Electricity Millikans Oil Drop Experiment resulted in an experimental value for the elementary charge.

. Describe the experiment and its results. Explain the whining sound that is sometimes heard after a professional external camera flash is fired. Electric eels have special nerve endings bundled together in their tails that can produce 30 volts in small electric eels to 600 volts in larger eels. They can also generate electric fields. How might the electric eel use the potential difference and the electric field in generates? Birds on electric wires do not get electrocuted. Explain why. When an electrician is working on power lines, he or she is careful to not touch something with a different voltage. The electrician may even work with one hand behind his or her back. Explain why. Early electric Christmas lights were introduced in the 1880s. The first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree was the creation of Edward H. Johnson, as associate of Thomas Edison. They were being used widespread by the 1930s. The technology has evolved from using series to parallel configurations. Explain how this works and why there was a change. In an experiment designed to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water, two ordinary pencils with both ends sharpened are placed through a cardboard piece that rests in water that has had some added salt. The tops of the pencils are each attached to a 9 volt battery with electrical wiring. Explain the significance of each component. Explain why this lab will work. A Leyden jar is a device that stores static electricity between two electrodes in the inside and outside of a glass jar. It was the original form of a capacitor. Explain the roles of the electrodes, dielectric, and insulator. Explain how a larger charge could be had.

Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several jars in parallel into a capacitor battery to increase the total possible charge. The term battery was coined by Benjamin Franklin. Explain the role of a battery in a circuit. (Follow-Up) Describe how a closed circuit would be affected by more than one battery, whether in series, parallel, or some other configuration.

Magnetism No magnetic force acts upon a current-carrying conductor when it is placed in a certain manner in a uniform magnetic field. Explain. Is it possible to induce a constant emf for an infinite amount of time? Explain. There are two ways that electricity and magnetism are related. Give both. Magnetic declination is the angular difference between magnetic north pole and the geographic North Pole. When he pulled out his compass, what did Columbus discover as he was crossing the Atlantic Ocean in 1492? A compass is a magnetized needle placed on a low-friction pivot point. Explain how a compass works to point north. Earths magnetic field acts as a barrier and shield. Explain how that might be the case. Why is it dangerous to be wearing a large biomagnet walking through an airport screener or through an MRI device? Explain what a magnetic domain is, how it can be realigned to create temporary magnetism, and how it can be removed. Waves What type of wave is an ocean wave? In 1895 Guglielmo Marconi, a twenty-year-old inventor, created a device that transmitted and received electromagnetic radio waves over a one kilometer distance. He won the 1909 Nobel prize in physics. Are radio waves sound wave? Explain.

Two methods exist for transmitting information with a radio wave: AM and FM. AM stands for amplitude modulation and FM stands for frequency modulation. Elaborate on these definitions.

People using microwave ovens want to see the food cooking inside the oven, yet not be bombarded by potentially harmful microwaves. What is the function of the grating on the door of a microwave over and how does it work?

A radar gun emits waves of a particular frequency toward a moving vehicle which are then reflected back. Explain how police use the Doppler Effect in radar guns to determine if a vehicle is speeding.

In the 1660s, English scientist Robert Boyle proved that sound waves need to travel through a medium to transmit sound. How fast does sound travel in different media?

Ultrasound is a method for looking inside a persons body to examine tissue and liquid based organs and systems without physically entering the body. It is sometimes used instead of x-rays. Explain how ultrasounds and x-rays work. Explain why an ultrasound may be used instead of an x-ray in some cases. Explain why an ultrasound is not used to examine bone structures.