RINGKASAN BAHASA INGGRIS SEMSTER 4 1. Simple Present and Present Progressive A.

Simple Present Stative verb (pekerjaan tidak nyata) : - Smell - Taste - Believe - Hate 1. Progressive is smelling. 2. Present Simple Smell (I, you, we, they (plural)). 3. Present Simple Smells (he, she, it (singular)). Ex : John walks to school every day. They always swims in the evening. We want to leave now.

Like Have Feel Seem

B. Present Progressive Subject + (is,am,are) + (verb -ing) Ex : - Jhon is eating dinner now - We are leaving for the theater at seven oclock. 2. Past Tense and Past Progressive A. Past Tense Ex : - John went to Bayongbong last year. - Maria did her home work last night. B. Past Progresive Tunggal : WAS (I, he, she, he, it). Jamak : WERE (you, we, they). S + (was, were) + (verb+ing) When : Ketika While : Sedangkan o When When + simple past + past progressive when Mark came home, Martha was watching television . Past progressive + when + simple past Martha was watching television when Mark came home . o While

Past Progressive + while + past progressive Martha was watching television while John was reading a book . While + past progressive + past Progressive While John was reading a book, Martha was watching television . Note : While + past progressive + simple past While Martha was watching television, John read a book . 3. Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive A. Present Perfect S + (have, has) + V3 + Object Have : I, you, we, they (Plural) Has : She, he, it (singular) Kata keterangan : Since (sejak) For (selama) Ex : - John has traveled around the world - George has seen this movie three times - John has lived in the same house for twenty years. - John has lived in the same house since 1993. Yet : masih belum Already : sudah/telah S + (have, has) + already + v3 S + (have, has) + not + v3 + yet Ex : - We have already written our reports. - We havent written our reports yet. B. Present Perfect Progressive S + (Have, Has) + been + V-ing Ex : - John has been living in the same house for twenty years. 4. Past Perfect S + had + v3 John had gone to the store before he went home . Before/After Past perfect + Before + Simple Past John had gone to the store before he went home. Simple past + After + Past Perfect John went home after he had gone to the store.

Before + simple past + past perfect Before John went home, he had gone to the store . After + past perfect + simple past After John had gone to the store, he went home . 5. Words That Always Take Singular Verbs And Pronouns A. Kata-kata yang selalu dalam bentuk tunggal Any : anyone, anybody, anything. No : no one, nobody, nothing. Some : somebody, someone, something. Every : everybody, everyone. Everything, Each : each one, each person. Ex : - Something was under the house. - No problem is harder to solve than this one. - Nobody works harder than John does. B. NONE/NO None + of the + non-count noun + singular verb none one of the counterfeit many has been found . None + of the + plural count noun + plural verb none of the student have finished the exam yet . No + singular noun/NCN + singular verb no example is relevant to this case . No + plural noun + plural verb no examples are relevant to this case . C. EITHER/NEITHER Neither + noun + nor + plural noun + plural verb Either + noun + or + plural noun + plural verb neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today . either John or his friends are going to the beach today . Neither + noun + nor + singular noun + singular verb Either + noun + or + singular noun + singular verb neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today . either John or Bill is going to the beach today . D. GERUNDS (kata kerja/ v-ing) harus SINGULAR Ex : o Dieting is very popular today. o Being cordial is one of his greatest assets.

E. COLLECTIVE NOUNS (bermakna jamak berbentuk tunggal) harus SINGULAR Congress Jury Class Organization Group Crowd Government Army Public Family Committee Team Club Ex : - The family was elated by the news. - The crowd was wild excitement. - Our team is going to win the game. KUMPULAN Flock of birds, sheep The herd of cattle Pack of dogs School of fish Pride of lion Ex : - The flock of birds is flying away. - The herd of cattle is breaking away. Collective nouns indicating time, money, and measurements SINGULAR. o Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. o Fifty minutes isnt enough time to finish this test. o Two miles is too much to run in one day. F. A NUMBER OF/THE NUMBER OF A Number of + plural noun + plural verb The Number of + plural noun + SINGULAR VERB a number of students are going to yhe class picnic. . (a number of = many) the number of days in a week is seven . G. NOUNS THAT ARE ALWAYS PLURAL Scissors = gunting Trousers = celana Shorts = celana pendek Eyeglasses = kacamata Pants = celana Pliers = tang Jeans = jeans Tweezers = pinset Tongs = penjepit Ex : - The pants are in the drawer.

A pair of pants is in the drawer. The pliers were in the table. The pair if pliers was in the table. These scissors are dull. This pair if scissors is dull.

H. AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT Affirmative statement (be) + and + {subject + verb (be) + too } Affirmative statement (be) + and + {so + verb (be) + subject } I am happy, and you are to I am happy, and so are you (Compound verb ) Affirmative statement + and + {subject + auxiliary only + too } Affirmative statement + and + {so + auxiliary only + subject } they will work in the la tomorrow, and you will too . they will work in the la tomorrow, and so will you . (Single verb exept be) Affirmative statement + and + {subject + do, does, or did + too } Affirmative statement + and + {so + do, does, or did + subject } Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too . Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister . I. NEGATIVE AGREEMENT Negative statement + and {S + negative auxiliary or be + either} Negative statement + and {S + POSITIVE auxiliary or be + either} Atau : Either negative NEGATIVE Neither negative POSITIF I didnt see Mary this morning, and John didnt either . I didnt see Mary this morning, and neither did John . John hasnt seen the new movie yet, and I havent either . John hasnt seen the new movie yet, and neither have I . AS IF / AS THOUGH S + verb (present) + (as if / as though) + S + verb (past) Angelique walks as though she studied modeling . S + verb (past) + (as if / as though) + S + verb (past perfect) He locked as though he had run ten miles .

J.

K. HOPE/WISH (tdk pasti /pasti) We hope that they will come. We wish that they had come yesterday.

A. Future Wish S + wish + (that) + S + [(could+verb),(would+verb),(were+v-ing)+ we wish that you could come to the party tonight I wish that you would stop saying that she wishes that she were coming with us B. Present Wish S + wish + (that) + S + simple past I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework We wish that he were old enough to come with us They wish that they didnt have to go to class today C. Past Wish S + wish + (that) + S + *(past perfect),(could have+v3)+ I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. She wishes that she could have been there. L. SUBJUNGTIVE Advise , ask, command, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge. S + verb + that + S + (verb 1) . The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.