacher because I want to share my knowledge.

WRITING PRACTISE 2

Introducing Yourself

Write a paragraph about yourself. Practice what you have learned about paragraph form. Putting periods of the end of sentences and capitalization.

Use the same four steps in writing this paragraph that you used in writing paragraph about your classmate: take notes, write the firs daft edit it, and write the final draft to hand in.

STEP 1 : Prewriting Take notes

Write a brief answer to each answer o the line provided. These are the notes you will use to write full sentences in the next step.

What is your complete name?

Where do you live?

When and where were you born?

What is your nationality?

What languages do you speak?

Where did you go to school before this school?

What were your favorite school subjects?

Did you study a foreign language in school?

Do you have any hobbies?

What do you do in your free time?

What are your plan for the future?

STEP 2 Write the first draft Now write your answer in complete sentences. Use correct paragraph form as in the model in the page 4. Give your paragraph this title: INTRODUCING MY SELF. Pay special attention to putting periods at the end of all your sentences and using capital letters correctly.

STEP 3 Edit the first draft

Follow these editing steps: First, check the meaning. Read your paragraph silently to your self. Does it say what you want it to say about you? Is the meaning of all of the sentences clear? If not, make changes. Next, check the mechanics. Read it silently again. This time look for mistake in punctuation, grammar spelling and capitalization. If you find any mistakes, fix them. Use the paragraph checklist below as a guide. Put a check next to every item on the list. Third, have your partner check the meaning. Read your paragraph aloud to your partner. As your partner f any sentences were not clear. If the answer is yes, make changes. Finally, have your partner check the mechanics. Ask your partner to read your paragraph silently and to check each item on the paragraph

checklist. If he or she finds any mistakes fix them. If you and your partner dont agree about a possible mistakes ask a third student or the teacher.

PARTNER: as you did in writing practice I, you will help your classmate write a clear, correct paragraph by your careful editing. Firs, listen to paragraph. Does it make sense? Is it clear? Second, read it silently and check it against the paragraph Checklist. Again, dont correct anything you are not sure about. And remember to make one or two positive comments about your classmates writing skills!

PARAGRAPH CHECKLIST

FORM

Check the paragraph form. Does the paragraph look like the model on page 4?

GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS

Check for capital letters

Check the spelling

Is there a period at the end of all sentences

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Check the sentences. Do they have at least one subject and one verb, and do they express a complete thought?

STEP 4: Write the final draft

Write a neat final draft of your paragraph to hand in to the teacher.

Part 3 SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Sentence is a group of words that contains at least one subject and one verb. It also expresses a complete though. There are four kinds of sentence viewed by its components. They are as follows: a. b. c. d. Simple sentence Compound sentence Complex sentence Compound-complex sentence

Simple sentence is a sentence that has one subject-verb combination. Some component in a simple sentence can be compound whether its subject, verb, or both of them. The combination of subject and verb in simple sentence can be formulated as follows:

a. SV : Simple subject with simple verb Example : My teacher speaks English well.

b. SSV : compound subject with simple verb Example : My teacher and my friend speak English well.

c. SVV : simple subject with compound verb Example : My friend is a instructor and has good salary.

d. SSVV : compound subject with compound verb Example : Dian and Ida speak and write English well.

However, if the sentence has two subject-verb combinations, it is called compound sentence. Compound sentences are generally formulated as: SV, (connecting word) SV. For example: My brother lives in Tinanggea, and my sister lives in Kolaka. More explanation about Compound Sentence are in the Unit 2.

Practice: Simple Sentence Patterns

Look at the passage, and then look for the following instruction! 1. Underline the subjects with one line. 2. Underline the verbs with two lines. 3. Write S or V above each underlined words. 4. Finally, write the formula for the sentence. 5. Example: My grandfather loves to fish and often takes me with him to his favorite fishing place. Formula :SSV

My Grandfather

1 2

My grandfather is old in years but young in spirit.

Everyday, he swims in his pool and works in his garden. 3He and
5

my grandmother were married fifty years ago. 4They have for children and ten grandchildren. My grandfather loves parties and invites our entire family to his house for a big dinner on his birthday. 6All twenty of us eat and tell stories half of the night.
7

He never gets tired and is always the last to go to bed. 8On his

last birthday, my brother and I gave him a present. We all put

PRACTIC E:

our money together and bought him a video game system.

10

Now, he wants us to come over to his house every weekend.

Connecting Words: and, or

Connecting words in English is usually called as conjunction. We often need conjunction to connect words or groups of word in a sentence. There are many kinds of conjunction in English. Two of the mist common ones are and and or. But they have different meanings and function.

and joins two or more similar things in positive sentences. Example: I like sinonggi and kasuami. We have class on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.

or connects two or more similar things in negative sentences. Example: I dont like sinonggi or kasuami. I cannot sing, dance, and speech in public places.

or also connects two or more choices or alternatives. Example: I would go to Raha, Wakatobi, or Wanci on my next holiday.

Practice: Using and, or

Combine the two sentences in each pair to make one sentence. Use and or or according to the meaning.

Example: I like kambose. I like kasuami. I like kambose and kasuami.

1. I can speak English. I can write English. _____________________________________________

2. I cannot sing. I cannot dance. _____________________________________________

3. Blue is my favorite color. Yellow is my favorite color. _____________________________________________

4. Would you like tea? Would you like tea? (choices) _____________________________________________

5. He cannot see. He cannot hear. _____________________________________________

Sentence Combining
Sentence combining is an exercise to improve your sentence-writing skills. There are some several correct ways to combine the sentences. They are as follows: 1. Do not repeat words if possible. For example, in the first sentence bellow, do not repeat I am a. You may omit words, but dont omit any important information.

2. You may change words. For example, you may change a noun to a pronoun or make a singular word plural. 3. You may add words. For example, in the second sentence bellow, you need to add the connecting word and. Example: 1. a. I am an artist. b. I am famous

2. a. I have black eyes. b. I have a long black hair.

I am a famous artist. I have black eyes and a long black hair.

Practice: Sentence Combining

Combine the sentences in each group to make one sentence. There may be more than one possible correct way to combine each group. 1. a. I am a figure. b. I am famous.

2. a. I have white hair. b. I have a long white beard.

3. a. I always wear a suit. b. The suit is red.

4. a. Adults like me. b. Children like me.

5. a. Every year I take a trip. b. The trip is long.

c. I do this on a special night.

Part 3 WRITING PROCESS

In this section, you will write a paragraph about your family. First, answer these questions to see if you have learned the main points of Unit 1.

Review Questions

1. Organization What does a paragraph look like? What is indenting? What are margins? What is a title, and where do you write it? What should you do when a word is too long to fit at the end of a line? 2. Grammar and Mechanics What is a sentence? What is a subject? What is a verb? What are the punctuation marks that you can use at the end of the sentence? When do you use each of them? What are five rules for capitalizing words in English? 3. Sentence Structure What is a simple sentence? What are four simple sentence formulas? What kind of ideas do you connect with and? When do you use or? (Give 2 answers)

FREEWRITING

Free writing is a way to get ideas. When you free write, you choose a topic, and then you sit down and write whatever sentences come into your mind about the topic. Dont worry about the grammar, spelling, or punctuation, and dont worry about putting the ideas in order. You dont even have to write complete sentences. Just write everything that comes into your mind about your topic. If you cannot think of an English word, write it in your own language. The goal is to keep writing for about ten minutes without stopping. Write horizontally across the paper as you do when you do a letter or a formal paragraph.

Here is an example of free writing.

Free Writing about My Teacher

My English teacher is very good. He is a kind and smart teacher. The best teacher. He always makes us laugh in the classroom. His smile looks nice. When students see him, he usually greets them. He is also a funny teacher because he likes to make a joke when he is teaching. Every Monday, he teaches us in the classroom. He speaks English fluently and easy to understand. He also gives his student some useful advices, so we can be motivated to learn. He is also a discipline teacher. He always comes on time in the classroom when he has a subject. My English teacher is really great in teaching. He never makes us bored during he is explaining his material. I enjoy the learning process which is handled by him reallyAfter much. you have written about ten minutes, read what you have

written and look for ideas that you can use in your paragraph. Cross out ideas that you will not use. Circle the ideas that you can use. In the example on the next page, the students decided to write about her teachers method in teaching process. She crossed out the parts about joke. She circled the ideas that seem useful.

Free Writing about My Teacher

My English teacher is very good. He is a kind and smart teacher. The best teacher. He always makes us laugh in the classroom. His smile looks nice. When students see him, he usually greets them. He is also a funny teacher because he likes to make a joke when he is teaching. Every Monday, he teaches us in the classroom. He speaks English fluently and easy to understand. He also gives his student some useful advices, so we can be motivated to learn. He is also a discipline teacher. He always comes on time in the classroom when he has a subject. My English teacher is really great in teaching. He never makes us bored during he is explaining his material. I enjoy the learning process which is handled by him really much.

WRITING PRACTICE 4. Introducing Your Friend. Work by yourself. Write a paragraph about your friend or one person in your school. Use paragraph My Teacher as a model. Practice everything you have learned in this unit. Use this steps: gather ideas by freewriting, write the first draft, edit your work, and write the final draft to hand in.

STEP 1: Prewritin gGet Ideas

1. Free write about your family for about ten minutes. 2. Write a Who am I? in a paragraph. Write it in the first person such as I, me and my. 3. Write a paragraph about your close friend.

STEP 2: Write the First Draft

Write the paragraph with a sentence. Describe your family in general. For example: my family is a happy family. Then write ten to fifteen sentences about that.

STEP 3: Edit the First Draft

Use the editing steps. Edit in own paper. Ask a classmate to edit it also. Paragraph Checklist FORM Check the paragraph form GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS spelling Capital Letters SENTENCE STRUCTURE sentence Check

STEP 4: Write the Final Draft

Write a neat paragraph to be final draft and hand in to the teacher.